Serviceability Limit State

Serviceability Limit State

Definition(s)

Serviceability Limit State

Category describing events with an annual probability of exceedance larger than 10-2. NOTE 1 The serviceability limit state (SLS) requires that the system survive with no damage and operate as intended. NOTE 2 The limiting conditions for normal operation, installation and testing depend on the particular situation. SLS conditions are defined by the operator and reflect the operating plan. These very important cases define the intended operation. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Seal, Hermetic

Seal, Hermetic

Definition(s)

Seal, Hermetic

See device, hermetically sealed. Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards
Seal, Factory

Seal, Factory

Definition(s)

Seal, Factory

A construction where components capable of initiating an internal explosion due to arcing, sparking, or thermal effects under normal conditions are isolated from the wiring system by means of factory installed flame-proof seal or joint for the purpose of eliminating the need for an external, field-installed conduit seal and, in some cases, a field-installed cable seal. Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards
Seal, Explosion-proof Conduit

Seal, Explosion-proof Conduit

Definition(s)

Seal, Explosion-proof Conduit

A sealing fitting, filled with a poured potting compound, designed to contain an explosion in the enclosure to which it is attached and to minimize passage of flammable gases or vapors from one location to another. Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards
Seal, Explosion-proof Cable

Seal, Explosion-proof Cable

Definition(s)

Seal, Explosion-proof Cable

A cable termination fitting filled with compound and designed to contain an explosion in the enclosure to which it is attached or to minimize passage of flammable gases or vapors from one location to another. An explosion-proof conduit seal may also be used in combination with a cable termination fitting as an explosion-proof cable seal. Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards
Seal, Environmental

Seal, Environmental

Definition(s)

Seal, Environmental

A seal that uses O-rings, epoxy, molded elastomer, silicone compound, or potting compound to prevent corrosion due to moisture or vapors. Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards
Reduced Extreme Event

Reduced Extreme Event

Definition(s)

Reduced Extreme Event

An environmental event with a return period less than 100 years that can be used in combination with other rare events for accidental load cases. NOTE 1 There can be several reduced extreme environmental events. NOTE 2 The appropriate reduced extreme environmental event depends on the nature of the failure and the time to repair. NOTE 3 A 10 year return period is typical. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
QA/QC

QA/QC

Definition(s)

QA/QC

Quality Assurance/Quality Control Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Ovality

Ovality

Definition(s)

Ovality

Irregularity of the circular section of a component, quantified by the difference in the largest and smallest cross-sectional axes. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards

Ovality

Ratio of the difference between the maximum and minimum diameter to the sum of the maximum and minimum diameter of the pipe. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Normal Operating Pressure

Normal Operating Pressure

Definition(s)

Normal Operating Pressure

Maximum internal pressure that is sustained during normal operations referenced to a specific elevation. EXAMPLE For a production riser, normal operating pressure corresponds to steady state production. For an export riser, normal operating pressure usually corresponds to design pressure. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Maximum Operating Condition

Maximum Operating Condition

Definition(s)

Maximum Operating Condition

Operating condition defined by the operator as the maximum permissible for the system. NOTE The maximum operating condition can be different for each riser and can be different for different phases of the operation. For example, the maximum operating condition for hydrostatic test might be a one year winter storm, while the maximum operating condition during production might be a 100-year winter storm. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Make-up Tools

Make-up Tools

Definition(s)

Make-up Tools

Tools to facilitate the make-up of the riser joint connectors. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Incidental Pressure

Incidental Pressure

Definition(s)

Incidental Pressure

Temporary pressure increase due to incidental (i.e. transient) conditions. EXAMPLE Incidental pressure occurs in situations where the pressure increases temporarily due to surge, unintended shut in, well kill (bull heading), failure of a pressure protection system, or other incidental conditions. Incidental pressure can exceed design pressure temporarily. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
IM

IM

Definition(s)

IM

Integrity Management. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Hybrid Riser

Hybrid Riser

Definition(s)

Hybrid Riser

Riser with a free-standing vertical section connected to the seabed, supported by a subsurface buoyancy tank at the top and connected to the floating facility by flexible jumpers. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Serviceability Limit States

Serviceability Limit States

Definition(s)

Serviceability Limit States (SLS)

Corresponding to the criteria applicable to normal use or durability. Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global Standards
Strain-based Design

Strain-based Design

Definition(s)

Strain-based Design

Design where total nominal strain in any direction (excluding strain concentration) due to installation and operations exceeds 0.5 % at the OD surface. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Structural Riser Components

Structural Riser Components

Definition(s)

Structural Riser Components

Structural riser components are defined as components that are not pressurized or welded to pressurized riser components. Some examples of structural riser components are buoyancy cans, tensioners, porches, pull tubes, etc. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Survival Event

Survival Event

Definition(s)

Survival Event

A survival environmental condition with a return period between 100 years and 10,000 years. NOTE There can be several survival events. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
TDP

TDP

Definition(s)

TDP

Touchdown Point. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
TDZ

TDZ

Definition(s)

TDZ

touchdown zone. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
UOE

UOE

Definition(s)

UOE

pipe fabrication process for welded pipes, expanded. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Wear Allowance

Wear Allowance

Definition(s)

Wear Allowance

Amount of wall thickness added to the pipe or component to allow for corrosion/erosion/wear. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Vortex-induced Vibrations

Vortex-induced Vibrations

Definition(s)

Vortex-induced Vibrations

In-line and transverse oscillation of a riser in a current induced by the periodic shedding of vortices. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Flexible Joint

Flexible Joint

Definition(s)

Flexible Joint

Laminated metal and elastomer assembly, having a central through-passage equal to or greater in diameter than the interfacing pipe or tubing bore, that is positioned in the riser string to reduce the local bending stresses. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Fatigue Loads

Fatigue Loads

Definition(s)

Fatigue Loads

Fatigue loads are cyclic loads resulting in accumulated damage. Examples include loads due to FPS wave motion, direct wave loading on the riser, vortex-induced vibration and vortex-induced FPS motion. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
FAT Test Pressure

FAT Test Pressure

Definition(s)

FAT Test Pressure

Hydrostatic test pressure applied to riser components upon completion of manufacture and fabrication to test the riser components for strength and/or leak tightness. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Extreme Event

Extreme Event

Definition(s)

Extreme Event

An event having a 100-year return period, or an annual exceedence probability of 1 %. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards  

Extreme Event

An extreme metocean, seismic, and/or ice condition that a structure may be subjected to during its operational life. Source: API RP 2SIM, Structural Integrity Management of Fixed Offshore Structures, First Edition, November 2014. Global Standards
Extended Shut-in

Extended Shut-in

Definition(s)

Extended Shut-in

Closure of valve(s) at top of riser for a period that can last for days. EXAMPLE For production flowlines, the riser may be displaced to dead oil to limit the risk of formation of hydrates. Shut in conditions for each riser should be defined in the operating plan. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Erosion Allowance

Erosion Allowance

Definition(s)

Erosion Allowance

Amount of wall thickness added to the pipe or component to allow for corrosion/erosion/wear. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards