Factor of Safety for Creep Failure

Factor of Safety for Creep Failure

Definition(s)

Factor of Safety for Creep Failure

The factor of safety for creep failure is defined as the predicted creep failure life divided by service life of the mooring rope.

Source: API RP 2SM Design, Manufacture, Installation, and Maintenance of Synthetic Fiber Ropes for Offshore Mooring, Second Edition, July 2014. Global Standards
Factor used in

Factor used in

Definition(s)

Factor used in

Factor used in working stress design and fatigue evaluation.

Source: API Technical Report 17TR7, Verification and Validation of Subsea Connectors, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards
Factory Acceptance Test (FAT)

Factory Acceptance Test (FAT)

Definition(s)

Factory Acceptance Test

Test conducted by the manufacturer to verify that the manufacture of a specific assembly meets all intended functional and operational requirements. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards

Factory Acceptance Test (FAT)

Series of tests carried out on the completed umbilical component or complete umbilical to demonstrate the integrity of the item under test. Source: API SPEC 17E, Specification for Subsea Umbilicals, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, October 2010. Global Standards  

Factory Acceptance Test (FAT)

Final testing at the manufacturers site prior to shipment. Source: Verification of Lifting Appliances for the Oil and Gas Industry, DNV-OSS-308, October 2010, Det Norske Veritas AS, Global Standards
Factory Acceptance Testing

Factory Acceptance Testing

Definition(s)

Factory Acceptance Testing

Testing by the manufacturer to verify product performance to applicable specifications.

Source: API Specification 16Q, Design, Selection, Operation, and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, Second Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Factory Acceptance Testing

Testing by a manufacturer of a particular product to validate its conformance to performance specifications and ratings. Source: API RP 16Q, Recommended Practice for Design, Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, First Edition, November 1993 (Reaffirmed August 2001). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16D, Specification for Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment and Control Systems for Diverter Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, July 2004. Global Standards Source: ISO 13624-1:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Drilling and production equipment – Part 1:Design and operation of marine drilling riser equipment. Global Standards  

Factory Acceptance Test (FAT)

Test conducted by the manufacturer to verify that the manufacture of a specific assembly meets all intended functional and operational requirements. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards
Fail Safe

Fail Safe

Definition(s)

Fail Safe

Term applied to equipment or a system so designed that, in the event of failure or malfunction of any part of the system, devices are automatically activated to stabilize or secure the safety of the operation. Source: API RP 16Q, Recommended Practice for Design, Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, First Edition, November 1993 (Reaffirmed August 2001). Global Standards Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards Source: ISO 13624-1:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Drilling and production equipment – Part 1:Design and operation of marine drilling riser equipment. Global Standards  
Fail-Closed Valve

Fail-Closed Valve

Definition(s)

Fail-Closed Valve

Actuated valve designed to fail to the closed position. Source: API SPEC 17D, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—Subsea Wellhead and Tree Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition May 2011 (Errata September 2011). Global Standards  
Fail-Open Valve

Fail-Open Valve

Definition(s)

Fail-Open Valve

Actuated valve designed to fail to the open position. Source: API SPEC 17D, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—Subsea Wellhead and Tree Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition May 2011 (Errata September 2011). Global Standards  
Fail-operational

Fail-operational

Definition(s)

Fail-operational

A system that continues to operate (e.g. to actively motion compensate) in case of a single failure in the control system. Source: Offshore Gangways, DNVGL-ST-0358, DNV GL, September 2017. Global Standards
Fail-passive

Fail-passive

Definition(s)

Fail-passive

A system that loses partly or completely its functionality (e.g. to actively motion compensate) in case of control system single failure The system can still be manually controlled.

Source: Offshore Gangways, DNVGL-ST-0358, DNV GL, September 2017. Global Standards
Fail-Safe System

Fail-Safe System

Definition(s)

Fail-Safe System

The fail-safe system is based on a design which has reduced the effect of potentially dangerous failures as far as practically possible. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards
Failsafe

Failsafe

Definition(s)

Failsafe

Term applied to equipment of system so designed that, in the event of failure or malfunction of any part on the system, devices are automatically activated to stabilize or secure the safety of the operation.

Source: API Specification 16Q, Design, Selection, Operation, and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, Second Edition, April 2017. Global Standards
Failure

Failure

Definition(s)

Failure

Loss of structural integrity and/or transmission of fluid leakage through the wall of a component or a joint.

Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards

Failure

An occurrence in a component or system that causes one or both of the following effects:
  • loss of component or system function
  • deterioration of functional capability to such an extent that the safety of the vessel, personnel or environment protection is significantly reduced.
Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1580, GUIDELINES FOR VESSELS AND UNITS WITH DYNAMIC POSITIONING (DP) SYSTEMS, 16 June 2017, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance  

Failure

Failure means an occurrence in a component or system that causes one or both of the following effects:
  1. loss of component or system function; and/or
  2. deterioration of functional capability to such an extent that the safety of the vessel, personnel or environment protection is significantly reduced.
Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1580, GUIDELINES FOR VESSELS AND UNITS WITH DYNAMIC POSITIONING (DP) SYSTEMS, 16 June 2017, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance

Failure

Loss of ability to perform as required. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards  

Failure

The inability of a system or component to perform its required functions within specified performance requirements. From: NCSD Glossary. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards  

Failure

Loss of ability to perform as required Note 1 to entry: A failure of an item is an event, as distinct from a fault of an item, which is a state (see Figure 8). [SOURCE: IEC 60050 −191]   FIG.8 Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards

Failure

Event causing an undesirable condition, e.g. loss of component or system function, or deterioration of functional capability to such an extent that the safety of the unit, personnel or environment is significantly reduced.
  • NOTE: Examples are structural failure (excessive yielding, buckling, rupture, leakage) or operational limitations (excessive riser tensioner stroke).
Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards  

Failure

Any equipment condition that prevents it from performing to the requirements of the functional specification. Source: API SPEC 14A, Specification for Subsurface Safety Valve Equipment, Eleventh Edition, October 2005 (Reaffirmed June 2012). Global Standards  

Failure

Event causing an undesirable condition, e.g. loss of component or system function, or deterioration of functional capability to such an extent that the safety of the unit, personnel or environment is significantly reduced.
  • EXAMPLE Structural failure (excessive yielding, buckling, rupture, leakage) or operational limitations (slick joint protection length, clearance).
Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards

Failure

Improper performance of a device or equipment that prevents completion of its design function. Source: API RP 7G-2, Recommended Practice for Inspection and Classification of Used Drill Stem Elements, First Edition, August 2009. Global Standards Source: API RP 7G, Recommended Practice for Drill Stem Design and Operating Limits, Upstream Segment, Sixteenth Edition, August 1998 (Addendum 2: September 2009). Global Standards  

Failure

Termination of the ability of an item to perform a required function.
  • NOTE: 1 After the failure, the item has a fault.
  • NOTE: 2 “Failure” is an event, as distinguished from a “fault,” which is a state.
  • NOTE: 3 This concept as defined does not apply to items consisting of software only.
  • NOTE: 4 See also Table B.1 and Clauses F.2 and F.3.
Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards  

Failure

Termination of the ability of an item to perform a required function. NOTE 1 After failure, the item has a fault. NOTE 2 “Failure” is an event, as distinguished from “fault”, which is a state. Source: ISO 20815:2008, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Production assurance and reliability management. Global Standards
Failure Cause or Root Cause

Failure Cause or Root Cause

Definition(s)

Failure Cause or Root Cause

Circumstances associated with design, manufacture, installation, use and maintenance that have led to a failure. NOTE See also B.2.3. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards  

Failure Cause

Circumstances during design, manufacture or use that have led to a failure. NOTE Generic failure cause codes applicable for equipment failures are defined in ISO 14224:2006, B.2.3. Source: ISO 20815:2008, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Production assurance and reliability management. Global Standards  
Failure Classification

Failure Classification

Definition(s)

Failure Classification

Explanations about the various states and the various failures of a safety system are developed in Annex B. Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards
Failure Data

Failure Data

Definition(s)

Failure Data

Specific equipment unit within an equipment class as defined by its boundary (e.g. one pump). Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards  

Failure Data

Data characterizing the occurrence of a failure event. Source: ISO 20815:2008, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Production assurance and reliability management. Global Standards  
Failure Due to Demand

Failure Due to Demand

Definition(s)

Failure Due to Demand

failure occurring on demand γ, ψ failure of one item due to a change of its state triggered by an external event (the so-called “demand”) EXAMPLE 1 Obtaining 2 when launching a dice is an event occurring on demand. The probability of this event is 1/6. It does not depend on the elapsing time but only of the demand itself (i.e. the fact that the dice is launched). EXAMPLE 2 The failure of an electromechanical relay (e.g. rupture of the spring) when it changes state depends on the number of operations (cycles) rather on the operating time (see IEC 61810–2[49]) and this is the same for the failure of an electronic device due to over voltage when it is switched or the blocking of a diesel engine when it is started, etc.: these are typical examples of failures due to demands (or cycles). Note 1 to entry: In this Technical Report two kinds of demand are considered: the periodic tests and the demand for an actual safety action. The probability of a failure due to periodic test is a constant number noted γ and the probability of a failure due to one actual demand of the safety action is a constant number noted ψ. Over a given time interval, those probabilities of failure do not depend on the duration but on the number of demands or tests occurring within this interval. The use of γ and ψ is explained in 7.3. Note 2 to entry: This should not be confused with the “failure on demand” appearing in the term “probability of failure on demand” (see 3.1.14, Note 2 to entry) used in functional safety standards[2] for low demand mode safety systems. In those standards this means “failures likely to be observed when a demand occurs”. Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards
Failure Frequency

Failure Frequency

Definition(s)

Failure Frequency

3.1.22 unconditional failure intensity w(t) conditional probability per unit of time that the item fails between t and t+dt, provided that it was working at time 0 failure frequency Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards
Failure Load

Failure Load

Definition(s)

Failure Load

Load at which the pipe body or connection will fail catastrophically as in an axial separation, a rupture, large permanent deformation (e.g. buckling or collapse) or massive loss of sealing integrity. Source: API RP 5C5, Recommended Practice on Procedures for Testing Casing and Tubing Connections, Third Edition, July 2003 (Reaffirmed August 2010). Global Standards  
Failure Mechanism

Failure Mechanism

Definition(s)

Failure Mechanism

Physical, chemical or other process that leads to a failure. NOTE See also B.2.2. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. GlobalStandards  
Failure Mode

Failure Mode

Definition(s)

Failure Mode

Effect by which a failure is observed on the failed item. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards

Failure Mode

Effect by which a failure is observed on the failed item. NOTE: See also B.2.6. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. GlobalStandards  

Failure Mode

Effect by which a failure is observed on the failed item. NOTE Failure-mode codes are defined for some equipment classes in ISO 14224:2006, B.2.6. Source: ISO 20815:2008, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Production assurance and reliability management. Global Standards
Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis

Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis

Definition(s)

Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis

Analysis usually performed after an FMEA (3.21) which can be based on the probability that the failure mode will result in system failure, or the level of risk associated with the failure mode, or a risk’s priority.

Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

Definition(s)

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) means a systematic analysis of systems and sub-systems to a level of detail that identifies all potential failure modes down to the appropriate sub-system level and their consequences.

Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1580, GUIDELINES FOR VESSELS AND UNITS WITH DYNAMIC POSITIONING (DP) SYSTEMS, 16 June 2017, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

A systematic analysis of systems and sub-systems to a level of detail that identifies all potential failure modes down to the appropriate sub-system level and their consequences. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

FMEA is a methodology developed during the 1940s by the U.S. armed forces. It was later used in aerospace. It was applied to hazard analysis and critical control point during the race to the Moon. It was introduced to the automotive industry in the 1970s. The oil and gas sector started using FMEA in the late 1990s. The FMEA methodology is currently an accepted practice used by the many oil and gas companies and suppliers as part of their toolkit in various areas of operations and design. The FMEA is designed to identify failure modes and hazards affecting a focus item (focus items can be a component, a subsystem, or a system). The main goal is to come up with solutions to prevent the failure from happening, hence, improving the reliability of the focus item. It is preferably applied at as many levels as feasible of the system in question to include more specific solutions. The narrower the focus of the FMEA, the more specific the solution to the problem. FMEA has been used extensively in other industries, and it is becoming an integral part of the development process in the upstream oil and gas industry. The FMEA table follows the validation process discussed in the main document and presented in Figure C.1. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

A hazard identification technique in which known failure modes of components or features of a system are considered and undesired outcomes are noted.  FMEA is related to Fault Tree and Event Tree Analyses. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a tabulation of each item of equipment, its failure modes, and the effects on a system of any such failure. The FMEA technique concentrates on the cause and effect of failure of individual components or systems. Source: Approved Code of Practice for Managing Hazards to Prevent Major Industrial Accidents, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Department of Labour, New Zealand, July 1994. Regulatory Guidance
Failure on Demand

Failure on Demand

Definition(s)

Failure on Demand

Failure occurring immediately when the item is solicited to start (e.g. stand-by emergency equipment). NOTE See also Clause C.6. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. GlobalStandards  
Failure Probability Density

Failure Probability Density

Definition(s)

Failure Probability Density 3.1.10

f(t) 〈measure〉 probability for an item to fail between t and t+dt   failure probability density Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards
Failure Rate

Failure Rate

Definition(s)

Failure Rate

Limit, if this exists, of the ratio of the conditional probability that the instant of time, T, of a failure of an item falls within a given time interval, [t, (t + Δt)] and the length of this interval, Δt, when Δt tends to zero, given that the item is in an up state at the beginning of the time interval. See ISO 14224:2006, Clause C.3 for further explanation of the failure rate. NOTE 1 In this definition, t may also denote the time to failure or the time to first failure. NOTE 2 A practical interpretation of failure rate is the number of failures relative to the corresponding operational time. In some cases, time can be replaced by units of use. In most cases, the reciprocal of MTTF (3.1.25) can be used as the predictor for the failure rate, i.e. the average number of failures per unit of time in the long run if the units are replaced by an identical unit at failure. NOTE 3 The failure rate can be based on operational time or calendar time. Source: ISO 20815:2008, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Production assurance and reliability management. Global Standards  

Failure Rate

3.1.18 failure rate1   failure rate2 Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards    
Fairness

Fairness

Definition(s)

Fairness

equal opportunity for success provided to each candidate in the certification process Note 1 to entry: Fairness includes freedom from bias in examinations. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.16, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]. Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global Standards
False Indication

False Indication

Definition(s)

False Indication

NDT indication that is interpreted to be caused by a condition other than a discontinuity or imperfection. NOTE False indications are considered non-relevant. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
False Rotary

False Rotary

Definition(s)

False Rotary

Component that sits on the drilling rotary and provides a slip profile for single, dual or triple tubing strings. NOTE This allows the workover control system umbilical to feed into the drilling riser without interfering with the slips. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards  
False Starting Thread

False Starting Thread

Definition(s)

False Starting Thread

Circumferential tool mark on a round-thread chamfer that precedes the actual starting thread. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  
FAT

FAT

Definition(s)

FAT

Factory acceptance test. Source:  DNVGL-RP-G108, Cyber security in the oil and gas industry based on IEC 62443, DNV GL, September 2017. Global Standards Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global Standards Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards Source: API Recommended Practice 17H, Remotely Operated Tools and Interfaces on Subsea Production Systems, Second Edition, June 2013 (Addendum 1, October 2014). Global Standards Source: API RP 17A, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, Fourth Edition, Reaffirmed 2011. Global Standards Source: API RP 17B, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe, Fourth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards Source: API RP 17H, Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Interfaces on Subsea Production Systems, First Edition, July 2004 (Reaffirmed January 2009). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17D, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—Subsea Wellhead and Tree Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition May 2011 (Errata September 2011). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17E, Specification for Subsea Umbilicals, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, October 2010. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17F, Specification for Subsea Production Control Systems, Second Edition, December 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17J, Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe, Third Edition, July 2008. Global Standards Source: NORSOK D-001, Drilling facilities, Rev. 3, December 2012. Global Standards Source: Verification of Lifting Appliances for the Oil and Gas Industry, DNV-OSS-308, October 2010, Det Norske Veritas AS, Global Standards  

FAT

Test conducted by the manufacturer to verify that the manufacture of a specific assembly meets all intended functional and operational requirements. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards  

FAT

Factory acceptance testing. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards