Flux Density

Flux Density

Definition(s)

Flux Density

Strength of a magnetic field. NOTE In the Gaussian system, flux density is expressed in gauss. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Fluorescent Magnetic Particle Inspection

Fluorescent Magnetic Particle Inspection

Definition(s)

Fluorescent Magnetic Particle Inspection

Magnetic particle inspection process employing a finely-divided, fluorescent, ferromagnetic inspection medium that fluoresces when exposed to black light. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Flank

Flank

Definition(s)

Flank (or Side)

Surface of a thread that connects the crest with the root. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Field End

Field End

Definition(s)

Field End

Pipe end opposite the internally-threaded end. NOTE Mill identification is at the internally-threaded end. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Ferromagnetic

Ferromagnetic

Definition(s)

Ferromagnetic

Term applied to materials that can be magnetized or strongly attracted by a magnetic field. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
False Starting Thread

False Starting Thread

Definition(s)

False Starting Thread

Circumferential tool mark on a round-thread chamfer that precedes the actual starting thread. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
False Indication

False Indication

Definition(s)

False Indication

NDT indication that is interpreted to be caused by a condition other than a discontinuity or imperfection. NOTE False indications are considered non-relevant. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
External Thread

External Thread

Definition(s)

External Thread

Thread on the outside surface of OCTG. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Exploratory Grind

Exploratory Grind

Definition(s)

Exploratory Grind (or Probe Grind) (Noun)

Grind performed to explore or determine the depth of an imperfection. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Evaluation

Evaluation

Definition(s)

Evaluation

Process of determining the severity of an imperfection which leads to determining whether the OCTG is acceptable or rejectable against the appropriate specification. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  

Evaluation

Process of examining, measuring and/or judging how well an entity, procedure, or action has met or is meeting stated objectives. Sample Usage: After increasing the number of sensors at the port, the team conducted an evaluation to determine how the sensors reduced risks to the facility. Annotation: Evaluation is the step in the risk management cycle that measures the effectiveness of an implemented risk management option. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory Guidance  

Evaluation

Evaluation is a design review and a performance test of a type of lifeboat release and retrieval system. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1392, Guidelines for evaluation and replacement of lifeboat release and retrieval systems, 27 May 2011, International Maritime Organization, Regulatory Guidance
Electromagnetic Inspection

Electromagnetic Inspection

Definition(s)

Electromagnetic Inspection (EMI)

Primarily the eddy-current and flux-leakage methods used to detect imperfections. NOTE Field electromagnetic "Inspection Systems" sometimes include equipment for performing additional inspections or services. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Eddy Current

Eddy Current

Definition(s)

Eddy Current

Circulating current caused to flow in the OCTG by varying magnetic fields. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Dual-Element Transducer

Dual-Element Transducer

Definition(s)

Dual-Element Transducer

Ultrasonic transducer containing two piezoelectric elements, one for transmitting and one for receiving. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Drift Mandrel

Drift Mandrel

Definition(s)

Drift Mandrel

Cylinder, machined to specified dimensions, that is passed through a pipe to locate obstructions and/or to assess compliance with the appropriate specifications. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Hidden Failure or Dormant Failure

Hidden Failure or Dormant Failure

Definition(s)

Hidden Failure or Dormant Failure

Hidden failures (dormant) are failures that are not detected by themselves and that need a specific action (e.g. periodic test) to be identified. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards
Revealed Failure

Revealed Failure

Definition(s)

Revealed Failure

Revealed failures are failures that are detected by the system itself as soon as they occur. Failures detected by the diagnostic test of a logic solver are also considered as revealed failures.. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards  
Non Fail-Safe System

Non Fail-Safe System

Definition(s)

Non Fail-Safe System

Non-fail safe is a safety system where there remains the possibility of dangerous failures. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards
Fail-Safe System

Fail-Safe System

Definition(s)

Fail-Safe System

The fail-safe system is based on a design which has reduced the effect of potentially dangerous failures as far as practically possible. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards
Safe Failures or Spurious Trip Failures

Safe Failures or Spurious Trip Failures

Definition(s)

Safe Failures or Spurious Trip Failures

Safe failures (spurious trip failures) are failures that have the potential to trigger the safety function when it is not needed. A single safe failure is generally not sufficient to actually trip unexpectedly a redundant safety system (e.g. 2 safe failures are needed for a 2-out-of-3 voting system). Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards  
Dangerous Failures (or Unsafe Failures)

Dangerous Failures (or Unsafe Failures)

Definition(s)

Dangerous Failures (or Unsafe Failures)

Dangerous failures (or unsafe failures) are failures that have the potential to prevent the safety system from achieving its safety function when there is a true demand. A single dangerous failure is generally not sufficient to prevent a redundant safety system from performing its safety function (e.g. two dangerous failures are needed for a 2-out-of-3 voting system). Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards
Non-Dangerous Failures

Non-Dangerous Failures

Definition(s)

Non-Dangerous Failures

Non-dangerous failures are failures that do not have an immediate effect on the safety function, i.e. do not prevent the safety system from achieving its safety function or do not cause spurious trips. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards
Manual Shutdown

Manual Shutdown

Definition(s)

Manual Shutdown

The machinery is stopped by an intended action of the operator (locally or from the control room). Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards
Spurious Trip

Spurious Trip

Definition(s)

Spurious Trip

Unexpected shutdown results from error(s) in the control/monitoring system or error(s) imposed on the control/monitoring system originating from the environment or people.For some equipment, “spurious stop” is defined as a failure mode that can be either a real trip or a spurious trip as defined above depending on cause. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards  
Disposition

Disposition

Definition(s)

Disposition

Action taken in accordance with the applicable specification with regard to a defect in a length of OCTG. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Discontinuity

Discontinuity

Definition(s)

Discontinuity (or Flaw or Imperfection)

Irregularity in the product, such as a lap, seam, pit and lamination. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Detector

Detector

Definition(s)

Detector or Detector Shoe

Scanning shoe carrying one or more transducers, used to protect transducers from mechanical damage. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  

Detector

Detector is the sensing element which measures the gas concentration. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1370, Guidelines for the design, construction and testing of fixed hydrocarbon gas detection systems, 22 June 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance  
Demagnetization

Demagnetization

Definition(s)

Demagnetization

Process of removing part or all of the residual magnetism from OCTG. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
DC-Field

DC-Field

Definition(s)

DC-Field

Residual or active magnetic field induced by direct current. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Real Trip

Real Trip

Definition(s)

Real Trip

The shutdown is effectuated as a result of a monitored (or calculated) value in the control system exceeding a pre-set limit. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards  
Trip

Trip

Definition(s)

Trip

The shutdown is activated automatically by the control/monitoring system. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards  

Trip

shutdown of machinery from normal operating condition to full stop Note 1 to entry: Two types of shutdown can be identified: a) Trip: the shutdown is activated automatically by the control/monitoring system. • Real trip: the shutdown is activated as a result of a monitored (or calculated) value in the control system exceeding a pre-set limit. • Spurious trip: unexpected shutdown resulting from failure(s) in the control/monitoring system or error(s) imposed by on control/monitoring system originating from the environment or people. b) Manual shutdown: the machinery is stopped by an intended action of the operator (locally or form the control room). Note 2 to entry: Sometimes statements like “equipment trip” or “spurious trip” can be misleading terminology used for failures causing (rotating) equipment shutdown, especially when it is treated as failure mode in reliability data or modelling. A failure mechanism (see Table B.2 of ISO 14224[15]) can be of various types (e.g. mechanical, instrument) and should not be mixed with the term failure modes (of which one is spurious trip). Failure modes are not necessarily instrument-related failures, but could be mechanical failures. See for example failure modes in Table B.6 of ISO 14224[15] for rotating equipment. [SOURCE: ISO 14224] Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards