Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Regulator
Definition(s)
Regulator
Control valve used to regulate pressure or flow. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsRegulator
Regulator means:- in relation to a petroleum activity — NOPSEMA; or
- in relation to a greenhouse gas storage activity — the responsible Commonwealth Minister.
Regulator
Regulator means:- for a petroleum exploration permit, petroleum retention lease or petroleum production licence — the Titles Administrator; and
- for a greenhouse gas assessment permit or greenhouse gas holding lease — the responsible Commonwealth Minister.
Regulator
C-NLOPB, CNSOPB, and/or NEB as appropriate. Source: Source: Offshore Physical Environmental Guidelines, The Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, and National Energy Board, Canada, September 2008. Regulatory GuidanceRegulator
Authority established by a national governmental administration to oversee the activities of the offshore oil and natural gas industries within its jurisdiction, with respect to the overall safety to life and protection of the environment. NOTE 1 The term regulator can encompass more than one agency in any particular territorial waters. NOTE 2 The regulator can appoint other agencies, such as marine classification societies, to act on its behalf, and in such cases, the term regulator within this part of ISO 19905 includes such agencies. NOTE 3 Within this part of ISO 19905, the term regulator does not include any agency responsible for approvals to extract hydrocarbons, unless such agency also has responsibility for safety and environmental protection. NOTE 4 Adapted from ISO 19902:2007, definition 3.40. Source: ISO 19905-1:202, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units – Part 1: Jack-ups. Global StandardsEnvironmental Impact
Definition(s)
Environmental Impact
Any change to the environment whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s activities, products or services. Other Related Terms and Definitions: ISO-17776 – Any change to the environment whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s activities, products or services. [also ISO 14001]. IADC HSE Case Guidelines Issue 02 – Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organizations activities or services. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC GuidelinesEnvironmental Impact
Environmental impact means any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, that wholly or partially results from an activity of an operator. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Environment) Regulations 2009 (Statutory Rules 1999 No. 228 as amended), Australia, prepared on 1 January 2012. RegulationsEnvironmental Impact
Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization's activities, products or services. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global StandardsEnvironment
Definition(s)
Environment
Set of conditions to which the product is exposed. Source: API SPEC 14A, Specification for Subsurface Safety Valve Equipment, Eleventh Edition, October 2005 (Reaffirmed June 2012). Global Standards Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global StandardsEnvironment
“Environment” means the components of the Earth, and includes- land, water and air, including all layers of the atmosphere,
- all organic and inorganic matter and living organisms, and
- the interacting natural systems that include components referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b); environnement.
Environment
The surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC GuidelinesEnvironment
Surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelationships- Note 1 to entry: Surroundings can extend from within an organization to the local, regional and global system.
- Note 2 to entry: Surroundings can be described in terms of biodiversity, ecosystems, climate or other characteristics.
Environment
Surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global StandardsEnvironment
Environment means:- ecosystems and their constituent parts, including people and communities; and
- natural and physical resources; and
- the qualities and characteristics of locations, places and areas; and
- the heritage value of places; and includes
- the social, economic and cultural features of the matters mentioned in paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d).
Environment
The surroundings and conditions in which a company operates or which it may affect, including living systems (human and other) therein. Source: OGP Report No. 6.36/210, Guidelines for the Development and Application of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, July 1994. Global StandardsActivity
Definition(s)
Activity
Defined work of an asset, business or company that results in specific, measurable outputs. "Activities" in this guidance is a general term that may include individual tasks or groups of tasks, or it may define entire operations, initiatives or projects of the company. For the petroleum sector, example activities at the company level include oil and gas exploration, drilling, production, and processing, refining, and transport and marketing of products. Activities should also be considered for all periods of the asset or business lifecycle – for example, construction and decommissioning projects. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global StandardsActivity
“Activity” includes, unless the context otherwise requires, a diving project and standing a vessel by. Source: The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (Application outside Great Britain) Order 2001, UK S.I. 2013/214, 2013. RegulationsActivity
Activity means a petroleum activity or a greenhouse gas activity. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Environment) Regulations 2009 (Statutory Rules 1999 No. 228 as amended), Australia, prepared on 1 January 2012. RegulationsActivity
A reference in these Regulations to an activity includes, where the context permits, a reference to:- a proposed activity; and
- any stage of an activity.
Activity
Work to be carried out as part of a process characterized by a set of specific inputs and tasks that produce a set of outputs to meet customer requirements. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC GuidelinesActivity
Preparation for and implementation of operations. Source: NORSOK D-010, Well integrity in drilling and well operations, Rev. 3, August 2004. Global StandardsOIM
Definition(s)
OIM
Offshore Installation Manager (Person in Charge). Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC GuidelinesOIM
Offshore Installation Manager. Source: API RP 2D, Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Cranes, Seventh Edition, December 2014. Global Standards Source: Deep Water Well Control Guidlines. IADC Guidelines Source: IMO Resolution A.1079(28), Recommendations for the Training and Certification of Personnel on Mobile Offshore Units (MOUs), Adopted on 4 December 2013, International Maritime Organization, Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: OGP Report No. 476, Recommendations for enhancements to well control training, examination and certification, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, October 2012. Global Standards Source: Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response on Offshore Installations, Offshore Installations (Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response) Regulations 1995, Approved Code of Practice and guidance (UK HSE L65), Second Edition, 1997. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOGEPA Industrial Guideline No. 20, Alerting Procedure SAR Helicopter for Drifting Vessel (NUC) Offshore, Netherlands, Version 0, January 2009. Global Standards Source: NOGEPA Guideline 14, Helideck Operations and Procedures Manual, Netherlands, Version 2, December 2011. Global Standards Source: Rules for Classification and Construction, IV Industrial Services, 6 Offshore Technology, 9 Guideline for Personnel Transfers by Means of Lifting Appliances, Edition 2011, Germanischer Lloyd SE, Global StandardsLikelihood
Definition(s)
Likelihood
The chance of something happening, whether defined, measured, or estimated objectively or subjectively or in terms of general descriptors (such as rare, unlikely, likely, almost certain), frequencies, or probabilities. Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global StandardsLikelihood
The probability of a specified outcome (consequence) of an activity actually or potentially occurring. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global StandardsLikelihood
Chance of something happening. [SOURCE: ISO Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global StandardsLikelihood
Chance of something happening, whether defined, measured, or estimated objectively or subjectively or in terms of general descriptors (such as rare, unlikely, likely, almost certain), frequencies, or probabilities. Likelihood of the act is a function of two subcomponents, L1 and L2.
Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsLikelihood
The probability or frequency that a particular undesirable event will occur (AS/NZS 4360). E.g. The likelihood of being exposed to harmful levels of noise and/or ototoxins. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceLikelihood
Chance of something happening, whether defined, measured or estimated objectively or subjectively, or in terms of general descriptors (such as rare, unlikely, likely, almost certain), frequencies, or probabilities. Sample Usage: The likelihood of natural hazards can be estimated through the examination of historical data. Annotation:- Qualitative and semi-quantitative risk assessments can use qualitative estimates of likelihood such as high, medium, or low, which may be represented numerically but not mathematically. Quantitative assessments use mathematically derived values to represent likelihood.
- The likelihood of a successful attack occurring is typically broken into two related, multiplicative quantities: the likelihood that an attack occurs (which is a common mathematical representation of threat), and the likelihood that the attack succeeds, given that it is attempted (which is a common mathematical representation of vulnerability). In the context of natural hazards, likelihood of occurrence is typically informed by the frequency of past incidents or occurrences.
- The intelligence community typically estimates likelihood in bins or ranges such as "remote,"
- "unlikely," "even chance," "probable/likely," or "almost certain.‖
- Probability is a specific type of likelihood. Likelihood can be communicated using numbers (e.g. 0-100, 1-5) or phrases (e.g. low, medium, high), while probabilities must meet more stringent conditions.
Likelihood (Statistical)
Conditional probability of observing a particular event given the hypothesis under consideration is true Sample Usage: Analysts evaluated the likelihood of a breach in the border fence given their observations of population increases in area cities. Annotation:- Likelihood is used colloquially as a synonym for probability.
- In statistical usage there is a clear distinction between probability and likelihood: whereas probability allows us to predict unknown outcomes based on known parameters, likelihood allows us to estimate unknown parameters based on known outcomes.
- The probability of a successful attack occurring can be broken into two related quantities: the probability that an attack occurs (which is a common mathematical representation of threat), and the probability that the attack succeeds, given that it is attempted (which is a common mathematical representation of vulnerability). In the context of natural hazards, probability of occurrence is typically informed by the frequency of past incidents or occurrences. These probabilities are often colloquially referred to as likelihoods.
Likelihood
Chance of something happening.- NOTE: 1 In risk management terminology, the word “likelihood” is used to refer to the chance of something happening, whether defined, measured or determined objectively or subjectively, qualitatively or quantitatively, and described using general terms or mathematically [such as a probability (3.6.1.4) or a frequency (3.6.1.5) over a given time period].
- NOTE: 2 The English term “likelihood” does not have a direct equivalent in some languages; instead, the equivalent of the term “probability” is often used. However, in English, “probability” is often narrowly interpreted as a mathematical term. Therefore, in risk management terminology, “likelihood” is used with the intent that it should have the same broad interpretation as the term “probability” has in many languages other than English.
Control
Definition(s)
Control
An existing process, policy, device, practice or other action that acts to minimise adverse risk when correctly implemented and maintained (AS/NZS 4360). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceControl
<of hazards> limiting the extent or duration of a hazardous event. Note 1 to entry: The definition of control is specific in this International Standard and other definitions are used in other standards. Source: ISO 13702:2015, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines, Second Edition, August 2015. Global StandardsControl (of hazards)
Limiting the extent and/or duration of a hazardous event to prevent escalation. Source: ISO 15544:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Requirements and guidelines for emergency. Global Standards Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global StandardsControl
Measure that is modifying risk. [SOURCE: ISO Guide 73:2009]- Note 1 to entry: Controls include any process, policy, device, practice, or other actions which modify risk.
- Note 2 to entry: Controls may not always exert the intended or assumed modifying effect.
Control
Means of managing risk, including policies, procedures, guidelines, practices or organizational structures, which can be administrative, technical, management, or legal in nature. [ISO/IEC 27000:2009]- NOTE ISO Guide 73:2009 defines control as simply a measure that is modifying risk.
Control
Imposition of operational limits to the separation system. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsControl
See also Barrier. Barrier which reduces the probability of releasing the hazard’s potential for harm. (Preventing the Top Event.) Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC GuidelinesControl
Measure that is modifying risk (1.1). NOTE 1 Controls include any process, policy, device, practice, or other actions which modify risk. NOTE 2 Controls may not always exert the intended or assumed modifying effect. Source: ISO Guide 73:2009(E/F), Risk Management – Vocabulary, First Edition, 2009. Global StandardsControl
See also Barrier. Used specifically for a barrier which mitigates the consequences of an initial event. Source: OGP Report No. 415, Asset integrity – the key to managing major incident risks, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, December 2008. Global StandardsConsequence
Definition(s)
Consequence
Expected effect of an event that occurs. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global StandardsConsequence
The potential outcome of an event. A consequence is commonly measured in four ways: human, economic, mission, and psychological. A consequence may also include other factors such as impact on the environment.
Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global StandardsConsequence
The effect of an event, incident, or occurrence. Extended Definition: In cybersecurity, the effect of a loss of confidentiality, integrity or availability of information or an information system on an organization's operations, its assets, on individuals, other organizations, or on national interests. Adapted from: DHS Risk Lexicon, National Infrastructure Protection Plan, NIST SP 800-53 Rev 4 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsConsequence
The adverse effects of an extreme event, such as metocean, seismic, ice, or accidental, on personnel, the environment, or property. Source: API RP 2SIM, Structural Integrity Management of Fixed Offshore Structures, First Edition, November 2014. Global StandardsConsequence
A quantitative or qualitative measure of an adverse or beneficial outcome from an activity. Consequences could include harm to people, impact on the environment, effects on health, societal impacts, non-conformance to quality standard, security breaches, damage to property etc. Consequences may be "actual", resulting from an outcome such as an incident or exposure, or they may be "potential", based on an outcome that could have occurred for the same activity but with a variation in circumstances. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global StandardsConsequence
Outcome of an event affecting objectives. [SOURCE: ISO Guide 73:2009]- Note 1 to entry: An event can lead to a range of consequences.
- Note 2 to entry: A consequence can be certain or uncertain and in the context of information security is usually negative.
- Note 3 to entry: Consequences can be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively.
- Note 4 to entry: Initial consequences can escalate through knock-on effects.
Consequence
The outcome of an event, commonly measured in four ways-human, economic, mission, and psychological-but may also include other factors such as impact on the environment.
Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsConsequence
The adverse outcome or impact of a particular undesirable event (AS/NZS 4360). E.g. Hearing loss may be a consequence of exposure to harmful levels of noise and/or to toxins) (AS/NZS 4360). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceConsequence
Effect of an event, incident, or occurrence. Sample Usage: One consequence of the explosion was the loss of over 50 lives. Annotation: Consequence is commonly measured in four ways: human, economic, mission, and psychological, but may also include other factors such as impact on the environment. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory GuidanceConsequence
An event or chain of events that results from the release of a hazard. Other Related Terms and Definitions: ISO Guide 73 – (Harmful Event) – occurrence in which a hazardous situation results in harm. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC GuidelinesConsequence
Outcome of an event (3.5.1.3) affecting objectives.- NOTE: 1 An event can lead to a range of consequences.
- NOTE: 2 A consequence can be certain or uncertain and can have positive or negative effects on objectives.
- NOTE: 3 Consequences can be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively.
- NOTE: 4 Initial consequences can escalate through knock-on effects.