C

Definition(s)

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Conditions, Normal

Equipment is generally considered to be under normal conditions when it conforms electrically and mechanically with its design specifications and is used within the limits specified by the manufacturer.

Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Circuit, Intrinsically Safe

A circuit in which any spark or thermal effect is incapable of causing ignition of a mixture of flammable or combustible material in air under test conditions prescribed by ANSI/UL 913 and ANSI/ISA-60079-11.

Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Cable, TC-ER

Power and control tray cable as defined by NEC Article 336. This cable is suitable for exposed runs (ER) between cable tray and utilization equipment where the cables are supported and secured. Reference NEC Article 336 for installation details.

Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Cable, PLTC-ER

Type PLTC nonmetallic-sheathed, power-limited tray cable. Suitable for cable trays and consisting of a factory assembly of two or more insulated copper (solid or stranded) conductors suitable for 300 Volts, Nos. 22 through 12 AWG, under a nonmetallic jacket. The cable is resistant to the spread of fire, and the outer jacket is sunlight- and moisture-resistant as defined by NEC Article 725. This cable is suitable for exposed runs (ER) between cable tray and utilization equipment where the cables are supported and secured. Reference NEC Article 725 for installation details.

Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Cable, ITC-HL

Type ITC instrumentation tray cable is a factory assembly of two or more 300V insulated copper conductors, Nos. 22 through 12 AWG, with or without grounding conductor(s), and enclosed in a nonmetallic sheath with or without an armor as defined by NEC Article 727. This cable is suitable for use in Class I Zones 1 and 2. Reference NEC Article 505 for installation details.

Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Cable, ITC-ER

Type ITC instrumentation tray cable is a factory assembly of two or more 300V insulated copper conductors, Nos. 22 through 12 AWG, with or without grounding conductor(s), and enclosed in a nonmetallic sheath with or without an armor as defined by NEC Article 727. This cable is suitable for exposed runs (ER) between cable tray and utilization equipment where the cables are supported and secured.

Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Cable, Circuit Integrity

Cable that is used for critical circuits to ensure survivability for continued circuit operation for a specified time under fire conditions. See 6.7.8 for recommended applications and cable selection.

Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Critical Check Valves

Check valves in piping systems that have been identified as vital to process safety (see 5.13). Critical check valves are those that need to operate reliably in order to avoid the potential for hazardous events or substantial consequences should reverse flow occur.

Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Corrosion Barrier

The corrosion allowance in FRP equipment typically composed of an inner surface and an interior layer which is specified as necessary to provide the best overall resistance to chemical attack.

Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Contact Point

The locations at which a pipe or component rests on or against a support or other object which may increase its susceptibility to external corrosion, fretting, wear or deformation especially as a result of moisture and/or solids collecting at the interface of the pipe and supporting member.

Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Condition Monitoring Locations

Designated areas on piping systems where periodic examinations are conducted in order to assess the condition of the piping. CMLs may contain one or more examination points and utilize multiple inspection techniques that are based on the predicted damage mechanism(s). CMLs can be a single small area on a piping system e.g. a 2 in. diameter spot or plane through a section of a pipe where examination points exist in all four quadrants of the plane.

• NOTE: CMLs now include, but are not limited to what were previously called TMLs.

Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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CMB

Computerized monitoring button.

Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Cyclic Service

Refers to service conditions that may produce fatigue damage due to cyclic loading from pressure, thermal, and mechanical loads that are not induced by pressure. Other cyclic loads associated with vibration may arise from such sources as impact, turbulent flow vortices, resonance in compressors, and wind, or any combination thereof. See 5.4.4. Some examples of vessels in cyclic service include coke drums, mole sieves, and pressure swing adsorbers.

Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards  

Cyclic Service

Refers to service conditions that may result in cyclic loading and produce fatigue damage or failure (e.g. cyclic loading from pressure, thermal, and/or mechanical loads). Other cyclic loads associated with vibration may arise from such sources as impact, turbulent flow vortices, resonance in compressors, and wind, or any combination thereof. Also see API/ASME 579-1/ASME FFS-1, Definition of Cyclic Service, in Section I.13 and screening methods in Annex B1.5, as well as the definition of “severe cyclic conditions” in ASME B31.3 Section 300.2, Definitions.

Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Corrosion under insulation

Refers to all forms of CUI including stress corrosion cracking and corrosion under fireproofing.

Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards  

Corrosion under insulation (CUI)

External corrosion of carbon steel and low alloy steel piping resulting from water trapped under insulation. External chloride stress corrosion cracking (ECSCC) of austenitic and duplex stainless steel under insulation is also classified as CUI damage.

Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

Corrosion under insulation (CUI)

Refers to all forms of corrosion under insulation including stress corrosion cracking. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration Downstream Segment, Ninth Edition, June 2006. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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CDW

Controlled-deposition welding. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards  

CDW

Any welding technique used to obtain controlled grain refinement and tempering of the underlying heat-affected zone in the base metal. Various controlled-deposition techniques, such as temper bead (tempering of the layer below the current bead being deposited) and half bead (requiring removal of one-half of the first layer), are included. See 8.1.7.4.3. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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CMLs

Condition monitoring locations. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards  

CMLs

Designated areas on pressure vessels where periodic external examinations are conducted in order to directly assess the condition of the vessel. CMLs may contain one or more examination points and utilize multiple inspection techniques that are based on the predicted damage mechanism to give the highest probability of detection. CMLs can be a single small area on a pressure vessel (e.g. a 2-in. diameter spot or plane through a section of a nozzle where recording points exist in all four quadrants of the plane).

• NOTE: CMLs now include but are not limited to what were previously called TMLs.

Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards  

CMLs

Designated areas on piping systems where periodic examinations are conducted in order to assess the condition of the piping. CMLs may contain one or more examination points and utilize multiple inspection techniques that are based on the predicted damage mechanism(s). CMLs can be a single small area on a piping system e.g. a 2 in. diameter spot or plane through a section of a pipe where examination points exist in all four quadrants of the plane.

• NOTE: CMLs now include, but are not limited to what were previously called TMLs.

Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Central Portion of the Head

Central portion of the head is defined as the center of the head with a diameter equal to 80 % of the shell diameter.

Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Controlled Mud Level

A variant of Dual Gradient Drilling (DGD) used only on floating rigs by placing a special pump in/on the drilling riser to vary the level of fluid in the drilling riser. The fluid level is adjusted up or down to control bottom-hole pressure and to compensate for variations in equivalent circulating density due to frictional pressure losses.

Source: ABS Guide for Classification and Certification of Managed Pressure Drilling Systems, September 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Continuous Circulation Method

An MPD technique used to maintain flow down the drill pipe while making a connection, thereby maintaining equivalent circulating density (ECD) and thus keeping a constant pressure profile in well annulus to prevent an influx of formation fluids or potential hole collapse due to instability.

Source: ABS Guide for Classification and Certification of Managed Pressure Drilling Systems, September 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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CCM

Continuous Circulation Method. Source: ABS Guide for Classification and Certification of Managed Pressure Drilling Systems, September 2017. Global Standards  

CCM

An MPD technique used to maintain flow down the drill pipe while making a connection, thereby maintaining equivalent circulating density (ECD) and thus keeping a constant pressure profile in well annulus to prevent an influx of formation fluids or potential hole collapse due to instability. Source: ABS Guide for Classification and Certification of Managed Pressure Drilling Systems, September 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Closed Circulation System

A drilling fluid system flow path which is not open to the atmosphere.

Source: ABS Guide for Classification and Certification of Managed Pressure Drilling Systems, September 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Circulation System

The complete flow path that the drilling fluid travels from the mud pits to the mud pump intake, down the drill pipe, exiting through the jets of the drill bit, and back up the annular spaces until it returns to the surface for processing and return to the mud pits.

Source: ABS Guide for Classification and Certification of Managed Pressure Drilling Systems, September 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Curing Agent

Catalytic or reactive agent that, when added to a resin, causes polymerization.

• Note: 1 to entry: This is also called hardener (3.2.51), for epoxies.

Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Cure Cycle

Time/temperature/pressure cycle used to cure a thermosetting resin system from a liquid to a solid. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Cure

Change irreversibly the properties of a thermosetting resin by chemical reaction.

• Note: 1 to entry: Examples of such chemical reaction are condensation, ring closure and addition.
• Note: 2 to entry: Cure can be accomplished by the addition of a curing agent and catalyst, with or without heat and pressure.

Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Conductive

Having a volume resistivity equal to or lower than 10⁴ Ω⋅m. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Chopped Strand Mat

Reinforcement structure in which short lengths of glass fibre tows, held together by an emulsion or powder binding agent, are dispersed in random directions within a single plane.

• Note: 1 to entry: Chopped strand mat is not to be confused with chopped roving. The latter may not be in mat form and may be loose rovings from a chopper gun.

Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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CSM

Chopped strand mat. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards  

CSM

Reinforcement structure in which short lengths of glass fibre tows, held together by an emulsion or powder binding agent, are dispersed in random directions within a single plane.

• Note: 1 to entry: Chopped strand mat is not to be confused with chopped roving. The latter may not be in mat form and may be loose rovings from a chopper gun.

Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Chemical-resistant glass

Glass fibre or synthetic veil having a specific chemical resistance against acids, alkalis or other aggressive chemicals.

• Note: 1 to entry: Such glass can be used as a reinforcement for the resin-rich internal liner of GRP pipe or as a reinforcement in the structural portion of GRP pipe.

Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Chopped Roving

Strands of glass fibre cut to a desired length from rovings. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards