Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Continuous Duty Apparatus
Definition(s)
Continuous Duty Apparatus (Types of Instruments)
Apparatus that is powered for long periods of time, but may have either continuous or intermittent sensing. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsAspirated Apparatus
Definition(s)
Aspirated Apparatus (types of instruments)
Apparatus that samples the gas by drawing it to the gas sensor for example, by means of a hand-operated or electric pump. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsAlarm-Only Apparatus
Definition(s)
Alarm-Only Apparatus (types of instruments)
Apparatus having an alarm but not having a meter or other indicating device. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsDrilling Installation
Definition(s)
Drilling Installation
Drilling installation In these Regulations, “drilling installation”, “drilling rig”, “drilling unit”, “drill site”, “installation”, “production installation”, “production operation”, “production site” and “subsea production system” have the same meaning as in subsection 2(1) of the Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations. Source: Canada Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Regulations, SOR/2009-315, February 2013. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Drilling and Production Regulations, SOR/2009-317, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. RegulationsDrilling Installation
“Drilling installation” means a drilling unit or a drilling rig and its associated drilling base, and includes any associated dependent diving system (installation de forage). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-111, Canada, current to May 1, 2014. Regulations Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-118, February 2013.Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Certificate of Fitness Regulations, SOR/95-187, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Installations Regulations, SOR/95-191, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. RegulationsDrilling Installation
a drillship, semi-submersible, jack-up or other vessel or structure used in a drilling program and fitted with a drilling rig, and includes the drilling rig and other facilities related to the drilling program that are installed on the vessel or structure. Source: Atlantic Canada Offshore Petroleum Industry, Standard Practice for the Training and Qualifications of Personnel, 2013, Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, Global StandardsZero Gas
Definition(s)
Zero Gas (Gas Properties)
Gas recommended by the manufacturer, which is free of flammable gases, and interfering and contaminating substances, the purpose of which is calibration/adjustment of the apparatus zero. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsVolume Fraction
Definition(s)
Volume Fraction (v/v) (Gas Properties)
Quotient of the volume of a specified component and the sum of the volumes of all components of a gas mixture before mixing, all volumes referring to the pressure and the temperature of the gas mixture. NOTE The volume fraction and volume concentration take the same value if, at the same state conditions, the sum of the component volumes before mixing and the volume of the mixture are equal. However, because the mixing of two or more gases at the same state conditions is usually accompanied by a slight contraction or, less frequently, a slight expansion, this is not generally the case. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsUpper Flammable Limit
Definition(s)
Upper Flammable Limit
The maximum concentration of a flammable vapor in air (or other oxidant) above which propagation of flame does not occur on contact with an ignition source. The UFL is usually expressed as a volume percentage of the vapor in air Sometimes called the upper explosive limit (UEL). In popular terms, a mixture containing a percentage of flammable vapor above the UFL is too “rich” to burn. Source: API Standards 2217A, Guidelines for Safe Work in Inert Confined Spaces in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, Fourth Edition, July 2009. Global StandardsUpper Flammable Limit (UFL)
The maximum concentration of a vapor in air (or other oxidant) above which propagation of flame does not occur on contact with an ignition source. The upper flammable limit is usually expressed as a volume percentage of the vapor in air. Sometimes called the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL). In popular terms, a mixture containing a percentage of flammable vapor above the UFL is too “rich” to burn and one below the LFL is too “lean” to burn. API RP 2201, Safe Hot Tapping Practices in the Petroleum & Petrochemical Industries, Fifth Edition, July 2003 (Reaffirmed October 2010), Global Standards API RP 2009, Safe Welding, Cutting, and Hot Work Practices in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, Seventh Edition, February 2002 (Reaffirmed, March 2012), Global StandardsUpper Flammable Limit (Gas Properties)
Volume fraction of flammable gas or vapour in air above, which an explosive gas atmosphere does not form, expressed as a percentage (see IEC 60079-20). NOTE This is also known as upper explosive limit (UEL). Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsUFL
Definition(s)
UFL
Upper flammable limit. Source: API Standards 2217A, Guidelines for Safe Work in Inert Confined Spaces in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, Fourth Edition, July 2009. Global Standards API RP 2201, Safe Hot Tapping Practices in the Petroleum & Petrochemical Industries, Fifth Edition, July 2003 (Reaffirmed October 2010), Global Standards Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsUFL
The maximum concentration of a flammable vapor in air (or other oxidant) above which propagation of flame does not occur on contact with an ignition source. The UFL is usually expressed as a volume percentage of the vapor in air Sometimes called the upper explosive limit (UEL). In popular terms, a mixture containing a percentage of flammable vapor above the UFL is too “rich” to burn. Source: API Standards 2217A, Guidelines for Safe Work in Inert Confined Spaces in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, Fourth Edition, July 2009. Global StandardsUFL (Gas Properties)
Volume fraction of flammable gas or vapour in air above, which an explosive gas atmosphere does not form, expressed as a percentage (see IEC 60079-20). NOTE This is also known as upper explosive limit (UEL). Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsPotentially Explosive Atmosphere
Definition(s)
Potentially Explosive Atmosphere (Gas Properties)
Atmosphere that could become explosive (the danger is a potential one). NOTE This would include an atmosphere with gas concentration currently above UFL, where dilution with air would render it explosive. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsPoisons
Definition(s)
Poisons (For Sensors) (Gas Properties)
Substances, which lead to temporary or permanent loss of sensitivity of the sensors. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsLower Flammable Limit
Definition(s)
Lower Flammable Limit
The minimum concentration of a vapor in air (or other oxidant) below which propagation of flame does not occur on contact with an ignition source. The LFL is usually expressed as a volume percentage of the vapor in air. Sometimes called lower explosive limit (LEL). In popular terms, a mixture containing a percentage of flammable vapor below the LFL is too “lean” to burn. Source:API Standards 2217A, Guidelines for Safe Work in Inert Confined Spaces in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, Fourth Edition, July 2009. Global StandardsLower Flammable Limit (Gas Properties)
Volume fraction of flammable gas or vapour in air below, which an explosive gas atmosphere does not form, expressed as a percentage (see IEC 60079-20) NOTE This is also known as lower explosive limit (LEL). Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsLower Flammable Limit (LFL)
Lower flammable limit (LFL) means the concentration of a hydrocarbon gas in air below which there is insufficient hydrocarbon to support and propagate combustion. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1321, Guidelines for measures to prevent fires in engine-rooms and cargo pump-rooms, 11 June 2009, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceLower Flammable Limit (LFL)
Lower flammable limit (LFL) is the volume fraction of gas or vapour below which an explosive atmosphere does not form. Also referred to as lower explosive limit (LEL). Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1370, Guidelines for the design, construction and testing of fixed hydrocarbon gas detection systems, 22 June 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceFlammable Gas
Definition(s)
Flammable Gas
Substance that exists exclusively in the gaseous state at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature and is capable of igniting and burning when mixed with air (oxygen) in the proper proportion and subjected to a source of ignition. Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global StandardsFlammable Gas (Gas Properties)
Gas or vapour which, when mixed with air in a certain proportion, will form an explosive atmosphere. NOTE For the purposes of this standard, the term "flammable gas" includes flammable vapours. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsFlammable Gas (or Vapour)
Gas or vapour which, when mixed with air in certain proportions, will form an explosive gas atmosphere. Source: IEC 61892-7, Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations – Part 7: Hazardous areas. Global StandardsFiredamp
Definition(s)
Firedamp (Gas Properties)
Flammable gas, consisting mainly of methane, found naturally in mines. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsExplosive Gas Atmosphere
Definition(s)
Explosive Gas Atmosphere (Gas Properties)
Mixture with air, under normal atmospheric conditions, of flammable substances in the form of gas or vapour, in which, after ignition, self-sustaining flame propagation. NOTE 1 This definition specifically excludes dusts and fibres in suspension in air. Mists are not covered by this standard. NOTE 2 Although a mixture that has a concentration above the upper flammable limit (see 3.1.9) is not an explosive atmosphere, in certain cases for area classification purposes, it is advisable to consider it as an explosive gas atmosphere. NOTE 3 Normal atmospheric conditions include variations above and below the reference levels of 101,3 kPa and 20 °C provided the variations have a negligible effect on the explosive properties of the flammable materials. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsExplosive Gas Atmosphere
Mixture with air, under atmospheric conditions, of flammable substances in the form of gas or vapour in which, after ignition, combustion spreads throughout the unconsumed mixture [IEV 426-02-03, modified]. NOTE Although a mixture which has a concentration above the upper explosive limit (UEL) is not an explosive gas atmosphere, it can readily become so and, in certain cases for area classification purposes, it is advisable to consider it as an explosive gas atmosphere. Source: IEC 61892-7, Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations – Part 7: Hazardous areas. Global StandardsAmbient Air
Definition(s)
Ambient Air (gas properties)
Normal atmosphere surrounding the apparatus. Source: IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases. Global StandardsControl Station
Definition(s)
Control Station
“Control station” means a continuously manned work area from which process and export equipment, wellhead manifold and christmas trees, main and emergency power, fire and gas detection, fire control, communications equipment, emergency shutdown systems, ballast control system, dynamic positioning systems and other systems and equipment critical to the safety of the installation are remotely controlled or monitored (salle de commande). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-111, Canada, current to May 1, 2014. Regulations Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-118, February 2013.Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Installations Regulations, SOR/95-191, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. RegulationsControl Station
Place on the installation from which personnel can monitor the status of the installation, initiate appropriate shutdown actions, and undertake any emergency communication. Source: ISO 13702:2015, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines, Second Edition, August 2015. Global StandardsRenewal
Definition(s)
Renewal
Activity that discards an existing component, fitting, or portion of a piping circuit and replaces it with new or existing spare materials of the same or better qualities as the original piping components.
Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsRenewal
Renewal:- when used in relation to a petroleum exploration permit, petroleum retention lease or petroleum production licence—has the meaning given by subsection 11(1); or
- when used in relation to a greenhouse gas assessment permit or greenhouse gas holding lease—has the meaning given by subsection 11(2).
Register
Definition(s)
Register
list issued by a certification body, an authority or another registration organization, for certificate holders or persons meeting predetermined criteria Note 1 to entry: A register can be publicly available or for in-house purposes. Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global StandardsRegister
Register:- when used in Chapter 4—has the meaning given by section 467; or
- when used in Chapter 5—has the meaning given by section 519.
Register
Register means a Register kept under section 469. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. LegislationRegister
In this Chapter, Register means the Register kept under section 521. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. LegislationInstrument
Definition(s)
Instrument
Device that reads and records specific information about line or vessel condition and operation, including pressure or temperature sensors, meters or detection devices. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsInstrument
Instrument under this Act does not include the regulations. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. LegislationInstrument
“Instrument” means a discharge, postponement, security notice, transfer or an assignment of a security interest; acte. Source: Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Resources Accord Implementation Act, S.C. 1988, c. 28, Canada, current to May 26, 2013. Legislation Source: Canada Petroleum Resources Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 36 (2nd Supp.), current to April 29, 2013. LegislationCertifying Authority
Definition(s)
Certifying Authority
A third-party organization used to certify and approve the design, fabrication, equipment and operation of the crane. Source: API RP 2D, Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Cranes, Seventh Edition, December 2014. Global StandardsCertifying Authority
“Certifying authority” has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Canada Oil and Gas Certificate of Fitness Regulations (autorité). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-111, Canada, current to May 1, 2014. Regulations Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-118, February 2013.RegulationsCertifying Authority
“Certifying authority” means, for the purposes of section 143.2 of the Act, the American Bureau of Shipping, Bureau Veritas, Det norskeVeritas Classification A/S, Germanischer Lloyd or Lloyd’s Register North America, Inc.; autorité. Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Certificate of Fitness Regulations, SOR/95-187, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. RegulationsCertifying Authority
“Certifying authority” has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Nova Scotia Offshore Certificate of Fitness Regulations. Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health & Safety Requirements, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, December 2000. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Area Petroleum Diving Regulations, SOR/95-189, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Installations Regulations, SOR/95-191, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. RegulationsBarrel(BBL)
Definition(s)
Barrel
"Barrel" means 42 U.S. gallons. Source: Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, Definitions, Alaska Admin. Code tit. 20, § 25.990, December 7, 2012. RegulationsBarrel
“Barrel” means 35 gallons (baril). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Regulations, C.R.C., c. 1517, February 2013. RegulationsBarrel
"Barrel" means 42 (U.S.) gallons at 60 F at atmospheric pressure. Source: Corporation Commission, Oil and Gas Conservation, Oklahoma Administrative Code 165:10, February 2013. RegulationsBarrel
“Barrel” means a quantity of liquid equal to forty-two U.S. gallons. Source: Division of Mineral Resources Management - Oil and Gas, Ohio Administrative Code, Chapter 1501:9, January 2012. RegulationsBarrel
Unit for volume of oil, the standard barrel contains 42 gallons.. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsBarrel
Barrel or Barrel of Oil―forty-two United States gallons of oil at a test of 60º F with deductions for the full percent of basic sediment, water and other impurities present, ascertained by centrifugal or other recognized and customary tests. Source: Natural Resources, Office of Conservation – General Operations, Louisiana Administrative Code, Title 43, Part XIX, March 2013. RegulationsBarrel
BARREL shall mean 42 (U.S.) gallons at 60° F. at atmospheric pressure. Source: Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, Practice and Procedure, Code of Colorado Regulations, 2 CCR 404-1, February 2013. RegulationsBarrel
"Barrel" means forty-two United States gallons [158.99 liters] measured at sixty degrees Fahrenheit [15.56 degrees Celsius] and fourteen and seventy-three hundredths pounds per square inch absolute [1034.19 grams per square centimeter]. Source: Oil and gas Conservation, North Dakota Administrative Code, Chapter 43-02-03, April 2012. RegulationsBarrel
“Barrel” means 42 United States gallons measured at 60 degrees fahrenheit and atmospheric pressure at the sea level. Source: Oil and Gas, New Mexico Administrative Code Title 19, Chapter 15, January 2013. RegulationsBarrel
For the purpose of these sections, a "barrel" of crude petroleum is declared to be 42 gallons of 231 cubic inches per gallon at 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Source: Oil and Gas Division, Texas Administrative Code, Title 16, Chapter 3, February 2013. RegulationsBarrel
A liquid measure of 42 U. S. gallons (158.9 liters). Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. RegulationsWireline Preventers
Definition(s)
Wireline Preventers
Preventers installed on top of the well or drill string as a precautionary measure while running wirelines. The preventer packing will close around the wireline. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsWeight Cut
Definition(s)
Weight Cut
The amount by which drilling fluid density is reduced by entrained formation fluids or air. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsWeight Cut
Drilling fluid density reduction by entrained fluids. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsUnderground Blowout
Definition(s)
Underground Blowout
An uncontrolled flow of formation fluids from a subsurface zone into a second subsurface zone. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsUnderbalance
Definition(s)
Underbalance
The amount by which formation pressure exceeds pressure exerted by the hydrostatic head of fluid in the well bore. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsPressure Control
A condition where the pressure exerted in the wellbore is less than the pore pressure in any part of the exposed formations. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsTubulars
Definition(s)
Tubulars
Drill pipe, drill collars, tubing, and casing. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsTrip Gas
Definition(s)
Trip Gas
An accumulation of gas, which enters the hole while a trip is made. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsTrip Gas
Accumulation of gas in wellbore while a tripping. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsTargeted
Definition(s)
Targeted
Refers to a fluid piping system in which flow impinges upon a lead-filled end (target) or a piping tee when fluid transits a change in direction. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsTargeted
Refers to a fluid piping system in which flow impinges upon a lead-filled (or other material) end (target) or a piping tee when fluid transits a change in direction. Source: API RP 64, Recommended Practice for Diverter Systems Equipment and Operations, Second Edition, November 2001 (March 1, 2007). Global StandardsTarget
Definition(s)
Target
An asset, network, system, or geographic area chosen by a threat to be impacted by an attack.
Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global StandardsTarget
Asset, network, system, or geographic area chosen by a threat to be impacted by an attack.
Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global Standards