Control

Control

Definition(s)

Control

An existing process, policy, device, practice or other action that acts to minimise adverse risk when correctly implemented and maintained (AS/NZS 4360). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

Control

<of hazards> limiting the extent or duration of a hazardous event. Note 1 to entry: The definition of control is specific in this International Standard and other definitions are used in other standards. Source: ISO 13702:2015, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines, Second Edition, August 2015. Global Standards  

Control (of hazards)

Limiting the extent and/or duration of a hazardous event to prevent escalation. Source: ISO 15544:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Requirements and guidelines for emergency. Global Standards Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards  

Control

Measure that is modifying risk. [SOURCE: ISO Guide 73:2009]
  • Note 1 to entry: Controls include any process, policy, device, practice, or other actions which modify risk.
  • Note 2 to entry: Controls may not always exert the intended or assumed modifying effect.
Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global Standards  

Control

Means of managing risk, including policies, procedures, guidelines, practices or organizational structures, which can be administrative, technical, management, or legal in nature. [ISO/IEC 27000:2009]
  • NOTE ISO Guide 73:2009 defines control as simply a measure that is modifying risk.
Source: ISO/IEC 27032:2015, Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for cybersecurity, First Edition, July 2012. Global Standards  

Control

Imposition of operational limits to the separation system. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards  

Control

See also Barrier. Barrier which reduces the probability of releasing the hazard’s potential for harm. (Preventing the Top Event.) Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

Control

Measure that is modifying risk (1.1). NOTE 1 Controls include any process, policy, device, practice, or other actions which modify risk. NOTE 2 Controls may not always exert the intended or assumed modifying effect. Source: ISO Guide 73:2009(E/F), Risk Management – Vocabulary, First Edition, 2009. Global Standards  

Control

See also Barrier. Used specifically for a barrier which mitigates the consequences of an initial event. Source: OGP Report No. 415, Asset integrity – the key to managing major incident risks, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, December 2008. Global Standards
Consequence

Consequence

Definition(s)

Consequence

Expected effect of an event that occurs. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards  

Consequence

The potential outcome of an event. A consequence is commonly measured in four ways: human, economic, mission, and psychological. A consequence may also include other factors such as impact on the environment.

Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global Standards

Consequence

The effect of an event, incident, or occurrence. Extended Definition: In cybersecurity, the effect of a loss of confidentiality, integrity or availability of information or an information system on an organization's operations, its assets, on individuals, other organizations, or on national interests. Adapted from: DHS Risk Lexicon, National Infrastructure Protection Plan, NIST SP 800-53 Rev 4 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards

Consequence

The adverse effects of an extreme event, such as metocean, seismic, ice, or accidental, on personnel, the environment, or property. Source: API RP 2SIM, Structural Integrity Management of Fixed Offshore Structures, First Edition, November 2014. Global Standards  

Consequence

A quantitative or qualitative measure of an adverse or beneficial outcome from an activity. Consequences could include harm to people, impact on the environment, effects on health, societal impacts, non-conformance to quality standard, security breaches, damage to property etc. Consequences may be "actual", resulting from an outcome such as an incident or exposure, or they may be "potential", based on an outcome that could have occurred for the same activity but with a variation in circumstances. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards  

Consequence

Outcome of an event affecting objectives. [SOURCE: ISO Guide 73:2009]
  • Note 1 to entry: An event can lead to a range of consequences.
  • Note 2 to entry: A consequence can be certain or uncertain and in the context of information security is usually negative.
  • Note 3 to entry: Consequences can be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively.
  • Note 4 to entry: Initial consequences can escalate through knock-on effects.
Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global Standards  

Consequence

The outcome of an event, commonly measured in four ways-human, economic, mission, and psychological-but may also include other factors such as impact on the environment.

Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global Standards  

Consequence

The adverse outcome or impact of a particular undesirable event (AS/NZS 4360). E.g. Hearing loss may be a consequence of exposure to harmful levels of noise and/or to toxins) (AS/NZS 4360). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

Consequence

Effect of an event, incident, or occurrence. Sample Usage: One consequence of the explosion was the loss of over 50 lives. Annotation: Consequence is commonly measured in four ways: human, economic, mission, and psychological, but may also include other factors such as impact on the environment. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory Guidance

Consequence

An event or chain of events that results from the release of a hazard. Other Related Terms and Definitions: ISO Guide 73 – (Harmful Event) – occurrence in which a hazardous situation results in harm. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

Consequence

Outcome of an event (3.5.1.3) affecting objectives.
  • NOTE: 1 An event can lead to a range of consequences.
  • NOTE: 2 A consequence can be certain or uncertain and can have positive or negative effects on objectives.
  • NOTE: 3 Consequences can be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively.
  • NOTE: 4 Initial consequences can escalate through knock-on effects.
Source: ISO Guide 73:2009(E/F), Risk Management – Vocabulary, First Edition, 2009. Global Standards
OOC

OOC

Definition(s)

OOC

Offshore Operators Committee. Source: API RP 14G, Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and Control on Fixed Open-type Offshore Production Platforms: Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, April 2007. Global Standards Source: Deepwater Well Control Guidelines. IADC Guidelines
IR

IR

Definition(s)

IR

Infrared Source: API RP 14G, Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and Control on Fixed Open-type Offshore Production Platforms: Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, April 2007. Global Standards Source: Deepwater Well Control Guidelines. IADC Guidelines
ISO

ISO

Definition(s)

ISO

Inspection isometric drawing. Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

ISO

International Organization for Standardization. Source: Rules for Classification – Offshore units, DNVGL-OU-0101, Offshore drilling and support units, DNV GL, July 2015. Global Standards Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards Source: NORSOK D-002, Well intervention equipment, Rev. 2, June 2013. Global Standards Source: Incident Reporting and Investigation Guidelines, The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, November 30, 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: Oil & Gas UK, Guidelines on subsea BOP systems, Issue 1, July 2012, Global Standards Source: API Spec Q2, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Service,  Supply Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Upstream Segment, First Edition, December 2011. Global Standards Source: Environmental Protection Plan Guidelines, The Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, and National Energy Board, Canada, March 31, 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: 117 OLF, Norwegian Oil and Gas Association recommended guidelines for Well Integrity, No. 117, Revision No. 4, June 2011. Global Standards Source: Safety Plan Guidelines, The Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, and National Energy Board, Canada, March 31, 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National Standard Source: API RP 2FB, Recommended Practice for the Design of Offshore Facilities Against Fire and Blast Loading, First Edition, April 2006. Global Standards  

ISO

International Standards Organisation. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

ISO

International organisation of standardisation. Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global Standards Source:  Offshore Waste Treatment Guidelines, The Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, and National Energy Board, Canada, December 15, 2010. Regulatory Guidance  

ISO

International Organisation for Standardisation. Source: NOGEPA Industrial Guideline No. 44, Standards and Acceptance Guidelines, Enhance QA/QC for Critical Well Components, Netherlands, Version 0, July 2011. Global Standards  

ISO

International Standardisation Organisation Source: Verification of Lifting Appliances for the Oil and Gas Industry, DNV-OSS-308, October 2010, Det Norske Veritas AS, Global Standards
HVAC

HVAC

Definition(s)

HVAC

Rockwell hardness C scale. Source: ISO 21457:2010, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems, First Edition,September 2010. Global Standards

HVAC

Heating Ventilation and Air-conditioning. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

HVAC

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Source: NORSOK D-001, Drilling facilities, Rev. 3, December 2012. Global Standards Source: ISO 13702:2015, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines, Second Edition, August 2015. Global Standards  
IRPA

IRPA

Definition(s)

IRPA

Individual Risk Per Annum. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance. Regulatory Guidance  

Individual Risk Per Annum (IRPA)

The probability that an individual will become a fatality each year. Source:  International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines
EERA

EERA

Definition(s)

EERA

Evacuation, Escape and Rescue Analysis. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance. Regulatory Guidance
CBA

CBA

Definition(s)

CBA

Cost-benefit Analysis. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory Guidance

Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)

An analysis which evaluates the costs to be made versus the benefits obtained to reduce risk associated with an activity. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines

CBA

Cost Benefit Analysis. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance
JSA

JSA

Definition(s)

JSA

Job hazard analysis (JHA) accompanied by a risk assessment (RA), used to identify controls such as PPE requirements: JHA + RA = JSA. Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global Standards

JSA

Job Safety Analysis. Source: API RP 2D, Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Cranes, Seventh Edition, December 2014. Global Standards Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global Standards Source: API  Bulletin 97, Well Construction Interface Document Guidelines, First Edition, December 2013. Global Standards Source: Deepwater Well Control Guidelines. IADC Guidelines Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

A method that can be used to identify, analyze and record: (1) the steps involved in performing a specific job; (2) the existing or potential safety and health hazards associated with each step; and (3) the recommended action(s)/procedure(s) that will eliminate or reduce these hazards and the risk of an injury or illness. (Used interchangeably with the terms “Job Hazard Analysis”, but also refer to “Task Risk Analysis” for the purposes of this guideline.) Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines
JHA

JHA

Definition(s)

JHA

Safety management technique that is used to anticipate and identify hazards in order to make decisions to appropriately control the hazards associated with a process, job, or procedure. NOTE Any job that has actual or potential hazards is a candidate for a JHA. Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global Standards

JHA

Job Hazard Analysis. Source: ISO 17776:2016, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore production installations — Major accident hazard management during the design of new installations, Second Edition, December 2016. Global Standards Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global Standards Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines
HAZID

HAZID

Definition(s)

HAZID

Hazard Identification Study. Source: ISO 17776:2016, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore production installations — Major accident hazard management during the design of new installations, Second Edition, December 2016. Global Standards Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  

Hazard Identification (HAZID)

A process to find, list and characterize hazards. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

HAZID

Hazard identification. Source:  DNVGL-RP-G108, Cyber security in the oil and gas industry based on IEC 62443, DNV GL, September 2017. Global Standards Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards Source: Deepwater Well Control Guidelines. IADC Guidelines Source: ISO 20815:2008, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Production assurance and reliability management. Global Standards Source: Rules for Classification and Construction, IV Industrial Services, 6 Offshore Technology, 9 Guideline for Personnel Transfers by Means of Lifting Appliances, Edition 2011, Germanischer Lloyd SE, Global Standards Source: Verification of Lifting Appliances for the Oil and Gas Industry, DNV-OSS-308, October 2010, Det Norske Veritas AS, Global Standards
EER

EER

Definition(s)

EER

Escape, Evacuation and Rescue. Source: ISO 17776:2016, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore production installations — Major accident hazard management during the design of new installations, Second Edition, December 2016. Global Standards Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: ISO 19900:2013, Petroleum and natural gas industries – General requirements for offshore structures. Global Standards  

EER

Range of possible actions in an emergency. NOTE Such actions may include escape, muster, refuge, evacuation, escape to the sea and rescue/recovery. Source: ISO 15544:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Requirements and guidelines for emergency. Global Standards  

EER

Evacuation, escape, and rescue Source: ISO 13702:2015, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines, Second Edition, August 2015. Global Standards  

EER

Evacuation, Escape and Rescue Analysis. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  

EER (evacuation, escape, and rescue)

Range of possible actions including escape, muster, refuge, evacuation, escape to the sea, and rescue/recovery. Source: ISO 13702:2015, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines, Second Edition, August 2015. Global Standards
Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment

Definition(s)

Risk Assessment

The process of determining the likelihood of a threat successfully exploiting vulnerability and the resulting degree of consequences (C) on an asset. A risk assessment provides the basis for rank ordering of risks and thus establishing priorities for the application of countermeasure. Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global Standards

Risk Assessment

Risk (R) assessment is the process of determining the likelihood of a threat (T) successfully exploiting vulnerability (V) and the resulting degree of consequences (C) on an asset. A risk assessment provides the basis for rank ordering of risks and thus establishing priorities for the application of countermeasures.

Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

Risk Assessment

The identification and analysis, either qualitative or quantitative, of the likelihood and outcome of specific hazard exposure events or scenarios with judgements of probability and consequences. Source: API Standards 2217A, Guidelines for Safe Work in Inert Confined Spaces in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, Fourth Edition, July 2009. Global Standards

Risk Assessment

The identification and analysis, either qualitative or quantitative, of the likelihood and outcome of specific events or scenarios with judgements of probability and consequences. API RP 2201, Safe Hot Tapping Practices in the Petroleum & Petrochemical Industries, Fifth Edition, July 2003 (Reaffirmed October 2010), Global Standards API RP 2009, Safe Welding, Cutting, and Hot Work Practices in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, Seventh Edition, February 2002 (Reaffirmed, March 2012), Global Standards

Risk Assessment

Component of a JSA, where a determination of the expected level (severity) of illness, injury, and/or property damage that an identified hazard can cause is coupled with the frequency (probability) of that level of hazard occurring.
  • NOTE: 1 This is then plotted on a matrix to determine the level of risk associated with that job.
  • NOTE: 2 If the level of risk is not acceptable, control measures are introduced to reduce the risk to an acceptable level.
Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global Standards  

Risk Assessment

Product or process which collects information and assigns values to risks for the purpose of informing priorities, developing or comparing courses of action, and informing decision making. Sample Usage: The analysts produced a risk assessment outlining risks to the aviation industry. Extended Definition: appraisal of the risks facing an entity, asset, system, network, geographic area or other grouping Annotation: A risk assessment can be the resulting product created through analysis of the component parts of risk. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory Guidanc  

Risk Assessment

A process that provides a consistent and comparable evaluation of the relative level of different risks introduced by company activities. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards  

Risk Assessment

Overall process of risk identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation. [SOURCE: ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.4.1] Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

Risk Assessment

Risk assessment includes both qualitative and quantitative risk assessment. Source: Guidance Notes on Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules, 2008, Oil Industry Safety Directorate (India), 2012. Regulatory Guidance  

Risk Assessment

The product or process which collects information and assigns values to risks for the purpose of informing priorities, developing or comparing courses of action, and informing decision making. Extended Definition: The appraisal of the risks facing an entity, asset, system, or network, organizational operations, individuals, geographic area, other organizations, or society, and includes determining the extent to which adverse circumstances or events could result in harmful consequences. Adapted from: DHS Risk Lexicon, CNSSI 4009, NIST SP 800-53 Rev 4. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards

Risk Assessment

Risk assessment is the process of estimating the likelihood of an occurrence of specific consequences (undesirable events) of a given severity. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

Risk Assessment

Overall process of risk analysis and risk evaluation. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards Source: ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards, Global Standards  

Risk Assessment

Overall process of risk analysis and risk evaluation. Other Related Terms and Definitions: ISO Guide 73 – Overall process of risk analysis and risk evaluation. ISO-17776 – Overall process of risk analysis and risk evaluation. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source:  Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health & Safety Requirements, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, December 2000. Regulations  

Risk assessment

Overall process of risk identification (3.5.1), risk analysis (3.6.1) and risk evaluation (3.7.1). Source: ISO Guide 73:2009(E/F), Risk Management – Vocabulary, First Edition, 2009. Global Standards  

Risk assessment

A risk assessment is a careful examination of what causes harm and an evaluation of precautions that can be taken to prevent harm. Source: Commercial Diving Projects Offshore, Diving at Work Regulations 1997, Approved Code of Practice (UK HSE L103), First Edition, 1998. Regulatory Guidance  

Risk assessment

Process that systematically identifies potential vulnerabilities to valuable system resources and threats to those resources, quantifies loss exposures and consequences based on probability of occurrence, and (optionally) recommends how to allocate resources to countermeasures to minimize total exposure.
  • NOTE: Types of resources include physical, logical and human.
  • NOTE: Risk assessments are often combined with vulnerability assessments to identify vulnerabilities and quantify the associated risk. They are carried out initially and periodically to reflect changes in the organization's risk tolerance, vulnerabilities, procedures, personnel and technological changes.
Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National Standard
Performance Standard

Performance Standard

Definition(s)

Performance standard

Defined limit placed on characteristics of materials, products or services. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards

Performance standard

Statement, which can be expressed in qualitative or quantitative terms, of the performance required of a system or item of equipment in order for it to satisfactorily fulfil its purpose. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards

Performance standard

Measureable statement, expressed in qualitative or quantitative terms, of the performance required of a system, item of equipment, person or procedure, and that is relied upon as a basis for managing a hazard
  • Note 1 to entry: Hardware performance standards address the functionality, reliability, survivability and interdependency of barriers under emergency conditions.
[SOURCE: IOGP Report No. 415] Source: ISO 17776:2016, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore production installations — Major accident hazard management during the design of new installations, Second Edition, December 2016. Global Standards

Performance standard

Performance standard means a standard, established by the operator, of the performance required of a system, item of equipment, person or procedure which is used as a basis for managing the risk of a major accident event [OPGGS(S) Regulation 1.5]. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  

Performance standard

Performance standard means a standard, established by the operator, of the performance required of a system, item of equipment, person or procedure which is used as a basis for managing the risk of a major accident event. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Safety) Regulations 2009 (Select Legislative Instrument 2009 No. 382 as amended), Australia, prepared on 1 January 2012. Regulations  

Performance Standard

Describes the essential requirements which can be expressed in quantitative or qualitative terms, of the performance required of a system, item or equipment, or procedure that should be maintained throughout its working life.  Some companies also refer to Performance Standards as goals or targets. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

Performance standards

A measurable statement, expressed in qualitative or quantitative terms, of the performance required of a system, item of equipment, person, or procedure, and that is relied upon as the basis for managing a hazard. Source: OGP Report No. 415, Asset integrity – the key to managing major incident risks, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, December 2008. Global Standards  

Performance standards

The Guidelines describe the elements of the HSEMS model and their interrelationships. These—or similar—elements are described by some regulators and companies as ‘performance standards’. This term should not, however, be confused with ‘performance criteria’, which are lower-level specifications for the performance of operations. Source: OGP Report No. 6.36/210, Guidelines for the Development and Application of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, July 1994. Global Standards
Hazard Identification (HAZID)

Hazard Identification (HAZID)

Definition(s)

Hazard Identification (HAZID)

A process to find, list and characterize hazards. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines

Hazard identification

Hazard Identification is the process of identifying potential hazards. In the context of the OPGGS(S) Regulations, hazard identification involves identifying all hazards having the potential to cause a major accident event [OPGGS(S) subregulation 2.5(2)(a)], and the continual and systematic identification of hazards to health and safety of persons at or near the facility [OPGGS(S) subregulation 2.5(3))(c)]. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  

Hazard identification

estimation of potential consequences to the employees’ health and, if feasible , of probability of occurrence, evaluation of needs for remedial actions, development of recommendations for remedial actions and/or follow-up activities, identification of nonconformities and problems in meeting specified requirements Source: Rules for Classification and Construction, IV Industrial Services, 6 Offshore Technology, 9 Guideline for Personnel Transfers by Means of Lifting Appliances, Edition 2011, Germanischer Lloyd SE, Global Standards
Hazard

Hazard

Definition(s)

Hazard

Source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to cause loss (any negative consequence). Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards

Hazard

A source of potential harm.
  • NOTE: Harm includes ill health and injury; damage to property, equipment, products or the environment; production losses, or increased liabilities.
Source: API  Bulletin 97, Well Construction Interface Document Guidelines, First Edition, December 2013. Global Standards

Hazard

Potential for adverse or harmful consequences. In practical terms, a hazard is often associated with an activity or condition that, if left uncontrolled, can result in injury, illness, death, property damage, business interruption, harm to the environment, or an impact on the reputation of an entity. Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global Standards  

Hazard

An inherent chemical or physical property with the potential to do harm (flammability, toxicity, corrosivity, stored chemical or mechanical energy). API RP 2009, Safe Welding, Cutting, and Hot Work Practices in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, Seventh Edition, February 2002 (Reaffirmed, March 2012), Global Standards  

Hazard

A situation or inherent chemical or physical property with the potential to do harm (flammability, oxygen deficiency, toxicity, corrosivity, stored electrical, chemical or mechanical energy). Source: API Standards 2217A, Guidelines for Safe Work in Inert Confined Spaces in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, Fourth Edition, July 2009. Global Standards

Hazard

A hazard is something with the potential to cause harm. This may include water, environmental factors, plant, methods of diving and other aspects of work organisation. Source: Commercial Diving Projects Offshore, Diving at Work Regulations 1997, Approved Code of Practice (UK HSE L103), First Edition, 1998. Regulatory Guidance  

Hazard

Natural or man-made source or cause of harm or difficulty Sample Usage: Improperly maintained or protected storage tanks present a potential hazard. Annotation:
  1. A hazard differs from a threat in that a threat is directed at an entity, asset, system, network, or geographic area, while a hazard is not directed.
  2. A hazard can be actual or potential.
Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory Guidance  

Hazard

A possible source of an adverse environmental effect management system the system required by section 5 of the Regulations, that integrates operations and technical systems with the management of financial and human resources to ensure compliance with the Act and the Regulations. Source: Environmental Protection Plan Guidelines, The Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, and National Energy Board, Canada, March 31, 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

Hazard

“Hazard” means any existing or potential practice or condition or any current or future set of circumstances associated with injury or illness to a person, whether or not the injury or illness occurs immediately or results in delayed effects that are deleterious to health or safety. Source:  Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health & Safety Requirements, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, December 2000. Regulations  

Hazard

Any existing or potential practice or condition that may result in injury or illness to a person, damage to property or an adverse environmental effect. Incident Reporting and Investigation Guidelines, The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, November 30, 2012. Regulatory Guidance  

Hazard

An intrinsic property of anything with the potential to cause harm. Harm includes ill health and injury, damage to property, plant, products or the environment, production losses, or increased liabilities. Other Related Terms and Definitions: ISO-17776 – Potential source of harm (also in ISO Guide 51). IADC HSE Case Guidelines Issue 02 – The intrinsic property or ability of an agent with the potential to cause harm, including ill-health and injury, damage to property, plant, products or the environment, production losses, or increased liabilities. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

Hazard

An object, physical effect or condition with the potential to harm people, the environment or property. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards  

Hazard

Situation or event with the potential to cause any, or all, of human injury, damage to the environment, and damage to property Source: ISO 19900:2013, Petroleum and natural gas industries – General requirements for offshore structures. Global Standards  

Hazard

Potential for human injury, damage to the environment, damage to property or a combination of these. Source: ISO 15544:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Requirements and guidelines for emergency. Global Standards  

Hazard

Potential source of harm.
  • NOTE: In the context of this International Standard, the potential harm may relate to human injury, damage to the environment, damage to property, or a combination of these.
Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards  

Hazard

Potential source of harm.
  • Note: 1 to entry: Hazard can be a risk source for potential for human injury, damage to the environment, damage to property, or a combination of these.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014] Source: ISO 17776:2016, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore production installations — Major accident hazard management during the design of new installations, Second Edition, December 2016. Global Standards Source: ISO 13702:2015, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines, Second Edition, August 2015. Global Standards  

Hazard

Potential source of harm
  • NOTE: The term hazard can be qualified in order to define its origin or the nature of the expected harm (e.g. electric shock hazard, crushing hazard, cutting hazard, toxic hazard, fire hazard, drowning hazard).
Source: ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards, Global Standards  

Hazard

Source of potential harm.
  • NOTE: Hazard can be a risk source (3.5.1.2).
Source: ISO Guide 73:2009(E/F), Risk Management – Vocabulary, First Edition, 2009. Global Standards  

Hazard

A natural or man-made source or cause of harm or difficulty. From: DHS Risk Lexicon. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards  

Hazard

Natural or man-made source or cause of harm or difficulty.

Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

Hazard

A Hazard is defined as a situation with the potential for causing harm to human health or safety. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

Hazard

The potential to cause harm, including ill health or injury; damage to property, plant, products or the environment; production losses or increased liabilities. Source: OGP Report No. 6.36/210, Guidelines for the Development and Application of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, July 1994. Global Standards  

Hazard

A source or situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health5, whether it be a major hazard identified in studies or an occupational hazard. Note: CSA Z1000-06 Occupational Health and Safety Management. Source: Safety Plan Guidelines, The Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, and National Energy Board, Canada, March 31, 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

Hazard

"Hazard" means any occupational condition or circumstance which is likely to cause death, injury or illness. Source: State of Wyoming Occupational Safety and Health Rules and Regulations for Oil and Gas Well Drilling, Revised January 8, 2013. Regulations  

Hazard

An activity, arrangement, circumstance, event, occurrence, phenomenon, process, situation, or substance (whether arising or caused within or outside a place of work) that is an actual or potential cause or source of harm. *Indicates that the definition has been extracted from the HSE Act. Source: Approved Code of Practice for Managing Hazards to Prevent Major Industrial Accidents, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Department of Labour, New Zealand, July 1994. Regulatory Guidance  

Hazard

(a) means an activity, arrangement, circumstance, event, occurrence, phenomenon, process, situation, or substance (whether arising or caused within or outside a place of work) that is an actual or potential cause or source of harm; and (b) includes (i) a situation where a person’s behaviour may be an actual or potential cause or source of harm to the person or another person; and (ii) without limitation, a situation described in subparagraph (i) resulting from physical or mental fatigue, drugs, alcohol, traumatic shock, or another temporary condition that affects a person’s behavior. Source: Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Public Act 1992 No 96, New Zealand, as of 1 July 2011. Legislation  

Hazard

A deviation (departure from the design and operating intention) which could cause damage, injury or other form of loss (Chemical Industries Association HAZOP Guide). Source: Verification of Lifting Appliances for the Oil and Gas Industry, DNV-OSS-308, October 2010, Det Norske Veritas AS, Global Standards
SMS

SMS

Definition(s)

SMS

Security Management System .

Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global Standards

SMS

Safety Management System. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response on Offshore Installations, Offshore Installations (Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response) Regulations 1995, Approved Code of Practice and guidance (UK HSE L65), Second Edition, 1997. Regulatory Guidance Source: A Guide to the Offshore Installations and Pipelines Works (Management and Administration) Regulations 1995, Guidance on Regulations (UK HSE L70), Second Edition, 2002. Regulatory Guidance Source: Safety Plan Guidelines, The Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, and National Energy Board, Canada, March 31, 2011. Regulatory Guidance
PTW

PTW

Definition(s)

PTW

Permit to Work. Source: API RP 2D, Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Cranes, Seventh Edition, December 2014. Global Standards Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global Standards  
MAE

MAE

Definition(s)

MAE

Major Accident Event. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance    
FSA

FSA

Definition(s)

FSA

Formal Safety Assessment. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

FSA

Value equal to the local peak alternating stress in a component (including welds) divided by the nominal alternating stress in the pipe wall at the location of the  component. NOTE This factor is used to account for the increase in the stresses caused by geometric stress amplifiers that occur in riser components. Source: ISO 13624-1:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Drilling and production equipment – Part 1:Design and operation of marine drilling riser equipment. Global Standards  
ALARP

ALARP

Definition(s)

ALARP

As Low As Reasonably Practicable. Source:  DNVGL-RP-G108, Cyber security in the oil and gas industry based on IEC 62443, DNV GL, September 2017. Global Standards Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards Source: Oil & Gas UK, Guidelines on subsea BOP systems, Issue 1, July 2012, Global Standards Source: OGP Report No. 476, Recommendations for enhancements to well control training, examination and certification, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, October 2012. Global Standards Source: 117 OLF, Norwegian Oil and Gas Association recommended guidelines for Well Integrity, No. 117, Revision No. 4, June 2011. Global Standards Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: OGP Report No. 476, Recommendations for enhancements to well control training, examination and certification, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, October 2012. Global Standards Source: Rules for Classification and Construction, IV Industrial Services, 6 Offshore Technology, 9 Guideline for Personnel Transfers by Means of Lifting Appliances, Edition 2011, Germanischer Lloyd SE, Global Standards

ALARP

As low as reasonably practical. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards  

ALARP

Implementation of risk-reducing measures until the cost (including time, capital costs or other resources/assets) of further risk reduction is disproportional to the potential risk reducing effect achieved by implementing any additional measure
  • Note: 1 to entry: See UK HSE
Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards  

ALARP/ALARA

"As Low as Reasonably Practicable" (ALARP) is a commonly applied, judgement-based, principle to assess whether risk controls/barriers are sufficient. It recognises the concept of proportionality between costs and efforts expended, and risk reduction benefit. "As Low as (is) Reasonably Achievable" (ALARA) is based on similar principles to ensure the residual risk will be as low as reasonably practicable. The principle recognises that it is generally not possible to eliminate risk entirely, but it aims to demonstrate that the risk of an activity has been reduced to a level acceptable to stakeholders. To reduce a risk to a level "as low as reasonably practicable" represents the point where the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. The UK HSE has produced extensive guidance on ALARP, including "Principles and guidelines ro assist HSE in its judgements that duty-holders have reduced risk as low as reasonably practicable" http:/ /www.hse.gov.uk/risk/theory/alarpl.htm. In the United States of America, ALARA is almost exclusively used in the field of radiation protection and is defined in Tide 10, Section 20.1003 of the Code ofFederal Regulations (10 CFR20.1003). Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards

ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)

A process for assessing the amount of effort and resources that should reasonably be applied to reduce risk.  Reducing a risk to a level which is ALARP involves objectively determining the balance where the effort and cost of further reduction measures become disproportionate to the additional amount of risk reduction obtained. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

To reduce a risk to a level which is ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ involves balancing reduction in risk against the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of achieving it. This level represents the point, objectively assessed, at which the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. Source: OGP Report No. 6.36/210, Guidelines for the Development and Application of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, July 1994. Global Standards

As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

A phrase used in the Regulations and the Act. The concept has been elaborated in various legal judgements. (There is voluminous relevant guidance available from Australia and elsewhere, e.g. the UK HSE.) (The related phrase “reasonably practicable” is used frequently in the Act.)The legal definition of “reasonably practicable” was set out in England by Lord Justice Asquith in Edwards v National Coal Board [1949] who said: “‘Reasonably practicable’ is a narrower term than ‘physically possible’ and seems to me to imply that a computation must be made by the owner, in which the quantum of risk is placed on one scale and the sacrifice involved in the measures necessary for averting the risk (whether in money, time or trouble) is placed in the other; and that if it be shown that there is a gross disproportion between them — the risk being insignificant in relation to the sacrifice — the defendants discharge the onus on them. Moreover, this computation falls to be made by the owner at a point of time anterior to the accident.” This English decision has since been confirmed by the Australian High Court. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

ALARP

This term refers to reducing risk to a level that is As Low As Reasonably Practicable. In practice, this means that the operator has to show through reasoned and supported arguments that there are no other practicable options that could reasonably be adopted to reduce risks further. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance
As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)

As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)

Definition(s)

As Low As Reasonably Practicable

Implementation of risk-reducing measures until the cost (including time, capital costs or other resources/assets) of further risk reduction is disproportional to the potential risk reducing effect achieved by implementing any additional measure.

Note 1 to entry: See UK HSE.

Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards

ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)

A process for assessing the amount of effort and resources that should reasonably be applied to reduce risk.  Reducing a risk to a level which is ALARP involves objectively determining the balance where the effort and cost of further reduction measures become disproportionate to the additional amount of risk reduction obtained. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

A phrase used in the Regulations and the Act. The concept has been elaborated in various legal judgements. (There is voluminous relevant guidance available from Australia and elsewhere, e.g. the UK HSE.) (The related phrase “reasonably practicable” is used frequently in the Act.)The legal definition of “reasonably practicable” was set out in England by Lord Justice Asquith in Edwards v National Coal Board [1949] who said: “‘Reasonably practicable’ is a narrower term than ‘physically possible’ and seems to me to imply that a computation must be made by the owner, in which the quantum of risk is placed on one scale and the sacrifice involved in the measures necessary for averting the risk (whether in money, time or trouble) is placed in the other; and that if it be shown that there is a gross disproportion between them — the risk being insignificant in relation to the sacrifice — the defendants discharge the onus on them. Moreover, this computation falls to be made by the owner at a point of time anterior to the accident.” This English decision has since been confirmed by the Australian High Court Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

To reduce a risk to a level which is ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ involves balancing reduction in risk against the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of achieving it. This level represents the point, objectively assessed, at which the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. Source: OGP Report No. 6.36/210, Guidelines for the Development and Application of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, July 1994. Global Standards
HPHT

HPHT

Definition(s)

HPHT

High-pressure high-temperature. Source: API Specification 16Q, Design, Selection, Operation, and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, Second Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global Standards Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source:  International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: Oil & Gas UK, Guidelines on subsea BOP systems, Issue 1, July 2012, Global Standards  

HPHT

High pressure and/or high temperature. Source: OGP Report No. 476, Recommendations for enhancements to well control training, examination and certification, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, October 2012. Global Standards  

HPHT

High Pressure High Temperature. Source: NOGEPA Industrial Guideline No. 43, Surface BOP Review, Best Practices Checklist, Netherlands, Version 0, December 2011. Global Standards Source: NORSOK D-010, Well integrity in drilling and well operations, Rev. 3, August 2004. Global Standards  

HP/HT

High pressure/high temperature. Source: NORSOK D-001, Drilling facilities, Rev. 3, December 2012. Global Standards
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

Definition(s)

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) means a systematic analysis of systems and sub-systems to a level of detail that identifies all potential failure modes down to the appropriate sub-system level and their consequences.

Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1580, GUIDELINES FOR VESSELS AND UNITS WITH DYNAMIC POSITIONING (DP) SYSTEMS, 16 June 2017, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

A systematic analysis of systems and sub-systems to a level of detail that identifies all potential failure modes down to the appropriate sub-system level and their consequences. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

FMEA is a methodology developed during the 1940s by the U.S. armed forces. It was later used in aerospace. It was applied to hazard analysis and critical control point during the race to the Moon. It was introduced to the automotive industry in the 1970s. The oil and gas sector started using FMEA in the late 1990s. The FMEA methodology is currently an accepted practice used by the many oil and gas companies and suppliers as part of their toolkit in various areas of operations and design. The FMEA is designed to identify failure modes and hazards affecting a focus item (focus items can be a component, a subsystem, or a system). The main goal is to come up with solutions to prevent the failure from happening, hence, improving the reliability of the focus item. It is preferably applied at as many levels as feasible of the system in question to include more specific solutions. The narrower the focus of the FMEA, the more specific the solution to the problem. FMEA has been used extensively in other industries, and it is becoming an integral part of the development process in the upstream oil and gas industry. The FMEA table follows the validation process discussed in the main document and presented in Figure C.1. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

A hazard identification technique in which known failure modes of components or features of a system are considered and undesired outcomes are noted.  FMEA is related to Fault Tree and Event Tree Analyses. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a tabulation of each item of equipment, its failure modes, and the effects on a system of any such failure. The FMEA technique concentrates on the cause and effect of failure of individual components or systems. Source: Approved Code of Practice for Managing Hazards to Prevent Major Industrial Accidents, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Department of Labour, New Zealand, July 1994. Regulatory Guidance
SWF

SWF

Definition(s)

SWF

Shallow water flow. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 65, Cementing Shallow Water Flow Zones in Deepwater Wells, First Edition, September 2002 (August 2003). Global Standards Source: Deepwater Well Control Guidelines. IADC Guidelines
QA

QA

Definition(s)

QA

Quality Assurance. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: ISO 20815:2008, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Production assurance and reliability management. Global Standards Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: ISO 19900:2013, Petroleum and natural gas industries – General requirements for offshore structures. Global Standards  

QA

All planned, systematic, and preventative actions specified to determine if materials, equipment, or services will meet specified requirements so that equipment will perform satisfactorily in service. The minimum contents of a QA inspection manual for in-service inspection are outlined in 4.1.2.

Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards
FOSV (Full-opening safety valve)

FOSV (Full-opening safety valve)

Definition(s)

FOSV

Full-opening safety valve. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: Deepwater Well Control Guidelines. IADC Guidelines
C&K

C&K

Definition(s)

C&K

Choke and kill. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: Deepwater Well Control Guidelines. IADC Guidelines
WBM

WBM

Definition(s)

WBM

Water-based mud. Source: API RP 7G-2, Recommended Practice for Inspection and Classification of Used Drill Stem Elements, First Edition, August 2009. Global Standards Source: Deepwater Well Control Guidelines. IADC Guidelines