ALARP

ALARP

Definition(s)


ALARP

As Low As Reasonably Practicable. Source:  DNVGL-RP-G108, Cyber security in the oil and gas industry based on IEC 62443, DNV GL, September 2017. Global Standards Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards Source: Oil & Gas UK, Guidelines on subsea BOP systems, Issue 1, July 2012, Global Standards Source: OGP Report No. 476, Recommendations for enhancements to well control training, examination and certification, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, October 2012. Global Standards Source: 117 OLF, Norwegian Oil and Gas Association recommended guidelines for Well Integrity, No. 117, Revision No. 4, June 2011. Global Standards Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: OGP Report No. 476, Recommendations for enhancements to well control training, examination and certification, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, October 2012. Global Standards Source: Rules for Classification and Construction, IV Industrial Services, 6 Offshore Technology, 9 Guideline for Personnel Transfers by Means of Lifting Appliances, Edition 2011, Germanischer Lloyd SE, Global Standards

ALARP

As low as reasonably practical. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards  

ALARP

Implementation of risk-reducing measures until the cost (including time, capital costs or other resources/assets) of further risk reduction is disproportional to the potential risk reducing effect achieved by implementing any additional measure
  • Note: 1 to entry: See UK HSE
Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards  

ALARP/ALARA

"As Low as Reasonably Practicable" (ALARP) is a commonly applied, judgement-based, principle to assess whether risk controls/barriers are sufficient. It recognises the concept of proportionality between costs and efforts expended, and risk reduction benefit. "As Low as (is) Reasonably Achievable" (ALARA) is based on similar principles to ensure the residual risk will be as low as reasonably practicable. The principle recognises that it is generally not possible to eliminate risk entirely, but it aims to demonstrate that the risk of an activity has been reduced to a level acceptable to stakeholders. To reduce a risk to a level "as low as reasonably practicable" represents the point where the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. The UK HSE has produced extensive guidance on ALARP, including "Principles and guidelines ro assist HSE in its judgements that duty-holders have reduced risk as low as reasonably practicable" http:/ /www.hse.gov.uk/risk/theory/alarpl.htm. In the United States of America, ALARA is almost exclusively used in the field of radiation protection and is defined in Tide 10, Section 20.1003 of the Code ofFederal Regulations (10 CFR20.1003). Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards

ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)

A process for assessing the amount of effort and resources that should reasonably be applied to reduce risk.  Reducing a risk to a level which is ALARP involves objectively determining the balance where the effort and cost of further reduction measures become disproportionate to the additional amount of risk reduction obtained. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

To reduce a risk to a level which is ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ involves balancing reduction in risk against the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of achieving it. This level represents the point, objectively assessed, at which the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. Source: OGP Report No. 6.36/210, Guidelines for the Development and Application of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, July 1994. Global Standards

As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

A phrase used in the Regulations and the Act. The concept has been elaborated in various legal judgements. (There is voluminous relevant guidance available from Australia and elsewhere, e.g. the UK HSE.) (The related phrase “reasonably practicable” is used frequently in the Act.)The legal definition of “reasonably practicable” was set out in England by Lord Justice Asquith in Edwards v National Coal Board [1949] who said: “‘Reasonably practicable’ is a narrower term than ‘physically possible’ and seems to me to imply that a computation must be made by the owner, in which the quantum of risk is placed on one scale and the sacrifice involved in the measures necessary for averting the risk (whether in money, time or trouble) is placed in the other; and that if it be shown that there is a gross disproportion between them — the risk being insignificant in relation to the sacrifice — the defendants discharge the onus on them. Moreover, this computation falls to be made by the owner at a point of time anterior to the accident.” This English decision has since been confirmed by the Australian High Court. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

ALARP

This term refers to reducing risk to a level that is As Low As Reasonably Practicable. In practice, this means that the operator has to show through reasoned and supported arguments that there are no other practicable options that could reasonably be adopted to reduce risks further. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance
As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)

As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)

Definition(s)


As Low As Reasonably Practicable

Implementation of risk-reducing measures until the cost (including time, capital costs or other resources/assets) of further risk reduction is disproportional to the potential risk reducing effect achieved by implementing any additional measure.

Note 1 to entry: See UK HSE.

Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards

ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)

A process for assessing the amount of effort and resources that should reasonably be applied to reduce risk.  Reducing a risk to a level which is ALARP involves objectively determining the balance where the effort and cost of further reduction measures become disproportionate to the additional amount of risk reduction obtained. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

A phrase used in the Regulations and the Act. The concept has been elaborated in various legal judgements. (There is voluminous relevant guidance available from Australia and elsewhere, e.g. the UK HSE.) (The related phrase “reasonably practicable” is used frequently in the Act.)The legal definition of “reasonably practicable” was set out in England by Lord Justice Asquith in Edwards v National Coal Board [1949] who said: “‘Reasonably practicable’ is a narrower term than ‘physically possible’ and seems to me to imply that a computation must be made by the owner, in which the quantum of risk is placed on one scale and the sacrifice involved in the measures necessary for averting the risk (whether in money, time or trouble) is placed in the other; and that if it be shown that there is a gross disproportion between them — the risk being insignificant in relation to the sacrifice — the defendants discharge the onus on them. Moreover, this computation falls to be made by the owner at a point of time anterior to the accident.” This English decision has since been confirmed by the Australian High Court Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

To reduce a risk to a level which is ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ involves balancing reduction in risk against the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of achieving it. This level represents the point, objectively assessed, at which the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. Source: OGP Report No. 6.36/210, Guidelines for the Development and Application of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, July 1994. Global Standards
Acceptance Inspection

Acceptance Inspection

Definition(s)


Acceptance Inspection

Specified limits of acceptability applied to process, service, or product characteristics . Source: API Spec Q2, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Service,  Supply Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Upstream Segment, First Edition, December 2011. Global Standards  

Acceptance Inspection

Demonstration through monitoring or measurement that the product complies with specified requirements. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global Standards Source:ISO/TS 29001:2010(E).Global Standards
Acceptance Criteria

Acceptance Criteria

Definition(s)


Acceptance Criteria

Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, products, equipment, processes, or services. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, equipment, processes, or service.

Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

Specified limits of acceptability applied to process or product characteristics. Source: API Technical Report 17TR7, Verification and Validation of Subsea Connectors, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source: API Spec Q2, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Service,  Supply Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Upstream Segment, First Edition, December 2011. Global Standards Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

Acceptance criteria (definition at Rule 2(a)) means the upper limit of acceptable risk related to major accidents and risk related to the environment. Major accident means an accident involving several serious personal injuries or deaths or an accident that jeopardises the integrity of the facility. Environmental risk means the risk of pollution. Source: Guidance Notes on Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules, 2008, Oil Industry Safety Directorate (India), 2012. Regulatory Guidance

Acceptance Criteria

Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, products or services . Source: API SPEC 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Twentieth Edition, October 2010 (Addendum November 2012). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Third Edition, June 2004 (Errata/Supplement November 2004). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16C, Specification for Choke and Kill Systems, First Edition, January 1993 (Reaffirmed 2001). Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

Specified limits of acceptability applied to process, service, or product characteristics. Source: API Spec Q2, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Service,  Supply Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Upstream Segment, First Edition, December 2011. Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

Specified limits of acceptability applied to process or product characteristics. Source:ISO/TS 29001:2010(E).Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

The limits for the risk to be acceptable (Arbo Regulation Article 3.2). Source: NOGEPA Industrial Guideline No. 7, Rescue at Sea, Netherlands, Version 0, January 2008. Global Standards  

Acceptance Criteria

“Acceptance criteria” means criteria used to express a risk level that is considered acceptable for the activity in question, limited to the high level expressions of risk. Source: Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules, 2008, India, 18th June 2008. Regulations   

Acceptance Criteria

Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, products, or services. Source: API SPEC 16RCD, Specification for Drill Through Equipment—Rotating Control Devices, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2005. Global Standards
Field Repairs

Field Repairs

Definition(s)


Field repairs

Repairs made to equipment outside of a normal service center. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Fracture Toughness

Fracture Toughness

Definition(s)


Fracture toughness

Property of a material which measures the resistance to failure due to crack propagation. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Functional Specification

Functional Specification

Definition(s)


Functional specification

Features, characteristics, process conditions, boundaries, and exclusions that define the performance and use requirements of a managed product, including any customer specific requirements
  • NOTE See ISO 13879 for additional information on functional specifications.
Source: API STANDARD 18LCM, Product Life Cycle Management System Requirements for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Functional specification

Features, characteristics, process conditions, boundaries, and exclusions defining the performance of the tools.

Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global Standards

Functional specification

Document that specifies the totality of needs expressed by features, characteristics, process conditions, boundaries and exclusions defining the performance of a product or service including quality assurance requirements. Source: API SPEC 17E, Specification for Subsea Umbilicals, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, October 2010. Global Standards

Functional specification

Document that describes the features, characteristics, process conditions, boundaries and exclusions defining the performance and use requirements of the product, process, or service (ISO 13879).  Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Functional specification

Document that describes the features, characteristics, process conditions, boundaries and exclusions defining the performance and use requirements of the product, process or service. Source: ISO 13880:1999, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Content and drafting of a technical specification, First Edition, October 1999. Global Standards Source: ISO 13879:1999, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Content and drafting of a functional specification, First Edition, October 1999. Global Standards
Limit Load Analysis

Limit Load Analysis

Definition(s)


Limit load analysis

Calculations performed to determine a lower bound to the structural failure of a component (ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 2 and Division 3). Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Load Cycle

Load Cycle

Definition(s)


Load cycle

Series of loads applied to an assembly or component that generates stresses (ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 2 and Division 3). Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Plastic Collapse

Plastic Collapse

Definition(s)


Plastic collapse

Load that causes overall structural instability; the onset of gross plastic deformation. NOTE 1 Plastic collapse load is calculated with elastic-plastic material properties. NOTE 2 Plastic collapse is calculated using methods such as ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 2, Paragraph 5.2.4 or ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 3, Paragraph KD-230 using a true stress–strain material model. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Post-yield

Post-yield

Definition(s)


Post-yield

Material state characterized by having experienced permanent deformation. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Pressure-containing

Pressure-containing

Definition(s)


Pressure-containing

Product or part whose failure to function as intended results in a release of retained fluid to the atmosphere.

Source: API STANDARD 18LCM, Product Life Cycle Management System Requirements for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Pressure-containing

Part whose failure to function as intended results in a release of wellbore fluid to the environment (API 6A). Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
System

System

Definition(s)


System

Assembled section of piping consisting of a representative range of pipes, fittings, connections, attachments, supports, penetrations and associated coatings, e.g. for thermal insulation or fire protection, as can be found in service. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards

System

Combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes. A system can consist of products (tools used to achieve a specific task), equipment, services and/or people. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1512, Guideline on Software Quality Assurance and Human-Centred Design for e-navigation, 8 June 2015, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance  

System

A set of interacting or interdependent elements forming an integrated process to manage an activity. The OMS is termed a "framework". It provides a structure to organize all a company's operating systems and other sub-systems, such as procedures. The OMS Framework applies to all levels of an organisation, but each level may add additional systems and sub-systems to manage risks specific to its activities, creating a "local" or "asset" OMS. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards

System

Any combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications integrated for a specific purpose.

Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

System

Combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes (ISO 15288).
  • EXAMPLE: Air transportation system.
Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

System

Integrated composite of people, products, and processes that provide a capability to satisfy a stated need or objective. Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global Standards  

System

Any combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications integrated for a specific purpose. Sample Usage: The collection of roads, tunnels, and bridges provided the country with the foundation for a useful transit system. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory Guidance  

System

System refers to the fixed hydrocarbon gas detection system. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1370, Guidelines for the design, construction and testing of fixed hydrocarbon gas detection systems, 22 June 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance  

System

Interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole.

Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National Standard  

System

“System” means occupational health and safety management system required pursuant to these Requirements, unless the context otherwise requires. Source:  Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health & Safety Requirements, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, December 2000. Regulations
Technical Specification

Technical Specification

Definition(s)


Technical Specification

Document that describes product capabilities to comply with the functional specification.
  • NOTE: See ISO 13880 for additional information on technical specifications.
Source: API STANDARD 18LCM, Product Life Cycle Management System Requirements for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Technical Specification

Document that describes technical requirements to be fulfilled by the product, process, or service in order to comply with the functional specification (ISO 13880). Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Technical Specification

Document that prescribes technical requirements to be fulfilled by the product, process or service in order to comply with the functional specification
  • NOTE: A technical specification should indicate, whenever appropriate, the procedure(s) by means of which it might be determined whether the requirements given are fulfilled.
Source: ISO 13879:1999, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Content and drafting of a functional specification, First Edition, October 1999. Global Standards  

Technical Specification

Document that defines technical requirements to be fulfilled by the product, process or service in order to comply with the functional specification
  • NOTE: 1 A technical specification should indicate, whenever appropriate, the procedure(s) by means of which it may be determined whether the requirements given are fulfilled.
  • NOTE: 2 A technical specification may be a standard, be included in a standard(s) or be independent of a standard.
  • NOTE: 3 A technical specification expresses the technical requirements expressed by characteristics, features, properties and all information that is required to produce a product, execute a process or provide a service, including objective evidence that the product, process or service will comply with the functional requirements.
Source: ISO 13880:1999, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Content and drafting of a technical specification, First Edition, October 1999. Global Standards
Thermal Ratcheting

Thermal Ratcheting

Definition(s)


Thermal ratcheting

Progressive incremental inelastic deformation or strain that can occur in a component subjected to thermal cyclic loading. NOTE Thermal ratcheting causes cyclic straining of the material due to thermal loads, which can result in failure by fatigue and/or cyclic incremental deformation of a structure. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Thermal Stress

Thermal Stress

Definition(s)


Thermal stress

Self-balancing stress produced by a nonuniform distribution of temperature through the cross section of a component. NOTE Thermal stress may also be present when a constant temperature is applied to a composite of materials with differing coefficients of thermal expansion or to a material that is constrained from expanding or contracting in response to temperature changes. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Yield Strength

Yield Strength

Definition(s)


Yield strength

Stress level, measured at room temperature, at which material plastically deforms and will not return to its original dimensions when the stress is released.
  • NOTE: 1 The term is expressed in Newton’s per square millimeter (pounds per square inch) of loaded area.
  • NOTE: 2 All yield strength (YS) specified in this standard are considered as being the 0.2 % yield offset strength in accordance with ISO 6892 or ASTM A370.
Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Yield strength

Stress level, measured at room temperature, at which material plastically deforms and will not return to its original dimensions when the stress is released.
  • NOTE: 1 The term is expressed in newtons per square millimeter (pounds per square inch) of loaded area.
  • NOTE: 2 All yield strengths specified in this standard are considered as being the 0.2 % yield offset strength in accordance with ISO 6892 or ASTM A370.
Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Yield strength

Material specification corresponding to measured tensile stress required to produce a total elongation of 0.5 % of test specimen gauge length. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards

Yield strength

Stress level, measured at room temperature, at which material plastically deforms and does not return to its original dimensions when the load is released.
  • NOTE: All yield strengths specified in this document are the 0,2 % offset yield strength in accordance with ISO 6892-1 or ASTM A370.
Source: API SPEC 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Twentieth Edition, October 2010 (Addendum November 2012). Global Standards  

Yield strength

Stress level, measured at room temperature, at which material plastically deforms and will not return to its original dimensions when the stress is released.
  • NOTE: 1 It is expressed in newtons per square millimetre (pounds per square inch) of loaded area.
  • NOTE: 2 All yield strengths specified in this American National Standard are considered as being the 0,2 % yield offset strength in accordance with ISO 6892.
Source: API SPEC 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Third Edition, June 2004 (Errata/Supplement November 2004). Global Standards  

Yield strength

The stress level measured at room temperature, expressed in pounds per square inch of loaded area, at which material plastically deforms and will not return to its original dimensions when the load is released. Yield strengths specified in this standard shall be considered as being the 0.2% yield offset strength per ASTM A 370. Source: API SPEC 16C, Specification for Choke and Kill Systems, First Edition, January 1993 (Reaffirmed 2001). Global Standards  

Yield strength

The stress level measured at room temperature, expressed in pounds per square in. of loaded area, at which material plastically deforms and will not return to its original dimensions when the load is released. All yield strengths specified in this standard shall be considered as being the 0.2% yield offset strength per ASTM A 370. Source: API SPEC 16RCD, Specification for Drill Through Equipment—Rotating Control Devices, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2005. Global Standards  

Yield strength

Stress level at which a metal or other material ceases to behave elastically. Source: API SPEC 17J, Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe, Third Edition, July 2008. Global Standards  

Yield strength

Engineering stress at which, by convention, it is considered that plastic elongation of the material has commenced (ASTM E6). NOTE This stress may be specified in terms of: a) a specified deviation from a linear stress–strain relationship, b) a specified total extension attained, or c) maximum or minimum engineering stresses measured during discontinuous yielding. EXAMPLE In API 6A, yield strength values are the 0.2 % offset yield strengths determined from tests conducted in accordance with ASTM A370. In API 5CT, the stress occurs at specified strains (0.5 %, 0.65 %, etc.). Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
DCB

DCB

Definition(s)


DCB

Double cantilever beam. Source: API Technical Report 17TR7, Verification and Validation of Subsea Connectors, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

DCB

Double-cantilever bend. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
FPB

FPB

Definition(s)


FPB

Four-point bend. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
HPHT

HPHT

Definition(s)


HPHT

High-pressure high-temperature. Source: API Specification 16Q, Design, Selection, Operation, and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, Second Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global Standards Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source:  International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: Oil & Gas UK, Guidelines on subsea BOP systems, Issue 1, July 2012, Global Standards  

HPHT

High pressure and/or high temperature. Source: OGP Report No. 476, Recommendations for enhancements to well control training, examination and certification, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, October 2012. Global Standards  

HPHT

High Pressure High Temperature. Source: NOGEPA Industrial Guideline No. 43, Surface BOP Review, Best Practices Checklist, Netherlands, Version 0, December 2011. Global Standards Source: NORSOK D-010, Well integrity in drilling and well operations, Rev. 3, August 2004. Global Standards  

HP/HT

High pressure/high temperature. Source: NORSOK D-001, Drilling facilities, Rev. 3, December 2012. Global Standards
IMP

IMP

Definition(s)


IMP

Integrity management program. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
ITP

ITP

Definition(s)


ITP

Inspection and test plan. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards

ITP

Inspection test plan. Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global Standards

ITP

Inspection and testing plan. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
MPS

MPS

Definition(s)


MPS

Material Product Specification Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards

MPS

Manufacturing process specification. Source: API Specification 20E, Alloy and Carbon Steel Bolting for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Second Edition, February 2017. Global Standards Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global Standards Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

MPS

Manufacturing Procedure Specification Source: Verification of Lifting Appliances for the Oil and Gas Industry, DNV-OSS-308, October 2010, Det Norske Veritas AS, Global Standards
SMYS

SMYS

Definition(s)


SMYS

Specified minimum yield strength. Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards Source: API Technical Report 17TR7, Verification and Validation of Subsea Connectors, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: ISO 21457:2010, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems, First Edition,September 2010. Global Standards  

SMYS

Minimum yield strength at room temperature prescribed by the specification or standard under which the material is purchased.

Source: API Technical Report 17TR7, Verification and Validation of Subsea Connectors, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

 

SMYS

Specified minimum yield strength (mathematical symbol: σSMY). Source: API SPEC 17E, Specification for Subsea Umbilicals, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, October 2010. Global Standards  

SMYS

(Specified Minimum Yield Strength) - the design value of the strength of the steel used in the pipe or vessel. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards  

SMYS

Specified minimum yield stress. Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global Standards
SSRT

SSRT

Definition(s)


SSRT

Slow strain rate testing. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
TPN

TPN

Definition(s)


TPN

Test priority number. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
UTS

UTS

Definition(s)


UTS

Ultimate Tensile Strength. Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Creep

Creep

Definition(s)


Creep

The permanent increase in length under sustained tension or cyclic loading. Source: API RP 2SM Design, Manufacture, Installation, and Maintenance of Synthetic Fiber Ropes for Offshore Mooring, Second Edition, July 2014. Global Standards Source: API RP 2SM, Design, Manufacture, Installation, and Maintenance of Synthetic Fiber Ropes for Offshore Mooring, First Edition, July 2014Global Standards

Creep

Creep is defined as a time-dependent deformation of a material while under an applied load. It is usually regarded as an elevated temperature phenomenon, although some materials creep at room temperature. If permitted to continue indefinitely, creep may terminate in rupture. Creep in service is usually typified by complex conditions of loading and temperature. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Creep

Creep is the time-dependent deformation of materials that occurs at temperatures greater than about 40 % to 50 % of the lowest melting point or lowest end of the melting range. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Creep

The time-dependent increase in deformation of a component when subjected to a constant stress.

Source:API SPECIFICATION 7K, Drilling and Well Servicing Equipment, Sixth Edition, December 2015. Global Standards
Embrittlement

Embrittlement

Definition(s)


Embrittlement

Embrittlement may be defined as the loss of ductility or toughness resulting from exposure of materials to various environments. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Design Simulations

Design Simulations

Definition(s)


Design simulations

Simulations represent a technique for testing, analysis, or training in which real-world systems are used, or where real-world and conceptual systems are reproduced by a model. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards