Reinforcement

Reinforcement

Definition(s)

Reinforcement

Strong material embedded into a matrix to improve its mechanical properties.
  • Note: 1 to entry: Reinforcements are usually long fibres, whiskers, particulates, etc. The term is not to be used synonymously with filler.
Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards
REL

REL

Definition(s)

REL

Recommended exposure level. Source: API RP 49, Recommended Practice for Drilling and Well Servicing Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide, Third Edition, May 2001. Global Standards  
Related Equipment

Related Equipment

Definition(s)

Related Equipment

Any other downhole tool or equipment that would be included or necessary for downhole well test tools operations not included in another standard or specification.

Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global Standards
Relative Density

Relative Density

Definition(s)

Relative Density (or Specific Gravity)

Ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of a standard substance at a reference temperature. NOTE The standard substance is usually water; the reference temperature is usually 4 °C. Source: API RP 10B-2, Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements, First Edition, July 2005 (Reaffirmed: July 2010). Global Standards
Relative Density of a Gas (or vapour)

Relative Density of a Gas (or vapour)

Definition(s)

Relative Density of a Gas (or Vapour)

Density of a gas or a vapour relative to the density of air at the same pressure and at the same temperature (air is equal to 1,0). Source: IEC 61892-7, Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations – Part 7: Hazardous areas. Global Standards
Relative Roughness

Relative Roughness

Definition(s)

Relative Roughness

Ratio of the absolute roughness of the inside pipe wall to the internal diameter of the pipe; Absolute roughness is the average height of imperfections in the pipe wall surface. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards
Release Prevention Barrier

Release Prevention Barrier

Definition(s)

Release Prevention Barrier

A release prevention barrier includes steel bottoms, synthetic materials, clay liners, and all other barriers or combination of barriers placed in the bottom of or under an aboveground storage tank, which have the following functions:
  1. preventing the escape of contaminated material, and
  2. containing or channeling released material for leak detection.
Source: API RP 545 Recommended Practice for Lightning Protection of Aboveground Storage Tanks for Flammable or Combustible Liquids, First Edition, October 2009. Global Standards
Release Rate

Release Rate

Definition(s)

Release Rate

Quantity of flammable gas or vapour emitted per unit time from the source of release. Source: IEC 61892-7, Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations – Part 7: Hazardous areas. Global Standards
Relevant

Relevant

Definition(s)

Relevant

See indications, relevant. Source: API SPEC 16RCD, Specification for Drill Through Equipment—Rotating Control Devices, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2005. Global Standards
Relevant Indication

Relevant Indication

Definition(s)

Relevant Indication

Any indication [liquid penetrant (LP) or magnetic particle (MP) examination] with a major dimension greater than 1.6 mm (0.062 in.).
  • NOTE: Inherent indications not associated with a surface rupture are considered nonrelevant indications.
Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Relevant Indication

Surface NDE indication (iquid penetrant or magnetic particle examination) with a major dimension greater than 1.6 mm (0.062 in)
  • NOTE: Inherent indications not associated with a surface rupture are considered non-relevant indications.
Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Relevant Indication

NDT indication that is caused by a condition or type of discontinuity that requires evaluation. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  

Relevant Indication

Surface-rupture NDE indication with major dimensions greater than 1,6 mm (1/16 in). NOTE Inherent indications not associated with a surface rupture are considered non-relevant. Source: API SPEC 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Twentieth Edition, October 2010 (Addendum November 2012). Global Standards  

Relevant Indication

Only those indications with major dimensions greater than 1⁄16 inch shall be considered relevant. Inherent indications not associated with a surface rupture (for example, magnetic permeability variations and non-metallic stringers) are considered non-relevant. If magnetic particle indications are believed to be non-relevant, they shall be examined by liquid penetrant surface NDE methods or removed and reinspected to prove their non-relevancy. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global Standards
Relevant Indication 〈Liquid Penetrant or Magnetic Particle Examination〉

Relevant Indication 〈Liquid Penetrant or Magnetic Particle Examination〉

Definition(s)

Relevant Indication 〈Liquid Penetrant or Magnetic Particle Examination〉

Any indication with a major dimension over 1,6 mm (0,062 in). Source: API SPEC 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Third Edition, June 2004 (Errata/Supplement November 2004). Global Standards
Reliability

Reliability

Definition(s)

Reliability

Ability of a component or system to perform its required function without failure during a specified time interval routine personnel transfer everyday routine personnel transfer, without specific supporting documentation (i.e. DNV GL approved personnel transfer procedure) Source: Offshore Gangways, DNVGL-ST-0358, DNV GL, September 2017. Global Standards

Reliability

Ability of an item to perform a required function under given conditions for a given time interval. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source: Rules for Classification and Construction, IV Industrial Services, 6 Offshore Technology, 9 Guideline for Personnel Transfers by Means of Lifting Appliances, Edition 2011, Germanischer Lloyd SE, Global Standards

Reliability

The ability of a component or a system to perform its required function under given conditions for a given time interval. Source: Rules for Classification – Offshore units, DNVGL-OU-0101, Offshore drilling and support units, DNV GL, July 2015. Global Standards  

Reliability

Indicator of the extent to which examination scores are consistent across different examination times and locations, different examination forms and different examiners [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.18]. Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global Standards

Reliability

Property of consistent intended behaviour and results. Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global Standards  

Reliability 3.1.8

R(t) 〈measure〉 probability for an item to perform a required function under given conditions over a given time interval z S m = − Note 1 to entry: This is a time-dependent parameter. Note 2 to entry: This parameter is related on a continuous functioning from 0 to t. Note 3 to entry: For non-repairable items, Reliability and Availability are identical Note 4 to entry: In IEC 60500–191[14], the reliability is defined both as ability and as measure. Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards  

Reliability

Ability of a structure or a structural component to fulfill the specified requirements. Source: ISO 19900:2013, Petroleum and natural gas industries – General requirements for offshore structures. Global Standards  

Reliability

The ability of a component or a system to perform its required function without failure during a specified time interval. Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global Standards  

Reliability

Proportion of occasions a barrier or equipment item will function as designed (%). Source: OGP Report No. 415, Asset integrity – the key to managing major incident risks, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, December 2008. Global Standards  

Reliability

Ability of an item to perform a required function under given conditions for a given time interval.
  • NOTE: 1 The term “reliability” is also used as a measure of reliability performance and may also be expressed as a probability.
Source: ISO 20815:2008, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Production assurance and reliability management. Global Standards  

Reliability

Ability of a system to perform a required function under stated conditions for a specified period of time.

Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National Standard  

Reliability

Ability of an item to perform a required function under given conditions for a given time interval.
  • NOTE: 1 The term “reliability” is also used as a measure of reliability performance and can also be defined as a probability.
  • NOTE: 2 For more detailed definitions and interpretations, see Annex C.
Note that the definition of availability given in IEC 60050-191:1990, 3.1.1, can be misleading because it can lead one to think that “availability” and “reliability” are the same concepts. This is not true because the meaning of “over a given time interval” is not at all the same for the concepts of “availability” and “reliability”. Even if the definitions of “availability” and “reliability” seem very close, these concepts are completely different, specifically: availability: item working at a given instant (no matter what has happened before); reliability: item working continuously over a whole period of time. “Availability” characterizes a function that can be interrupted without any problem and “reliability,” a function that cannot be interrupted over a whole period of time. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards
Reliability Analysis

Reliability Analysis

Definition(s)

Reliability Analysis

Control systems for well control equipment are custom designed in accordance with the buyer’s requirements. When specifying a highly complex control system (e.g., one employing an assortment of deepwater features), the buyer may prescribe a level of formal reliability analysis. One purpose is to identify elements exhibiting unacceptable failure probability. Failure analysis, as part of the design process, can help to avoid single point failure modes and the use of unreliable components. ISO 14224 provides guidelines for selecting a suitable procedure for performing system reliability analysis. Source: API SPEC 16D, Specification for Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment and Control Systems for Diverter Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, July 2004. Global Standards
Reliability Data

Reliability Data

Definition(s)

Reliability Data

Data for reliability, maintainability and maintenance support performance. NOTE Reliability and maintainability (RM) data is the term applied by ISO 14224:2006. Source: ISO 20815:2008, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Production assurance and reliability management. Global Standards Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards
Relief Device

Relief Device

Definition(s)

Relief Device

Device used to relieve excess pressure and/or vacuum that has developed in a tank. Source: API STD 2000, Venting Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks, Sixth Edition, November 2009. Global Standards  
Relief Gas

Relief Gas

Definition(s)

Relief Gas

All gases and vapors sent to the flare tip, not including entrained air, and consisting of the sum of organic material, nitrogen, and any other gases added to the vent gas collection system, natural gas added as supplemental fuel, nitrogen added as purge gas, natural gas flowing to the flare pilots, and steam added at the flare tip.
  • NOTE: Other terms used for relief gas include flared gas, vent gas, waste gas, and waste vapor.
Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards
Relief Gas or Flared Gas or Waste Gas or Waste Vapour

Relief Gas or Flared Gas or Waste Gas or Waste Vapour

Definition(s)

Relief Gas or Flared Gas or Waste Gas or Waste Vapour

Gas or vapour vented or relieved into a flare header for conveyance to a flare. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards  
Relief Valve

Relief Valve

Definition(s)

Relief Valve

A device that is built into a hydraulic or pneumatic system to relieve (dump) any excess pressure. Source: API SPEC 16D, Specification for Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment and Control Systems for Diverter Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, July 2004. Global Standards  

Relief Valve

Spring-loaded pressure-relief valve actuated by the static pressure upstream of the valve, which normally opens in proportion to the pressure increase over the set pressure.

NOTE A relief valve is normally used with incompressible fluids.

Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

Relief Valve

Spring-loaded pressure-relief valve actuated by the static pressure upstream of the valve, due to which the valve normally opens in proportion to the pressure increase over the opening pressure.
  • NOTE: A relief valve is normally used with incompressible fluids.
Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards  

Relief Valve

Valve specifically designed to protect a line or vessel from exceeding MAOP by relieving to atmosphere or a tank. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards
Relieving Conditions

Relieving Conditions

Definition(s)

Relieving Conditions

Inlet pressure and temperature on a pressure-relief device during an overpressure condition.
  • NOTE: The relieving pressure is equal to the valve set pressure (or rupture disk burst pressure) plus the overpressure. The temperature of the flowing fluid at relieving conditions can be higher or lower than the operating temperature.
Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards
Relieving Pressure

Relieving Pressure

Definition(s)

Relieving Pressure

Pressure at the inlet of a relief device when the fluid is flowing at the required relieving capacity. Source: API STD 2000, Venting Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks, Sixth Edition, November 2009. Global Standards  
Remanufacture

Remanufacture

Definition(s)

Remanufacture

Activity involving disassembly, reassembly and testing of equipment where machining, welding, heat treating, or other manufacturing operations are employed. Source: API STD 53, Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling Wells, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, November 2012. Global Standards  

Remanufacture

Action performed on equipment that involves a special process or re-machining. Source: API RP 8B, Recommended Practice for Procedures for Inspections, Maintenance, Repair and Remanufacture of Hoisting Equipment, Seventh Edition, March 2002 (Reaffirmed: August 2012). Global Standards  

Remanufacture

Activity involving disassembly, reassembly and testing of wellhead and christmas tree equipment, with or without the replacement of parts other than bodies, where machining, welding, heat treating or other manufacturing operations are employed. NOTE Remanufacture does not include the replacement of bodies. Source: API SPEC 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Twentieth Edition, October 2010 (Addendum November 2012). Global Standards  

Remanufacture

Process of disassembly, reassembly and testing of drill-through equipment, with or without the replacement of parts, in which machining, welding, heat treatment or other manufacturing operation is employed. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Third Edition, June 2004 (Errata/Supplement November 2004). Global Standards
Remanufacture Specification Level

Remanufacture Specification Level

Definition(s)

Remanufacture Specification Level

Level of traceability and/or conformance of parts or assemblies to API 16A.

Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards
Remanufacturer

Remanufacturer

Definition(s)

Remanufacturer

Organization that performs the repair or remanufacture work.

Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards
Remote Access

Remote Access

Definition(s)

Remote Access

Use of systems that are inside the perimeter of the security zone being addressed from a different geographical location with the same rights as when physically present at the location. Source:  DNVGL-RP-G108, Cyber security in the oil and gas industry based on IEC 62443, DNV GL, September 2017. Global Standards

Remote Access

Use of systems that are inside the perimeter of the security zone being addressed from a different geographical location with the same rights as when physically present at the location.
  • NOTE: The exact definition of “remote” can vary according to situation. For example, access may come from a location that is remote to the specific zone, but still within the boundaries of a company or organization. This might represent a lower risk than access that originates from a location that is remote and outside of a company’s boundaries
Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National Standard
Remote Choke Panel

Remote Choke Panel

Definition(s)

Remote Choke Panel

A set of controls, usually placed on the rig floor, used to control the amount of fluid circulated out through the choke manifold. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards
Remote Control

Remote Control

Definition(s)

Remote Control

Line or vessel control achieved at a remote control center using a SCADA system. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards

Remote Control

A wired or wireless equipment control device that operates the diesel engine's air intake shut-off valve from a distance. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. Regulations
Remote Controlled Valve

Remote Controlled Valve

Definition(s)

Remote Controlled Valve

A valve that is controlled from a remote location. Source: API RP 64, Recommended Practice for Diverter Systems Equipment and Operations, Second Edition, November 2001 (March 1, 2007). Global Standards  
Remote Gooseneck Termination

Remote Gooseneck Termination

Definition(s)

Remote Gooseneck Termination

Separate piece of equipment that mates the rig drape hoses to the appropriate riser external lines with little or no direct physical worker involvement and that generally interfaces with the telescopic joint in the moonpool area.

Source: API Specification 16Q, Design, Selection, Operation, and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, Second Edition, April 2017. Global Standards
Remote Panel

Remote Panel

Definition(s)

Remote Panel

See control panel. Source: API SPEC 16D, Specification for Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment and Control Systems for Diverter Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, July 2004. Global Standards
Remote Sensor

Remote Sensor

Definition(s)

Remote Sensor (Types of Instruments)

Sensor that is not integral to the main body of the apparatus. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global Standards