Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Protection, Special
Definition(s)
Protection, Special
An IEC protection technique other than those that have been standardized. This type of protection is referred to by IEC 60079-0 as “s.”. Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsPressurization, Type Z
Definition(s)
Pressurization, Type Z
A method of reducing the classification within an enclosure from Division 2/Zone 2 to nonhazardous (unclassified). Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsPressurization, Type Y
Definition(s)
Pressurization, Type Y
A method of reducing the classification within an enclosure from Division 1/Zone 1 to Division 2/Zone 2.
Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsPressurization, Type X
Definition(s)
Pressurization, Type X
A method of reducing the classification within an enclosure from Division 1/Zone 1 to nonhazardous (unclassified). Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsPrototype Rope
Definition(s)
Prototype Rope
A rope fully complying with the rope design specification made for the purpose of testing either before an order is placed or before regular rope production begins for an order.
Source: API RP 2SM Design, Manufacture, Installation, and Maintenance of Synthetic Fiber Ropes for Offshore Mooring, Second Edition, July 2014. Global StandardsPRT
Definition(s)
PRT
Profile radiographic examination. Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsProcess Piping
Definition(s)
Process Piping
Hydrocarbon or chemical piping located at, or associated with a refinery or manufacturing facility. Process piping includes piperack, tank farm, and process unit piping, but excludes utility piping (e.g. steam, water, air, nitrogen, etc). Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPrimary Process Piping
Definition(s)
Primary Process Piping
Process piping in normal, active service that cannot be valved-off or, if it were valved off, would significantly affect unit operability. Primary process piping typically does not include small bore or auxiliary process piping (see also secondary process piping). Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPressure Design Thickness
Definition(s)
Pressure Design Thickness
Minimum allowed pipe wall thickness needed to hold the design pressure at the design temperature.- NOTE: 1 Pressure design thickness is determined using the rating code formula, including needed reinforcement thickness.
- NOTE: 2 Pressure design thickness does not include thickness for structural loads, corrosion allowance, or mill tolerances and therefore should not be used as the sole determinant of structural integrity for typical process piping (e.g. 7.3).
Positive Material Identification
Definition(s)
Positive Material Identification
Any physical evaluation or test of a material to confirm that the material, which has been or will be placed into service, is consistent with the selected or specified alloy material designated by the owner/user.- NOTE: These evaluations or tests can provide qualitative or quantitative information that is sufficient to verify the nominal alloy composition (see API 578).
Pitting
Definition(s)
Pitting
Localized corrosion of a metal surface in a small area and takes the form of cavities called pits. Pitting can be highly localized (including a single pit) or wide spread on a metal surface.
Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPipe Spool
Definition(s)
Pipe Spool
A section of piping with a flange or other connecting fitting, such as a union, on both ends which allows the removal of the section from the system.
Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPiping Engineer
Definition(s)
Piping Engineere
One or more persons or organizations acceptable to the owner/user who are knowledgeable and experienced in the engineering disciplines associated with evaluating mechanical and material characteristics affecting the integrity and reliability of piping components and systems. The piping engineer, by consulting with appropriate specialists, should be regarded as a composite of all entities necessary to properly address piping design requirements.
Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPiping Circuit
Definition(s)
Piping Circuit
A subsection of piping systems that includes piping and components that are exposed to a process environment of similar corrosivity and expected damage mechanisms and is of similar design conditions and construction material where by the expected type and rate of damage can reasonably be expected to be the same.- NOTE: 1 Complex process units or piping systems are divided into piping circuits to manage the necessary inspections, data analysis, and record keeping.
- NOTE: 2 When establishing the boundary of a particular piping circuit, it may be sized to provide a practical package for record keeping and performing field inspection.
Piperack Piping
Definition(s)
Piperack Piping
Process piping that is supported by consecutive stanchions or sleepers (including straddle racks and extensions). Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPEC
Definition(s)
PEC
Pulsed eddy current. Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPCC
Definition(s)
PCC
Post Construction Committee (of ASME). Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPAUT
Definition(s)
PAUT
Phased array ultrasonic technique. Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPrimary Barrier
Definition(s)
Primary Barrier
Phrase used to describe the first well barrier that prevents flow from a source.
Source: ABS Guide for Classification and Certification of Managed Pressure Drilling Systems, September 2017. Global StandardsPMCD
Definition(s)
PMCD
Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling. Source: ABS Guide for Classification and Certification of Managed Pressure Drilling Systems, September 2017. Global StandardsPMCD
A drilling technique used to drill without returns while balancing a full annular fluid column by using a Light Annular Mud (LAM) cap maintained above an open-hole formation that is taking all injected (sacrificial) fluid and drilled cuttings assisted by surface pressure. The LAM density is chosen based on ability to make LAM and the desired surface pressure that can be maintained and observed. Periodically injecting more of the same fluid into the annulus provides a means to control the surface back-pressure within the operating limits of the RCD and/or riser system. Source: ABS Guide for Classification and Certification of Managed Pressure Drilling Systems, September 2017. Global StandardsProportional Limit
Definition(s)
Proportional Limit
Greatest stress that a material is capable of sustaining without deviation from linear proportionality of stress and strain.- Note: 1 to entry: The proportional limit can be different in the axial direction compared to the hoop direction.
Pressure Rating
Definition(s)
Pressure Rating
Rating for a component, relating to its long-term resistance to failure when subjected to either static or standardized cyclic internal pressure loading. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsPrescribed Threaded Joint
Definition(s)
Prescribed Threaded Joint
Mechanical joint that complies with API 15 HR.- Note: 1 to entry: A prescribed threaded joint is a type of mechanical joint (3.2.76).
Pot Life
Definition(s)
Pot Life
Length of time that a catalysed thermosetting resin system retains a viscosity low enough to enable processing and sufficient reactivity to achieve specified properties after processing. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsPostcure
Definition(s)
Postcure
Additional elevated-temperature cure, usually without pressure, to improve final resin properties and/or complete the cure or polymerization of the resin matrix, or decrease the percentage of volatiles in the compound.- Note: 1 to entry: In certain resins, complete cure and ultimate mechanical properties are attained only by exposure of the cured resins to temperatures higher than those of curing (typically within to 30 °C to 50 °C of the maximum possible Tg).
.
Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsPolymerization
Definition(s)
Polymerization
Time/temperature/pressure cycle used to cure a thermosetting resin system from a liquid to a solid. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsPoisson’s Ratio, νha
Definition(s)
Poisson’s Ratio, νha
Axial strain resulting from a stress in the hoop direction.- Note: 1 to entry: GRP pipes will typically contract in the axial direction when subjected to a hoop stress.
- Note: 2 to entry: For GRP pipes wound at a 54° winding angle, the Poisson's ratio will typically be smaller in magnitude than the minor Poisson's ratio (3.2.79).
Piping
Definition(s)
Piping
Assemblies of piping components used to convey, distribute, mix, separate, discharge, meter, control or restrict fluid flows. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsPipe Support
Definition(s)
Pipe Support
Pipe fixture or structural attachment which transfers the load from the pipe or structural attachment to the supporting structure or equipment.- Note: 1 to entry: Fixtures include hanging-type fixtures such as hanger rods, spring hangers, sway braces, counterweights, turnbuckles, struts, chains, guides and anchors; and bearing-type fixtures such as saddles, bases, rollers, brackets and sliding supports.
- Note: 2 to entry: Structural attachments include elements which are bonded or moulded into the pipe, such as clips, lugs, saddles, rings, clamps, clevises, straps and skirts.