Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Construction Loads
Definition(s)
Construction Loads
Construction loads are loads which arise as a result of the construction of the riser system including installation, pressure testing, commissioning, maintenance and repair. Examples include transportation, fabrication, installation and retrieval loads. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global StandardsComponent, Protective
Definition(s)
Component, protective (as applied to intrinsic safety)
A component that is so unlikely to become defective in a manner that will lower the intrinsic safety of the circuit that it may be considered not subject to fault when analyses or tests for intrinsic safety are made. Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global StandardsComponent, make/break
Definition(s)
Component, make/break
Components having contacts that can interrupt a circuit (even if the interruption is transient in nature). Examples of make/break components are relays, circuit breakers, servo potentiometers, adjustable resistors, switches, connectors, and motor brushes. Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global StandardsComponent, make/break
Components having contacts that can interrupt a circuit (even if the interruption is transient in nature). Examples of make/break components are relays, circuit breakers, servo potentiometers, adjustable resistors, switches, connectors, and motor brushes. Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global StandardsBuoyancy Modules
Definition(s)
Buoyancy Modules
Structures of low weight materials, usually foamed polymers strapped or clamped to the exterior of riser joints, to reduce the submerged weight of the riser. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global StandardsAUT
Definition(s)
AUT
Automated Ultrasonic Examination. Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsAUT
Automated ultrasonic testing. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global StandardsAccidental Limit State
Definition(s)
Accidental Limit State
Events with an annual probability of exceedance less than 10-2 and larger than 10-4.- NOTE: 1 The accidental limit state (ALS) corresponds to conditions with a longer return period than ULS. ALS requires that the system survive, but has a higher risk of damage than ULS conditions.
- NOTE: 2 When considering potential damaged conditions, the damage should not lead to an escalation of undesirable events.
- EXAMPLE A failed mooring line, a flooded compartment, a tensioner failure, a tubing leak or unintended shut in conditions are some ALS cases.
Accidental Loads
Definition(s)
Accidental Loads
Accidental loads are loads caused by accidental occurrences. Examples include 1000-yr wave and current loads, operational malfunction, and loads from impacts/collisions. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global StandardsAccidental Loads
Loads imposed on the riser system from unplanned conditions/occurrences during a reduced extreme environmental event or by survival environmental events. EXAMPLE Loads resulting from loss of vessel station-keeping and tensioner lock-up are examples of accidental loads Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global StandardsAccidental Loads
Accidental loads are loads which occur as a direct result of an accident or exceptional circumstances, e.g., loads due to collisions, dropped objects and explosions, etc. See also 4.16. Source: Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Mobile Offshore Units, Part 4, Steel Unit Structures, June 2013, Lloyd’s Register, Global StandardsAccidental Loads
Accidental loads are project-specific, and should be verified by a special risk analysis for the actual application. Accidental loads can include dropped objects, snag loads (fishing gear, anchors), abnormal environmental loads (earthquake), etc. Source: API RP 17A, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, Fourth Edition, Reaffirmed 2011. Global StandardsAccidental Loads
Accidental loads (or low probability of occurrence loads) are loads related to abnormal operations or technical failure. Accidental loads are defined as events with a probability less than 10−2 and larger than 10−4. EXAMPLES Loads caused by vessel tensioner system failure or motion compensator system failure, e.g. loss of top tension or heave compensator lock-up, loss of dynamic positioning system (drive-off or drift-off) are examples of accidental loads. Loads caused by emergency operation, loss of buoyancy, change in intended pressure difference, unintended change in ballast distribution, fire, explosions, collision impact from infrequent vessel/riser interference, dropped objects and extreme environmental conditions are also accidental. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global StandardsAccidental Loads
“Accidental loads” means loads which the facility can be subjected to in the event of incorrect use, technical failure or an undesirable external effect. Source: Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules, 2008, India, 18th June 2008. RegulationsServicing
Definition(s)
Servicing
Product maintenance, adjustment, repair, and/or on-site installation when installation is required by applicable product specifications. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsQP
Definition(s)
QP
quality plan. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsQM
Definition(s)
QM
Quality manual. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsQAP
Definition(s)
QAP
Quality activity plan. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsPCP
Definition(s)
PCP
process control plan. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsOutsourced Activity
Definition(s)
Outsourced Activity
Function or process that is performed by an external supplier on behalf of the organization. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsOutsource
Definition(s)
Outsource
Function or process that is performed by an external supplier on behalf of the organization. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsOutsource
Make an arrangement where an external organization performs part of an organization’s function or process.- Note 1 to entry: An external organization is outside the scope of the management system, although the outsourced function or process is within the scope.
MAC
Definition(s)
MAC
Media access control. Source: DNVGL-RP-G108, Cyber security in the oil and gas industry based on IEC 62443, DNV GL, September 2017. Global StandardsMAC
Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, products, and services established by the organization to achieve conformity to the manufacturing or servicing requirements. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsMAC
Manufacturing acceptance criteria. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsManagement [noun]
Definition(s)
Management [noun]
Person or group of people, as defined by the organization, who directs and controls all or part of a facility, location, department, or other function; has the fiscal responsibility for the organization, and is accountable for ensuring compliance with legal and other applicable requirements. NOTE For some organizations, top management (see ISO 9000) and management are the same. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsFirst Article
Definition(s)
First Article
Representative sample of a product, component, or output from a process used to verify that prescribed activities have satisfied the requirements as specified by the organization. NOTE Samples can include trial purchases and prototypes. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsWROV
Definition(s)
WROV
work class ROV. Source: API Recommended Practice 17H, Remotely Operated Tools and Interfaces on Subsea Production Systems, Second Edition, June 2013 (Addendum 1, October 2014). Global StandardsTie-in System
Definition(s)
Tie-in System
Integrated or separate pull-in and connection related equipment. Source: API Recommended Practice 17H, Remotely Operated Tools and Interfaces on Subsea Production Systems, Second Edition, June 2013 (Addendum 1, October 2014). Global StandardsThrough Frame Lift
Definition(s)
Through Frame Lift
Maximum in air load capacity of ROV frame for underslung packages and tooling. Source: API Recommended Practice 17H, Remotely Operated Tools and Interfaces on Subsea Production Systems, Second Edition, June 2013 (Addendum 1, October 2014). Global StandardsTermination Head
Definition(s)
Termination Head
Part of the tie-in system interfacing with the end of the pipeline or flowline. Source: API Recommended Practice 17H, Remotely Operated Tools and Interfaces on Subsea Production Systems, Second Edition, June 2013 (Addendum 1, October 2014). Global StandardsSkid System
Definition(s)
Skid System
Storage, transportation, lifting, and testing frames to facilitate movement of the ROT systems and the modules and components to be replaced or installed. NOTE Skids are used in combination with a skidding system. Source: API Recommended Practice 17H, Remotely Operated Tools and Interfaces on Subsea Production Systems, Second Edition, June 2013 (Addendum 1, October 2014). Global StandardsROV Toolskids
Definition(s)
ROV Toolskids
Equipment skids or packages that can be attached onto the external surface of the ROV and are used to perform dedicated tasks. Source: API Recommended Practice 17H, Remotely Operated Tools and Interfaces on Subsea Production Systems, Second Edition, June 2013 (Addendum 1, October 2014). Global StandardsROT System
Definition(s)
ROT System
Dedicated, unmanned, subsea tools used for installation and inspection, maintenance, and repair (IMR) tasks that require lift and/or handling capacity beyond that of free-swimming ROV systems. NOTE The ROT system comprises wire-suspended tools with control system and support-handling system for performing dedicated subsea intervention tasks. They are usually deployed on lift wires or a combined lift wire/umbilical. Lateral guidance may be via guidelines, dedicated thrusters, or ROV assistance. Source: API Recommended Practice 17H, Remotely Operated Tools and Interfaces on Subsea Production Systems, Second Edition, June 2013 (Addendum 1, October 2014). Global StandardsRemotely Operated Tool System
Definition(s)
Remotely Operated Tool System
Dedicated, unmanned, subsea tools used for installation and inspection, maintenance, and repair (IMR) tasks that require lift and/or handling capacity beyond that of free-swimming ROV systems. NOTE The ROT system comprises wire-suspended tools with control system and support-handling system for performing dedicated subsea intervention tasks. They are usually deployed on lift wires or a combined lift wire/umbilical. Lateral guidance may be via guidelines, dedicated thrusters, or ROV assistance. Source: API Recommended Practice 17H, Remotely Operated Tools and Interfaces on Subsea Production Systems, Second Edition, June 2013 (Addendum 1, October 2014). Global StandardsPayload
Definition(s)
Payload <CCU>
The maximum permissible mass or weight of cargo that is authorized for transport by the CCU.
Source: API Standard 2CCU, Offshore Cargo Carrying Units, First Edition, August 2017. Global Standards