Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Punch-Through Failure
Definition(s)
Punch-Through Failure
Unexpected sudden and rapid penetration of the spudcan through soil occurs when strong soil is over soft soil and is a major risk for the stability and equilibrium of the jackup structure.
Source: ABS Guidance Notes on Geotechnical Performance of Spudcan Foundations, January 2017. Global StandardsPup Joint
Definition(s)
Pup Joint
Riser joint that is shorter than standard length.
Source: API Specification 16Q, Design, Selection, Operation, and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, Second Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsPup Joint
Short tubular element used to join two threaded connections.
Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global StandardsPup Joint
Joint of pipe or tubing shorter than standard length. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global StandardsPup Joint
Short pipe length usually with threaded ends. Source: API RP 5C5, Recommended Practice on Procedures for Testing Casing and Tubing Connections, Third Edition, July 2003 (Reaffirmed August 2010). Global StandardsPup Joint
A shorter than standard length riser joint. Source: API RP 16Q, Recommended Practice for Design, Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, First Edition, November 1993 (Reaffirmed August 2001). Global StandardsPup Joint
Joint of pipe or tubing shorter than standard length. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global StandardsPup Joint
Casing or tubing shorter than range 1. Source: API SPEC 5CRA, Specification for Corrosion Resistant Alloy Seamless Tubes for Use as Casing, Tubing and Coupling Stock, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2010 (Errata August 2011). Global StandardsPup Joint
Casing or tubing of length shorter than Range 1, see Table C.27 or Table E.27. Source: API SPEC 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing, Upstream Segment, Ninth Edition, July 2011 (Errata September 2012). Global StandardsPup Joint
Shorter than standard length riser joint. Source: ISO 13624-1:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Drilling and production equipment – Part 1:Design and operation of marine drilling riser equipment. Global StandardsPup-Joint Material
Definition(s)
Pup-Joint Material
Casing or tubing, or thick-wall tubes or mechanical tubes, or bar stock used for the manufacture of pup joints. Source: API SPEC 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing, Upstream Segment, Ninth Edition, July 2011 (Errata September 2012). Global StandardsPurchaser
Definition(s)
Purchaser
Entity that has purchased directly from the manufacturer the new OCTG being inspected. NOTE The purchaser might be the owner. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global StandardsPurchaser
Flexible pipe system provider who is purchaser to ancillary equipment manufacturer. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsPurchaser
Organization that buys the riser system on behalf of the user and/or operator or for its own use. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global StandardsPurchaser
Organization that buys the C/WO riser system on behalf of the user and/or operator or for its own use. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global StandardsPurchaser
Party responsible for both the definition of requirements for a product order and for payment for that order. Source: API SPEC 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing, Upstream Segment, Ninth Edition, July 2011 (Errata September 2012). Global StandardsPurchaser
Party responsible for both the definition of requirements for a product order and for payment for that order. [ISO 11960:2004, definition 4.1.35]. Source: API SPEC 5DP, Specification for Drill Pipe, First Edition, August 2009. Global StandardsPurchaser
"Purchaser" or "transporter" means any person who acting alone or jointly with any person or persons, via his own, affiliated or designated carrier, transporter, or taker, shall directly or indirectly purchase, take, or transport by any means whatsoever or otherwise remove from any lease, oil or gas, and/or other hydrocarbons produced from any common source of supply in this State, excepting royalty portions from leases owned by that person. Source: Corporation Commission, Oil and Gas Conservation, Oklahoma Administrative Code 165:10, February 2013. RegulationsPure Shear Stress
Definition(s)
Pure Shear Stress
A pure shear stress in a section is the average stress induced by a force transverse to the section. It is averaged over the total area of the section and is calculated using the classical shear stress equation (S = F/A). An example of a pure shear stress is the average shear stress in the threads of a threaded coupling. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global StandardsPurge
Definition(s)
Purge
Procedure that removes all air from a line or vessel to prevent fire or corrosion. The length of time required to purge a line is dependent on the size and length of the line, size of the blow off valve, and the purging method selected. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsPurge Gas
Definition(s)
Purge Gas
Flammable gas or noncondensable inert gas added to the flare header to mitigate air ingress and burnback.
Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global StandardsPurge Gas
Fuel gas or non-condensable inert gas added to the flare header to mitigate air ingress and burnback. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global StandardsPurge Gas
"Purge gas" means gas used to maintain forward flow and positive pressure in a safety flare system. Source: Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, Definitions, Alaska Admin. Code tit. 20, § 25.990, December 7, 2012. RegulationsPurged and Pressurized
Definition(s)
Purged and Pressurized
The process of (1) purging, supplying an enclosure with a protective gas at a sufficient flow and positive pressure to reduce the concentration of any flammable gas or vapor initially present to an acceptable level; and (2) pressurization, supplying an enclosure with a protective gas with or without continuous flow at sufficient pressure to prevent the entrance of a flammable gas or vapor. API RP 500, Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I, Division 1 and Division 2, Third Edition, December 2012, Global StandardsPurging
Definition(s)
Purging
In a pressurized enclosure, the operation of passing a quantity of protective gas through the enclosure and ducts, so that the concentration of the explosive gas atmosphere is brought to a safe level.
Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsPurging
The process of eliminating the potential for a flammable atmosphere by displacing hydrocarbons from a potential hot work area to eliminate the fuel required for ignition. API RP 2009, Safe Welding, Cutting, and Hot Work Practices in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, Seventh Edition, February 2002 (Reaffirmed, March 2012), Global StandardsPurging
In a pressurized enclosure, the operation of passing a quantity of protective gas through the enclosure and ducts, so that the concentration of the explosive gas atmosphere is brought to a safe level. Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global StandardsPurging
Passing of sufficient volume of protective gas through a pressurized room or enclosure and its ducts before the application of voltage to the apparatus to reduce any explosive gas atmosphere to a concentration well below the lower explosive limit. Source: IEC 61892-7, Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations – Part 7: Hazardous areas. Global StandardsPV
Definition(s)
PV
Pressure vessel. Source: NORSOK D-001, Drilling facilities, Rev. 3, December 2012. Global StandardsPV Valve
Definition(s)
PV Valve
Weight-loaded, pilot-operated, or spring-loaded valve, used to relieve excess pressure and/or vacuum that has developed in a tank. Source: API STD 2000, Venting Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks, Sixth Edition, November 2009. Global StandardsPVC
Definition(s)
PVC
Polyvinyl chloride. Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards Source: API RP 17B, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe, Fourth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17J, Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe, Third Edition, July 2008. Global Standards Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global Standards Source: ISO 21457:2010, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems, First Edition,September 2010. Global StandardsPVC
“PVC” means poly vinyl chloride. Source: Oil and Gas, New Mexico Administrative Code Title 19, Chapter 15, January 2013. RegulationsPVDF
PVR (Plant Volume Reduction)
Definition(s)
PVR (Plant Volume Reduction)
The volume of gas removed from a line or vessel at a hydrocarbon processing plant. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsPVT
Definition(s)
PVT
pit volume totalizer. Source: API Bulletin 97, Well Construction Interface Document Guidelines, First Edition, December 2013. Global StandardsPWD
Definition(s)
PWD
Pressure while drilling. Source: API STD 65 – Part 2, Isolating Potential Flow Zones During Well Construction, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, December 2010. Global StandardsPWHT
Definition(s)
PWHT
Postweld heat treatment. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPWHT
A work process which consists of heating an entire weldment or section of fabricated piping to an elevated temperature after completion of welding in order to relieve the detrimental effects of welding heat, such as reducing residual stresses, reducing hardness, and/or slightly modifying properties (See ASME B31.3, paragraph 331). Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPWHT
Treatment that consists of heating an entire weldment or vessel to a specified elevated temperature after completion of welding in order to relieve the detrimental effects of welding heat, such as to reduce residual stresses, reduce hardness, stabilize chemistry and/or slightly modify properties. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPWHT
Postweld heat treatment. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPWHT
Heat treatment subsequent to welding, including stress relief. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsPWHT
Controlled heat treatment subsequent to welding, including stress relief to obtain desired material properties. Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsPWHT
Post-weld heat treatment. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration Downstream Segment, Ninth Edition, June 2006. Global Standards Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards Source:API SPECIFICATION 7K, Drilling and Well Servicing Equipment, Sixth Edition, December 2015. Global StandardsPWHT
Post-weld heat treatment. Source: API SPEC 7K, Drilling and Well Servicing Equipment Upstream Segment, Fifth Edition, June 2010 (August 2010). Global StandardsPWHT
Post weld heat treatment. Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global StandardsPWV
Definition(s)
PWV
Production wing valve. Source: API RP 17A, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, Fourth Edition, Reaffirmed 2011. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17D, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—Subsea Wellhead and Tree Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition May 2011 (Errata September 2011). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17F, Specification for Subsea Production Control Systems, Second Edition, December 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global StandardsPyrophoric
Definition(s)
Pyrophoric
A material (e.g. iron sulfide, certain catalysts or certain carbonaceous materials) that, when exposed to air, can spontaneously oxidize and heat, providing a source of ignition if a flammable vapor/air mixture is present. Source: API Standards 2217A, Guidelines for Safe Work in Inert Confined Spaces in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, Fourth Edition, July 2009. Global StandardsQ
Definition(s)
Q
Quenched and tempered. Source: API SPEC 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing, Upstream Segment, Ninth Edition, July 2011 (Errata September 2012). Global StandardsQ&T
Definition(s)
Q&T
Quenched and tempered. Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsQA
Definition(s)
QA
Quality Assurance. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: ISO 20815:2008, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Production assurance and reliability management. Global Standards Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: ISO 19900:2013, Petroleum and natural gas industries – General requirements for offshore structures. Global StandardsQA
All planned, systematic, and preventative actions specified to determine if materials, equipment, or services will meet specified requirements so that equipment will perform satisfactorily in service. The minimum contents of a QA inspection manual for in-service inspection are outlined in 4.1.2.
Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsQA/QC
Definition(s)
QA/QC
Quality Assurance/Quality Control Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global StandardsQAP
Definition(s)
QAP
Quality activity plan. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsQC
Definition(s)
QC
Quality Control. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards Source: API Technical Report 17TR7, Verification and Validation of Subsea Connectors, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 11D1, Packers and Bridge Plugs, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, July 2009. Global Standards Source: ISO 19900:2013, Petroleum and natural gas industries – General requirements for offshore structures. Global StandardsQC
Those physical activities that are conducted to check conformance with specifications in accordance with the QA plan.
Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standardsqc
Cone resistance.
Source: ABS Guidance Notes on Geotechnical Performance of Spudcan Foundations, January 2017. Global StandardsQcrushing
Definition(s)
Qcrushing
Particle crushing strength on a natural log scale.
Source: ABS Guidance Notes on Geotechnical Performance of Spudcan Foundations, January 2017. Global Standards
QM
Definition(s)
QM
Quality manual. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsQMS
Definition(s)
QMS
Quality management system. Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global Standards Source: ISO 19900:2013, Petroleum and natural gas industries – General requirements for offshore structures. Global Standardsqnet
Definition(s)
qnet
Net cone resistance, which is the measured cone resistance being corrected for the pore pressure effects and the total in-situ vertical stress.
Source: ABS Guidance Notes on Geotechnical Performance of Spudcan Foundations, January 2017. Global Standards