Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Occupational Injury
Definition(s)
Occupational injury
Any injury such as a cut, fracture, sprain, amputation, etc. which results from a work-related activity or from an exposure involving a single incident in the work environment, such as deafness from explosion, one-time chemical exposure, back disorder from a slip/trip, insect or snake bite. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsOccupational Illness
Definition(s)
Occupational illness
An occupational illness is any abnormal condition or disorder caused by prolonged or repeated exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. Occupational illnesses may be caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion or direct contact with a hazard, as well as exposure to physical and psychological hazards. The effects of ordinary workplace stress (i.e. inherent to job duties) are not considered to be a psychological hazard. Note: IRF (www.irfoffshoresafety.com/country/performance/scope.aspx); OSH (NL) 15.1 and OSH (NS) Element 2, Part 15, Section 15.1. Occupational illnesses are different from occupational injuries (refer to Section 6.4) in that occupational injuries are caused by instantaneous events in the work environment or events close in time. Cases resulting from anything other than instantaneous events are considered occupational illnesses. Occupational illnesses shall be reported via the written notification process described in Section 5.3.3. Note: OSH (NL) 15.4; OSH (NS) Element 2, Part 15, Section 15.4. Source: Incident Reporting and Investigation Guidelines, The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, November 30, 2012. Regulatory GuidanceOccupational illness
Any abnormal condition or disorder, other than one resulting from an occupational injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. Occupational illness may be caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion of, or direct contact with the hazard, as well as exposure to physical and psychological hazards. It will generally result from prolonged or repeated exposure. Refer to OGP/IPECA Report No. 393, Health Performance Indicators (2007). Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsNumber of Fatalities
Definition(s)
Number of fatalities
The total number of Company’s employees and/or Contractor’s employees who died as a result of an incident. ‘Delayed’ deaths that occur after the incident are to be included if the deaths were a direct result of the incident. For example, if a fire killed one person outright, and a second died three weeks later from lung damage caused by the fire, both are reported. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsNumber of Employees
Definition(s)
Number of employees
Average number of full-time and part-time employees involved in exploration and production, calculated on a full-time basis, during the reporting year. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsNear-Miss
Definition(s)
Near miss
“Near-miss” means an event that would likely cause an event set out in paragraph (a) of the definition of “incident”, but does not due to particular circumstances (quasi-incident). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Regulations, SOR/2009-315, February 2013. Regulations Source: Drilling and Production Guidelines, The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, March 31, 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Drilling and Production Regulations, SOR/2009-317, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. RegulationsNear miss
All incidents that, if under slightly different circumstances, would likely have had potential to result in the following on an installation, vessel or aircraft shall be reported as near misses: • An occupational injury/illness which could be classified as at least a lost/restricted workday injury • Unauthorized discharge or spill • Hydrocarbon release • Fire/explosion • Major impairment/damage to safety or environmentally critical equipment. Note: OSH (NL) 15.4, OSH (NS) Element 2, Part 15, Section 15.4; INST 70; DPR 1(1) definition of ”incident” and “near-miss”; DPR 76. Examples of near misses include, but are not limited to the following: • Missing or ineffective safety or environmentally critical barrier This would include, but not be limited to failures in personal protective equipment and failures in management system elements such as control of work, management of change, maintenance, competence assurance, etc. Note: A barrier is a technical, human or organizational safeguard that is put in place to prevent, mitigate or control health, safety or environmental risks. Barriers can be equipment, personnel or procedures identified during both major and on-site risk assessments which must be implemented to reduce risk to as low as reasonably practicable. This includes the design, maintenance and inspection of equipment, implementation of operating and maintenance procedures and training and competency of personnel. Barriers can also be those elements of a management system that are put in place to reduce risk by seeking to identify and improve deficiencies within a management system. • Dropped objects in areas where personnel could be present. • A large object drifting in an uncontrolled manner in dangerous proximity to an installation. • Free fall of elevating devices. Note: OSH (NL) Part 4; Section 15.4. • Unplanned musters in response to the emergency shutdown of a facility for false alarms. Source: Incident Reporting and Investigation Guidelines, The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, November 30, 2012. Regulatory GuidanceNear miss
An event or chain of events that has not resulted in recordable injury, illness or physical damage or environmental damage but had the potential to do so in other circumstances. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsMWE
Definition(s)
MWE
Management and workforce engagement. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsMedical Treatment Case
Definition(s)
Medical Treatment Case (MTC)
A recordable incident involving injury or illness that has required management and care of the patient above and beyond first aid, but not severe enough to be a reportable fatality or lost work day case or restricted work day case. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsMaterial Release Threshold Quantity
Definition(s)
Material release threshold quantity
The weight of gas, liquid, or solid material released from an LOPC which, if exceeded, results in the event being recordable as either Tier 1 or Tier 2 PSE. The threshold quantities are described more fully in API/ANSI standard 754 (see Reference 6) and follow the UNDG classification system. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLost Work Day Case
Definition(s)
Lost work day case (LWDC)
An occupational injury or illness, other than a fatal injury, which results in a person being unfit for work on any day after the day of occurrence of the occupational injury. ‘Any day’ includes rest days, weekend days, leave days, public holidays or days after ceasing employment. A LWDC is a recordable event. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLWDC
Definition(s)
LWDC
Lost day work case. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLost work day case (LWDC)
An occupational injury or illness, other than a fatal injury, which results in a person being unfit for work on any day after the day of occurrence of the occupational injury. ‘Any day’ includes rest days, weekend days, leave days, public holidays or days after ceasing employment. A LWDC is a recordable event. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLost Time Injury Frequency
Definition(s)
Lost time injury frequency (LTIF)
The number of lost time injuries (fatalities + lost work day cases) per 1,000,000 work hours. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLTIF
Definition(s)
LTIF
Lost time injury frequency. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLost time injury frequency (LTIF)
The number of lost time injuries (fatalities + lost work day cases) per 1,000,000 work hours. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLost Time Injury
Definition(s)
Lost time injury (LTI)
A fatality or lost work day case. The number of LTIs is the sum of fatalities and lost work day cases. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLTI
Definition(s)
LTI
Lost time injury. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLost time injury (LTI)
A fatality or lost work day case. The number of LTIs is the sum of fatalities and lost work day cases. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLoss of Primary Containment
Definition(s)
Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC)
An unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material from primary containment, including non-toxic and non-flammable materials (e.g. steam, hot condensate, nitrogen, compressed CO2 or compressed air). For drilling operations, any unplanned or uncontrolled release to the surface (seabed or ground level) should be included. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLoss of primary containment (LOPC)
An unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material from primary containment, including non-toxic and non-flammable materials (e.g. steam, hot condensate, nitrogen, compressed CO2 or compressed air). For drilling operations, any unplanned or uncontrolled release to the surface (seabed or ground level) should be included. LOPC is a type of event. An unplanned or uncontrolled release is an LOPC irrespective of whether the material is released into the environment , or into secondary containment, or into other primary containment not intended to contain the material released under normal operating conditions). Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLOPC
Definition(s)
LOPC
Loss of primary containment. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLoss of Primary Containment (LOPC)
An unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material from primary containment, including non-toxic and non-flammable materials (e.g. steam, hot condensate, nitrogen, compressed CO2 or compressed air). For drilling operations, any unplanned or uncontrolled release to the surface (seabed or ground level) should be included. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsLoss of primary containment (LOPC)
An unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material from primary containment, including non-toxic and non-flammable materials (e.g. steam, hot condensate, nitrogen, compressed CO2 or compressed air). For drilling operations, any unplanned or uncontrolled release to the surface (seabed or ground level) should be included. LOPC is a type of event. An unplanned or uncontrolled release is an LOPC irrespective of whether the material is released into the environment , or into secondary containment, or into other primary containment not intended to contain the material released under normal operating conditions). Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsIPIECA
Definition(s)
IPIECA
Global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global StandardsIPIECA
International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsHours Worked
Definition(s)
Hours worked
The actual ‘hours worked’, including overtime hours, are recorded in the case of onshore operations. The hours worked by an individual will generally be about 2,000 per year. For offshore workers, the ‘hours worked’ are calculated on a 12-hour work day. Consequently average hours worked per year will vary from 1,600 to 2,300 hours per person depending upon the on/off shift ratio. Vacations and leaves are excluded. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsHospital Admission
Definition(s)https://www.iadclexicon.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=13047&action=edit
Hospital admission
Formal acceptance by a hospital or other inpatient health care facility of a patient who is to be provided with room, board, and medical service in an area of the hospital or facility where patients generally reside at least overnight. Treatment in the hospital emergency room or an overnight stay in the emergency rom would not by itself qualify as a ‘hospital admission’. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsHIRA
Definition(s)
HIRA
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsHigh Potential Event
Definition(s)
High potential event
Any event (incident or near miss) that could have resulted in one or more fatalities but had the potential to do so in other circumstances. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsFirst Aid
Definition(s)
First aid
A consequence of an event that required medical attention, often consisting of one-time short-term treatment and requiring little technology or training to administer. First aid can include cleaning minor cuts, scrapes, or scratches; treating a minor burn; applying bandages and dressings; the use of non-prescription medicine; draining blisters; removing debris from the eyes; massage; and drinking fluids to relieve heat stress. A full list of 14 first aid treatments is provided by OGP in Reference 18. First aid cases are not classified as recordable incidents for the purpose of reporting to OGP but may be used by companies as a criterion for reporting of events as Tier 3 KPIs. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsFirst aid
The definition in OFAR of ‘first-aid’ is wide, particularly in including the treatment of minor illnesses. This definition is important in understanding the scope of duty holders’ responsibilities which go beyond first aid. Source: Health Care and First Aid on Offshore Installations and Pipeline Works, Offshore Installations and Pipeline Works (First-Aid) Regulations 1989, Approved Code of Practice and Guidance (UK HSE L123), Second Edition, 2000. Regulatory GuidanceFirst aid
“First aid” means- in cases where a person will need help from a medical practitioner or nurse, treatment for the purpose of preserving life and minimising the consequences of injury and illness until the appropriate help is obtained; and
- treatment of minor injuries or illnesses which would otherwise receive no treatment or which do not need treatment by a medical practitioner or nurse (in this sub-paragraph “treatment” includes redressing and other follow-up treatment).