Global Standards

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Evacuation, Escape and Rescue Strategy

Strategy that results from an evaluation of events that may require EER. NOTE This strategy describes the measures required and their role. Source: ISO 15544:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Requirements and guidelines for emergency. Global Standards  

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Event

An unintended or uncontrolled outcome of an operating activity that has, or could have, contributed to harmful consequences to people, property or the environment. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards  

Event

Occurrence or change of a particular set of circumstances. [SOURCE: ISO Guide 73:2009]

• Note 1 to entry: An event can be one or more occurrences, and can have several causes.
• Note 2 to entry: An event can consist of something not happening.
• Note 3 to entry: An event can sometimes be referred to as an “incident” or “accident”.

Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

Event

Occurrence or change of a particular set of circumstances.

• NOTE 1 An event can be one or more occurrences, and can have several causes.
• NOTE 2 An event can consist of something not happening.
• NOTE 3 An event can sometimes be referred to as an “incident” or “accident”.
• NOTE 4 An event without consequences (3.6.1.3) can also be referred to as a “near miss”, “incident”, “near hit” or “close call”.

Source: ISO Guide 73:2009(E/F), Risk Management – Vocabulary, First Edition, 2009. Global Standards  

Event

An observable occurrence in an information system or network. Extended Definition: Sometimes provides an indication that an incident is occurring or at least raise the suspicion that an incident may be occurring. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards  

Event

An unplanned or uncontrolled outcome of a business operation or activity that has or could have contributed to an injury, illness or physical damage or environmental damage. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global Standards

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Event Tree

An event tree starts with an initiating event then works forward to develop a number of possible outcomes. At each branch the system (or person) is considered to have “failed” or “not failed” and probabilities are assigned that provide a quantitative estimate of the likelihood of each outcome. Source: Approved Code of Practice for Managing Hazards to Prevent Major Industrial Accidents, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Department of Labour, New Zealand, July 1994. Regulatory Guidance  

Event Tree

Definition: graphical tool used to illustrate the range and probabilities of possible outcomes that arise from an initiating event. Sample Usage: Analysts used an event tree to diagram possible outcomes from a terrorist attack. Annotation:

1. Event trees use forward logic; they begin with an initiating event and work forward in time to determine the possible outcomes.
2. The probabilities used in event trees are conditional probabilities because they are based on the assumption that the initiating event has already occurred. (See Probability annotation for a description of conditional probability.)
3. As an example, consider Figure A. The initiating event is an Attack Attempted. From the initiating event, the tree branches into a sequence of random variables, called events. The branching point at which a new random event is introduced is called a node and is depicted by a circle.

The first of these random events is Personnel Action to Stop Attack. The Personnel Action to Stop Attack is successful with probability 1-P1 and fails to stop the attack with probability P1. If Personnel Action to Stop Attack is successful, then the branch leads to the final outcome of Unsuccessful Attack, No Damage (Scenario A). If Personnel Action to Stop Attack is not successful, then the branch leads to the next node representing the random event of whether the Security Equipment to Stop Attack is successful or not with probabilities of 1-P2 and P2 respectively. If the Security Equipment to Stop Attack is successful then the branch leads to the final outcome of Unsuccessful Attack, No Damage (Scenario B). If Security Equipment to Stop Attack fails then the branch leads to the final outcome of Successful Attack, Damage to System (Scenario C). Assuming that P1 equals 10% or 0.1 and P2 equals 30% or 0.3, then the conditional probabilities of a Successful and Unsuccessful Attack, given that the initiating event occurs and an attack is attempted, are calculated as follows: Probability of Successful Attack given that an attack is attempted: = Probability of Scenario C = Probability that Personnel Action to Stop Attack fails and Security Equipment to Stop Attack fails. = P1× P2 = 0.1 × 0.3 = 0.03 Therefore, the conditional probability of a Successful Attack, given the attack is attempted, is 3%. Probability of Unsuccessful Attack given that an attack is attempted: = Probability of Scenario A or Scenario B occurring = Probability that Personnel Action to Stop Attack is successful or Security Equipment to Stop Attack is successful. = (1 -P1) + [P1 × (1 -P2)] = 0.9 + (0.1 × 0.7) = 0.97 Therefore, the conditional probability of an Unsuccessful Attack, given that the attack is attempted, is 97%. Notice that the Probability of Successful Attack plus the probability of Unsuccessful Attack equals one because there are no alternative outcomes. Event trees differ from fault trees by starting with an initiating event and moving forward in time to determine possible final outcomes. Fault trees start with an outcome and work backwards in time to determine the range of events that may have caused the outcome. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory Guidance  

Event Tree

Tree-like diagram used to determine alternative potential scenarios arising from a particular hazardous event. NOTE It can be used quantitatively to determine the probability or frequency of different consequences arising from the hazardous event. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards  

 

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Event Tree Analysis

Tree-like diagram used to determine alternative potential scenarios arising from a particular hazardous event. NOTE It can be used quantitatively to determine the probability or frequency of different consequences arising from the hazardous event. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards  

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EW

Electric-welded casing or tubing (including attached couplings). Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  

EW

Electric-welded process. Source: API SPEC 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing, Upstream Segment, Ninth Edition, July 2011 (Errata September 2012). Global Standards  

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EWS

Engineering Workstation. Source:  DNVGL-RP-G108, Cyber security in the oil and gas industry based on IEC 62443, DNV GL, September 2017. Global Standards

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Ex

Designation of explosion-protected electrical apparatus complying with IEC standards. Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards

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Ex component

Part of electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres which is not to be used alone in such atmospheres and which requires additional evaluation of any electrical apparatus with which it is used. Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards

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Ex scheme

An international system of certification for explosion-protected electrical apparatus administered by the IECEE and described by IECEE-04. The eventual goal of this scheme is that a manufacturer of hazardous location electrical apparatus would be able to obtain a single 'Ex' Certificate of Conformity from one Certification Laboratory and provide that product in any participating country without legal or technical obstacle and without the need to get it recertified locally. Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards

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Examination Adaptation

process of modifying an examination for use in other languages or cultures, based on linguistic, cultural and practice pattern differences Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global Standards

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Examination Administration

process of delivering examinations to examinees Note 1 to entry: Examination administration typically involves standardized procedures and operational conditions. Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global Standards

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Examination Blueprint

listing of the content areas to be included in an examination, together with the criteria (weighting) of the content areas on the overall examination Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global Standards

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Examination Form

alternate sets of examination questions assessing the same competences within the same organization or body. Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global Standards

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Examination Modification

modification of an examination or its administration, made to account for the effects of a disability without altering the validity of the examination. Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global Standards

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Examination Outline

listing of the content areas to be included in an examination, together with the criteria (weighting) of the content areas on the overall examination. Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global Standards

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Examination Point

recording point measurement point test point [test point is a term no longer in use as test refers to mechanical or physical tests (e.g. tensile tests or pressure tests)] An area within a CML defined by a circle having a diameter not greater than 3 in. (75 mm) for pressure vessels. CMLs may contain multiple examination points, for example, a vessel nozzle may be a CML and have multiple examination points (e.g. an examination point in all four quadrants of the CML on the nozzle).

Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

Examination Point

Recording point measurement point test point. A specific location on a piping system to obtain a repeatable thickness measurement for the purpose of establishing an accurate corrosion rate. CMLs may contain multiple examination points.

• NOTE: Test point is a term no longer in use as “test” in this Code refers to mechanical or physical tests (e.g. tensile tests or pressure tests).

Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

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Examination Security

restriction of access to documents, examinations, examination questions and examination scores. Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global Standards

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Examination Test

mechanism that is part of an assessment which measures a candidate’s competence by one or more means, such as written, oral, practical and observational, as defined in the certification scheme [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.9, modified — The term “test” has been added as an alternative term.]. Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global Standards

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Examination, Visual

Examination of parts and equipment for visible defects in material and workmanship. Source: API SPEC 16RCD, Specification for Drill Through Equipment—Rotating Control Devices, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2005. Global Standards

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Examination, Volumetric Nondestructive

Examination for internal material defects by radiography, acoustic emission, or ultrasonic testing. Source: API SPEC 16RCD, Specification for Drill Through Equipment—Rotating Control Devices, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2005. Global Standards

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Examinations

Quality control (QC) functions performed by examiners (e.g. NDEs in accordance with approved NDE procedures). Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards  

Examinations

The act of performing any type of NDE for the purpose of data collection and/or quality control functions performed by examiners.

• NOTE: Examinations would be typically those actions conducted by NDE personnel, welding or coating inspectors, but may also be conducted by authorized piping inspectors.

Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

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Examiner

A person who assists the inspector by performing specific NDE on pressure vessel components and evaluates to the applicable acceptance criteria but does not evaluate the results of those examinations in accordance with API 510, unless specifically trained and authorized to do so by the owner/user.

Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards  

Examiner

A person who assists the inspector by performing specific NDE on piping system components and evaluates to the applicable acceptance criteria (where qualified to do so), but does not evaluate the results of those examinations in accordance with API 570 requirements, unless specifically trained and authorized to do so by the owner/user.

Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

Examiner

A person who assists the inspector by performing specific nondestructive examination (NDE) on pressure vessel components but does not evaluate the results of those examinations in accordance with API 510, unless specifically trained and authorized to do so by the owner/user. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration Downstream Segment, Ninth Edition, June 2006. Global Standards  

Examiner

Person competent to conduct and score an examination, where the examination requires professional judgement. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.10] Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global Standards

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Examiner Reliability

consistency with which different examiners assign scores to the same observed performance of a candidate or product produced by the candidate Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global Standards

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Exclusion Zone

Zone that is usually set up in the immediate area surrounding the spilled material or incident scene. NOTE Access to the exclusion zone should be controlled for accountability purposes as well as contamination control purposes. Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global Standards

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Executive Management

Person or group of people who have delegated responsibility from the governing body for implementation of strategies and policies to accomplish the purpose of the organization Note 1 to entry: Executive management is sometimes called top management and can include Chief Executive Officers, Chief Financial Officers, Chief Information Officers, and similar roles. Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

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Exfiltration

The unauthorized transfer of information from an information system. From: NIST SP 800-53 Rev 4 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards

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Existing Water Users

Individuals, groups of individuals, organizations or other species that currently make use of water within the project’s area of Influence. They are also ‘Stakeholders’. Source: Identifying and assessing water sources: Guidance document for the onshore oil and gas industry, International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA), 2014. Global Standards

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Expectation

In this report, an Expectation is a statement within an OMS Element that describes an anticipated outcome of OMS implementation. Expectations are auditable for the purpose of OMS review. A company's OMS should clarify whether an expectation is a current requirement, a performance objective or a future aspiration. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards

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Expected Capacity

Expected volume the line or vessel flows during a period. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards