Expected Loads

Expected Loads

Definition(s)


Expected loads and response history

Expected load and response history for a specified time period, taking into account the number of load cycles and the resulting load levels and response for each cycle. Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global Standards
Expected Value

Expected Value

Definition(s)


Expected Value

First-order statistical moment of the probability density function for the considered variable that, in the case of a time-dependent parameter, can be associated with a specific reference period. Source: ISO 19901-7:2013, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Specific requirements for offshore structures – Part 7: Stationkeeping systems for floating offshore structures and mobile offshore units. Global Standards  

Expected Value

The most probable value of a load during a specified time period. Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global Standards  
Expendable Parts

Expendable Parts

Definition(s)


Expendable Parts

Parts normally used up or consumed in service. EXAMPLES Seals, gaskets, filters, packing, V-belts, covers, guards, breathers, drains and miscellaneous hardware and fasteners. Source: API RP 8B, Recommended Practice for Procedures for Inspections, Maintenance, Repair and Remanufacture of Hoisting Equipment, Seventh Edition, March 2002 (Reaffirmed: August 2012). Global Standards    
Expert

Expert

Definition(s)


Expert

Person assigned by an accreditation body to provide specific knowledge or expertise with respect to the scope of accreditation to be assessed. Source: ISO/IEC 17011:2004, Conformity assessment – General requirements for accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessment bodies. Global Standards  
Expert Operation

Expert Operation

Definition(s)


Expert Operation

Operating the IWCS with other control commands or other methods than used for normal operation. NOTE Typically used by IWCS supplier or other skilled resource to read IWCS diagnostic data and make (engineering) adjustments to IWCS equipment. Source: API SPEC 17F, Specification for Subsea Production Control Systems, Second Edition, December 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards    
Exploding Bridgewire Detonator

Exploding Bridgewire Detonator

Definition(s)


Exploding Bridgewire Detonator

A detonator utilizing a bridgewire but requiring a high-voltage, high-current pulse to initiate the device. It contains no primary explosive. Source: API RP 67, Recommended Practice for Oilfield Explosives Safety, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, May 2007. Global Standards
Exploding Foil Initiator

Exploding Foil Initiator

Definition(s)


Exploding Foil Initiator

A detonator utilizing a metallic foil, which when vaporized by a high-voltage pulse, drives a flyer plate into a secondary explosive pellet, initiating the explosive. It contains no primary explosive. Source: API RP 67, Recommended Practice for Oilfield Explosives Safety, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, May 2007. Global Standards
Exploit

Exploit

Definition(s)


Exploit

A technique to breach the security of a network or information system in violation of security policy. Adapted from: ISO/IEC 27039 (draft) Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards
Exploitation Analysis

Exploitation Analysis

Definition(s)


Exploitation Analysis

In the NICE Workforce Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Analyzes collected information to identify vulnerabilities and potential for exploitation. From: NICE Workforce Framework. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards
Exploration

Exploration

Definition(s)


Exploration

'Exploration' means drilling into a prospect and all related offshore oil and gas operations necessary prior to production-related operations. Source: DIRECTIVE 2013/30/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 June 2013 on safety of offshore oil and gas operations and amending Directive 2004/35/EC. Legislation

Exploration

Exploration means the commercial search for oil, gas, or sulphur. Activities classified as exploration include but are not limited to:
  1. Geophysical and geological (G&G) surveys using magnetic, gravity, seismic reflection, seismic refraction, gas sniffers, coring, or other systems to detect or imply the presence of oil, gas, or sulphur; and
  2. Any drilling conducted for the purpose of searching for commercial quantities of oil, gas, and sulphur, including the drilling of any additional well needed to delineate any reservoir to enable the lessee to decide whether to proceed with development and production.
Source: Oil and Gas and Sulphur Operations in the Outer Continental Shelf, 30 CFR 250 (2013). Regulations  

Exploration

Exploration means the process of searching for minerals, including, but not limited to,
  1. Geophysical surveys where magnetic, gravity, seismic, or other systems are used to detect or imply the presence of such minerals, and
  2. Any drilling, whether on or off known geological structures, including the drilling of a well in which a discovery of oil or natural gas in paying quantities is made and the drilling of any additional delineation well after the discovery which is needed to delineate any reservoir and to enable the lessee to determine whether to proceed with development and production.
Source: Outer Continental Shelf Activities, 33 CFR 140-147 (2013). Regulations  

Exploration

Geological, petrophysical, geophysical, geochemical and geotechnical activities, including shallow drilling, as well as operation and use of a facility to the extent it is used for the purpose of exploration. Source: Act 29 November 1996 No. 72 Relating to Petroleum Activities, Norway, amended June 2011. Legislation  

Exploration

Geophysical, seismographic and geological operations, including their administrative and engineering aspects, construction, maintenance, materials supply, and transportation of personnel and equipment; excludes drilling. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global Standards  

Exploratie (Dutch)

„exploratie”: het boren op vindplaatsen en alle daarmee verband houdende offshore olie- en gasactiviteiten die noodzakelijk zijn voordat met de productieactiviteiten wordt begonnen.  

Exploration (French)

«exploration», le forage d’un prospect et toutes les opérations pétrolières et gazières connexes en mer nécessaires avant le lancement des opérations liées à la production.  

Efterforskning (Danish)

»efterforskning«: boring i et prospekt og alle tilknyttede offshore olie- og gasaktiviteter, der er nødvendige forud for produktionsrelaterede aktiviteter.  

Exploración (Spanish)

«exploración»: la perforación en un objetivo exploratorio así como todas las operaciones pertinentes relacionadas con el petróleo y el gas mar adentro que sean necesarias antes de las operaciones relativas a la producción.  

Explorare (Romanian)

„explorare” înseamnă forarea în terenul prospectat și toate operațiunile petroliere și gaziere offshore necesare înainte de operațiunile legate de producție.  

Exploration (German)

„Exploration“ das Niederbringen einer Erkundungsbohrung und alle damit zusammenhängenden Offshore-Erdöl- und -Erdgasaktivitäten, die vor Beginn des Förderbetriebs erforderlich sind.  

εξερεύνηση (Greek)

«εξερεύνηση» σημαίνει την ανόρυξη γεώτρησης σε περιοχή αναζήτησης και όλες τις συναφείς υπεράκτιες εργασίες πετρελαίου και φυσικού αερίου πριν από τις εργασίες που σχετίζονται με την παραγωγή.3  

Esplorazione (Italian)

«esplorazione»: perforazione nell’ambito di una prospezione e tutte le operazioni in mare connesse nel settore degli idrocarburi che devono essere effettuate prima delle operazioni connesse alla produzione.  

Poszukiwanie (Polish)

„poszukiwanie” oznacza wiercenia poszukiwawcze i wszelką powiązaną działalność związaną ze złożami ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego na obszarach morskich, niezbędną do rozpoczęcia działalności związanej z wydobyciem.  

Pesquisa (Portuguese)

«Pesquisa», a realização de sondagens para a avaliação de prospetos e todas as operações conexas offshore de petróleo e gás que é necessário efetuar antes das operações relacionadas com a produção.  

Prospektering (Swedish)

prospektering: borrning i ett prospekteringsområde och all relaterad olje- och gasverksamhet till havs som föregår produktionsrelaterad verksamhet.  

Etsinnällä (Finnish)

’etsinnällä’ tarkoitetaan esiintymän porausta ja kaikkea siihen liittyvää merellä tapahtuvaa öljyn- ja kaasunporaustoimintaa, joka on tarpeen ennen tuotantoon liittyvää toimintaa.3  

Raziskovanje (Slovenian)

„raziskovanje“ pomeni vrtanje v morebitno nahajališče in vse povezane naftne in plinske dejavnosti na morju, ki so potrebne pred dejavnostmi, povezanimi s proizvodnjo.  

Prieskum (Slovak)

„prieskum“ je vrt v prieskumnom území a všetky súvisiace operácie prieskumu ložísk a ťažby ropy a zemného plynu na mori, ktoré je treba vykonať pred operáciami súvisiacimi s ťažbou.  

žvalgymas (Lithuanian)

žvalgymas – žvalgomųjų gręžinių gręžimas ir visos susijusios naftos ir dujų operacijos jūroje, kurias būtina atlikti prieš atliekant su gavyba susijusias operacijas.  

Feltárás (Hungarian)

„feltárás”: fúrás valamely potenciális olaj- vagy gázlelőhelyen, továbbá a termeléshez kapcsolódó tevékenységeket megelőzően szükséges valamennyi kapcsolódó tengeri olaj- és gázipari tevékenység.  

Esplorazzjoni (Maltese)

‘esplorazzjoni’ tfisser it-tħaffir fi prospett u l-operazzjonijiet kollha relatati taż-żejt u tal-gass offshore meħtieġa qabel l-operazzjonijiet relatati mal-produzzjoni.  

Izpēte (Latvian)

“izpēte” ir urbšana atradnē un visas ar to saistītās naftas un gāzes nozares darbības jūrā, kas jāveic, pirms tiek sāktas ar ieguvi saistītas darbības.  

Uuringud (Estonian)

„uuringud”– puurimine võimalikus maardlas ja igasugused sellega seotud avamere nafta- ja gaasiammutamisprotsessid, mis on vajalikud enne tootmisprotsesside alustamist.  

Průzkumem (Czech)

„průzkumem“ vrtání vrtů do výhledového místa a související činnosti v odvětví ropy a zemního plynu nutné dříve, než dojde k činnostem souvisejícím s těžbou.  

проучване (Bulgarian)

„проучване“ означава сондирането в даден участък и всички съответни свързани с нефт и газ дейности в крайбрежни води, необходими на етапа преди свързаните с добива дейности.      
Exploratory Grind

Exploratory Grind

Definition(s)


Exploratory Grind (or Probe Grind) (Noun)

Grind performed to explore or determine the depth of an imperfection. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
Explosion

Explosion

Definition(s)


Explosion

An explosion is the bursting or rupture of a building or a container due to development of internal pressures. Source: API RP 75, Recommended Practice for Development of a Safety and Environmental Management Program for Offshore Operations and Facilities: Upstream Segment, Third Edition, May 2004. Global Standards  

Explosion

A release of energy resulting from an LOPC that causes a pressure discontinuity or blast wave (e.g. detonations, deflagrations, and rapid releases of high pressure caused by a rupture of equipment or piping). Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global Standards  

Explosion

“Explosion” means unplanned explosion. Source: The Offshore Installations (Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response) Regulations 1995, S.I. 1995/743, 1995. Regulations
Explosive Atmosphere

Explosive Atmosphere

Definition(s)


Explosive Atmosphere

Mixture with air, under atmospheric conditions, of flammable substances in the form of gas, vapour, mist or dust, in which, after ignition, combustion spreads throughout the unconsumed mixture. [IEV 426-02-02, modified] Source: IEC 61892-7, Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations – Part 7: Hazardous areas. Global Standards  
Explosive Gas Atmosphere

Explosive Gas Atmosphere

Definition(s)


Explosive Gas Atmosphere (Gas Properties)

Mixture with air, under normal atmospheric conditions, of flammable substances in the form of gas or vapour, in which, after ignition, self-sustaining flame propagation. NOTE 1 This definition specifically excludes dusts and fibres in suspension in air. Mists are not covered by this standard. NOTE 2 Although a mixture that has a concentration above the upper flammable limit (see 3.1.9) is not an explosive atmosphere, in certain cases for area classification purposes, it is advisable to consider it as an explosive gas atmosphere. NOTE 3 Normal atmospheric conditions include variations above and below the reference levels of 101,3 kPa and 20 °C provided the variations have a negligible effect on the explosive properties of the flammable materials. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global Standards  

Explosive Gas Atmosphere

Mixture with air, under atmospheric conditions, of flammable substances in the form of gas or vapour in which, after ignition, combustion spreads throughout the unconsumed mixture [IEV 426-02-03, modified]. NOTE Although a mixture which has a concentration above the upper explosive limit (UEL) is not an explosive gas atmosphere, it can readily become so and, in certain cases for area classification purposes, it is advisable to consider it as an explosive gas atmosphere. Source: IEC 61892-7, Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations – Part 7: Hazardous areas. Global Standards  
Explosive Limits

Explosive Limits

Definition(s)


Explosive Limits

The explosive limits of a gas or vapor are the lower and upper percentages by volume of concentration of gas in a gas-air mixture that will form an ignitable mixture, see Appendix to ISA RP12.13, Part II for U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 627, Flammability Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors. Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards  

Explosive Limits

NOTE The terms "explosive limit" and "flammable limit" are equivalent. IEC 60079-20 and IEC 61779-1 use the term "flammable limit" whilst all the other standards use the more widely accepted term "explosive limit". Source: IEC 61892-7, Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations – Part 7: Hazardous areas. Global Standards
Explosive/Flammability Limits/Range

Explosive/Flammability Limits/Range

Definition(s)


Explosive/Flammability Limits/Range

Explosive/flammability limits/range are the conditions defining the state of fuel-oxidant mixture at which application of an adequately strong external ignition source is only just capable of producing flammability in a given test apparatus. Source: Resolution MEPC.119(52), 2004 amendments to the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code), 15 October 2004. Regulatory guidance, International Maritime Organization
Exposed

Exposed

Definition(s)


Exposed (as applied to live parts)

Capable of being inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance by a person. It is applied to all parts that are not suitably guarded, isolated, or insulated; see accessible and concealed (NEC). Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards  

Exposed (as applied to wiring methods)

On or attached to the surface or behind panels designed to allow access; see accessible: as applied to wiring methods (NEC). Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards
Exposed Bolting

Exposed Bolting

Definition(s)


Exposed Bolting

Bolting exposed directly to a sour environment or that is buried, insulated, equipped with flange protectors, or is otherwise denied open atmosphere or open seawater exposure. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Exposed Bolting

Bolting that is exposed directly to the sour environment or that is buried, insulated, equipped with flange protectors, or otherwise denied direct atmospheric exposure. Source: API SPEC 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Twentieth Edition, October 2010 (Addendum November 2012). Global Standards
Exposed Component

Exposed Component

Definition(s)


Exposed Component

Flow-wetted component (3.13), internally wetted component (3.18), and/or component contacted by well fluid below the packing element. Source: API SPEC 11D1, Packers and Bridge Plugs, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, July 2009. Global Standards
Exposed Conductive Part

Exposed Conductive Part

Definition(s)


Exposed Conductive Part

conductive part which can readily be touched and which is not normally alive, but which may become alive under fault conditions Note 1 to entry: Typical exposed conductive parts are walls of enclosures, operating handles, etc. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441.11.10]. Source: IEC 61892-6, Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations – Part 6: Installation, Third Edition, December  2013. Global Standards  

Exposed Conductive Part

conductive part not forming a part of the electrical installation and liable to introduce an electric potential, generally the potential of a local earth [SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195.06.11] Source: IEC 61892-6, Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations – Part 6: Installation, Third Edition, December  2013. Global Standards

Exposed Conductive Part

Conductive part which can readily be touched and which is not normally alive, but which may become alive under fault conditions. NOTE Typical exposed conductive parts are walls of enclosures, operating handles, etc. Source: IEC 61892-6, Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations – Part 6: Installation. Global Standards  

Exposed Conductive Part

Conductive part which can readily be touched and which may become alive under fault conditions. NOTE Typical exposed conductive parts are walls of enclosures, operating handles, etc. Source: IEC 61892-7, Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations – Part 7: Hazardous areas. Global Standards  
Exposure

Exposure

Definition(s)


Exposure

Extent to which an organization and/or stakeholder (3.2.1.1) is subject to an event (3.5.1.3). Source: ISO Guide 73:2009(E/F), Risk Management – Vocabulary, First Edition, 2009. Global Standards  

Exposure

The condition of being unprotected, thereby allowing access to information or access to capabilities that an attacker can use to enter a system or network. Adapted from: NCSD glossary. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards
Exposure Category

Exposure Category

Definition(s)


Exposure Category

The classification used to categorize the platform consequence of failure based on the consideration of life safety, environmental pollution, and business disruption. Source: API RP 2SIM, Structural Integrity Management of Fixed Offshore Structures, First Edition, November 2014. Global Standards
Exposure Level

Exposure Level

Definition(s)


Exposure Level

Classification system used to define the requirements for a structure based on consideration of life-safety and of environmental and economic consequences of failure. NOTE 1 An exposure level 1 (L1) jack-up is the most critical and exposure level 3 (L3) the least (see 5.5). NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 19902:2007, definition 3.18. Source: ISO 19905-1:202, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units – Part 1: Jack-ups. Global Standards Source: ISO 19900:2013, Petroleum and natural gas industries – General requirements for offshore structures. Global Standards
Exposure Limit

Exposure Limit

Definition(s)


Exposure Limit

For chemical agents, a measure of the maximum airborne concentration limits for toxic substances to which workers may be exposed without protection (e.g., respirators). Exposure limits are usually expressed in parts per million or milligrams per cubic meter. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) from the manufacturer or supplier of the material should list exposure limits. API RP 2201, Safe Hot Tapping Practices in the Petroleum & Petrochemical Industries, Fifth Edition, July 2003 (Reaffirmed October 2010), Global Standards API RP 2009, Safe Welding, Cutting, and Hot Work Practices in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, Seventh Edition, February 2002 (Reaffirmed, March 2012), Global Standards
EXT

EXT

Definition(s)


EXT

Extended. Source: API RP 17A, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, Fourth Edition, Reaffirmed 2011. Global Standards
Extended leak off test

Extended leak off test

Definition(s)


Extended leak off test

Application of pressure by superimposing a surface pressure on a fluid column in order to determine the pressure at which a fracture propagates into the exposed formation and also establishes the fracture closure pressure. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards
Extended Range

Extended Range

Definition(s)


Extended Range

Range outside the rated range in which the manufacturer defines the operational characteristics based on test data. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards
Extended Shut-in

Extended Shut-in

Definition(s)


Extended Shut-in

Closure of valve(s) at top of riser for a period that can last for days. EXAMPLE For production flowlines, the riser may be displaced to dead oil to limit the risk of formation of hydrates. Shut in conditions for each riser should be defined in the operating plan. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards
Extending Accreditation

Extending Accreditation

Definition(s)


Extending Accreditation

Process of enlarging the scope of accreditation. Source: ISO/IEC 17011:2004, Conformity assessment – General requirements for accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessment bodies. Global Standards  
Extension Sub

Extension Sub

Definition(s)


Extension Sub

Sealing tubular member that provides tree-bore continuity between adjacent tree components. Source: API SPEC 17D, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—Subsea Wellhead and Tree Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition May 2011 (Errata September 2011). Global Standards