Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Rubber Seal Lock Joint
Definition(s)
Rubber Seal Lock Joint
Joint connection made up of a spigot end and a socket end with “O” or lip-sealing rings and some axial restraining device capable of resisting the full thrust from internal pressure. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsRestrained-end Testing
Definition(s)
Restrained-end Testing
Pressure-testing arrangement using a pipe-sealing device or mechanism such that internal pressure produces hoop and radial stresses only in the component wall. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsRoving
Definition(s)
Roving
Number of strands, tows or ends collected into a parallel bundle with little or no twist. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsRTR Plastic
Definition(s)
RTR Plastic
Polymeric resin-based composite that is reinforced with glass fibre.- Note: 1 to entry: The predominant glass fibre is E-glass (3.2.22).
- Note: 2 to entry: ISO 14692 (all parts) is restricted to the use of thermosetting resins (3.2.116).
- Note: 3 to entry: GRE, GRUP and GRVE are types of GRP.
Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Plastic
Definition(s)
Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Plastic
Polymeric resin-based composite that is reinforced with glass fibre. Note: 1 to entry: The predominant glass fibre is E-glass (3.2.22). Note: 2 to entry: ISO 14692 (all parts) is restricted to the use of thermosetting resins (3.2.116).Note: 3 to entry: GRE, GRUP and GRVE are types of GRP.
Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsReinforced Plastic
Definition(s)
Reinforced Plastic
Polymeric resin-based composite that is reinforced with glass fibre.- Note: 1 to entry: The predominant glass fibre is E-glass (3.2.22).
- Note: 2 to entry: ISO 14692 (all parts) is restricted to the use of thermosetting resins (3.2.116).
- Note: 3 to entry: GRE, GRUP and GRVE are types of GRP.
Reinforcement
Definition(s)
Reinforcement
Strong material embedded into a matrix to improve its mechanical properties.- Note: 1 to entry: Reinforcements are usually long fibres, whiskers, particulates, etc. The term is not to be used synonymously with filler.
Reducer
Definition(s)
Reducer
Component that allows pipes of different sizes to be connected. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsRated Temperature
Definition(s)
Rated Temperature
Maximum design temperature at the rated pressure (3.2.99) determined in accordance with ISO 14692-2 and ISO 14692-3. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsR-ratio
Definition(s)
R-ratio
ratio of the hoop stress to the axial stress in a particular test condition- EXAMPLE: In a hydrostatic test condition where a) the test sample is unrestrained, b) the hoop stress component is represented by half the pressure times diameter divided by wall thickness (PD/2t) and c) the axial stress component is represented by one-fourth the pressure times diameter divided by wall thickness (PD/4t), the R-ratio would be exactly 2,0. In the same test condition, if the axial stress component is represented by force over area (F/A) instead of PD/4t, the R-ratio will most likely be slightly higher than 2,0.
- Note: 1 to entry: Data points on the long term envelope (3.2.70), threshold envelope (3.2.117) and design envelope (3.2.15) can be referred to as R = x or Rx or x:y data points where x and y are integers (e.g. R = 2, R2 or 2:1) and/or real numbers (R = 0,7, R0,7 or 0,7:1). In some cases, the x value can be an approximation of the R-ratio.
Proportional Limit
Definition(s)
Proportional Limit
Greatest stress that a material is capable of sustaining without deviation from linear proportionality of stress and strain.- Note: 1 to entry: The proportional limit can be different in the axial direction compared to the hoop direction.
Pressure Rating
Definition(s)
Pressure Rating
Rating for a component, relating to its long-term resistance to failure when subjected to either static or standardized cyclic internal pressure loading. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsPrescribed Threaded Joint
Definition(s)
Prescribed Threaded Joint
Mechanical joint that complies with API 15 HR.- Note: 1 to entry: A prescribed threaded joint is a type of mechanical joint (3.2.76).
Pot Life
Definition(s)
Pot Life
Length of time that a catalysed thermosetting resin system retains a viscosity low enough to enable processing and sufficient reactivity to achieve specified properties after processing. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsPostcure
Definition(s)
Postcure
Additional elevated-temperature cure, usually without pressure, to improve final resin properties and/or complete the cure or polymerization of the resin matrix, or decrease the percentage of volatiles in the compound.- Note: 1 to entry: In certain resins, complete cure and ultimate mechanical properties are attained only by exposure of the cured resins to temperatures higher than those of curing (typically within to 30 °C to 50 °C of the maximum possible Tg).
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Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsPolymerization
Definition(s)
Polymerization
Time/temperature/pressure cycle used to cure a thermosetting resin system from a liquid to a solid. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsPoisson’s Ratio, νha
Definition(s)
Poisson’s Ratio, νha
Axial strain resulting from a stress in the hoop direction.- Note: 1 to entry: GRP pipes will typically contract in the axial direction when subjected to a hoop stress.
- Note: 2 to entry: For GRP pipes wound at a 54° winding angle, the Poisson's ratio will typically be smaller in magnitude than the minor Poisson's ratio (3.2.79).
Piping Component
Definition(s)
Piping Component
Mechanical element suitable for joining or assembly into a pressure-tight fluid-containing piping system.- EXAMPLE: Pipe, fittings, flanges, gaskets, bolting, valves, and devices such as expansion joints, flexible joints, pressure hoses, liquid traps, strainers and in-line separators.
Piping
Definition(s)
Piping
Assemblies of piping components used to convey, distribute, mix, separate, discharge, meter, control or restrict fluid flows. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsPipe Support
Definition(s)
Pipe Support
Pipe fixture or structural attachment which transfers the load from the pipe or structural attachment to the supporting structure or equipment.- Note: 1 to entry: Fixtures include hanging-type fixtures such as hanger rods, spring hangers, sway braces, counterweights, turnbuckles, struts, chains, guides and anchors; and bearing-type fixtures such as saddles, bases, rollers, brackets and sliding supports.
- Note: 2 to entry: Structural attachments include elements which are bonded or moulded into the pipe, such as clips, lugs, saddles, rings, clamps, clevises, straps and skirts.
Pipe Bonder
Definition(s)
Pipe Bonder
Tradesman able to perform satisfactory and independent work in the installation and joining of composite piping. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsPhenolic
Definition(s)
Phenolic
Class of polymer resins made from phenol and formaldehyde, and cured by air drying or heat baking.- Note: 1 to entry: Chemical resistance can be further increased via heat and catalyst treatment.
Pdes
Definition(s)
Pdes
Purchaser nominated maximum pressure to which a piping system is designed to operate at the nominated design temperature (Tdes) and for the nominated design life (Ldes).- Note: 1 to entry: Pdes is typically considered as a sustained pressure, though an additional Pdes occasional can also be nominated. Pdeswill be selected based on the maximum operating pressure plus a purchaser selected uplift a) to accommodate pressure uncertainty, b) to avoid triggering of pressure safety devices, c) to match the rating of attached piping or equipment and d) to provide a design margin for other purposes.
Part Factor
Definition(s)
Part Factor , f3,est
Derating factor that de-rates a component, taking account of non-pressure-related axial loads, e.g. bending and externally-applied direct-acting axial forces so that the combined hoop and axial stresses are still within the design envelope for each individual load case.- Note: 1 to entry: f3,est is estimated at the bid stage. The f3,est part factor cannot be confirmed until a stress analysis is conducted. The f3,est part factor can vary from one load case to another.
Part Factor , f2
Derating factor related to confidence in the pipework system, the nature of the application and the consequences of failure. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsOP
Definition(s)
OP
Operating Pressure. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsOP
Normal or anticipated standard internal pressure difference, i.e. internal minus external pressure, to be experienced by the pipe or piping system which should not exceed the design pressure. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsNominal Diameter
Definition(s)
Nominal Diameter
Numerical designation of size that is common to all components in a piping system, other than components designated by outside diameters or by thread size.- Note: 1 to entry: It is a convenient round number for reference purposes and is only loosely related to manufacturing dimensions.
Modulated differential scanning calorimetry
Definition(s)
Modulated differential scanning calorimetry
Type of DSC (3.2.19) that enables reversible reactions to be distinguished from irreversible processes such as additional polymerization of the resin during the test. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsMDSC
Definition(s)
MDSC
Type of DSC (3.2.19) that enables reversible reactions to be distinguished from irreversible processes such as additional polymerization of the resin during the test. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsMinor Poisson’s Ratio, Vah
Definition(s)
Minor Poisson’s Ratio, Vah
Hoop strain resulting from a stress in the axial direction.- Note: 1 to entry: GRP pipes will typically contract in the hoop direction when subjected to an axial stress.