Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Snubbing
Definition(s)
Snubbing
Pulling or running pipe under pressure through a sealing element where special equipment is used to apply external force to push the pipe into the well, or to control the pipe movement out of the well. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsSnubbing
Conducting tripping operations when the force acting on the drill string or coiled tubing from the wellbore pressure equals or exceeds the drill string or coiled tubing weight. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsSnubbing
“Snubbing” means pulling or running pipe under pressure through a resilient sealing element where special equipment is used to apply external force to push the pipe into the well or to control the pipe movement out of the well. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsSnubbing
Snubbing units as mentioned in the last subsection, means mobile units that are installed so that forces are transferred directly to the wellhead. Source: Guidelines Regarding the Facilities Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory GuidanceSnubbing
Intervention using jointed pipe and where the primary well control is at surface. Source: NORSOK D-002, Well intervention equipment, Rev. 2, June 2013. Global StandardsSafety Valve
Definition(s)
Safety Valve
Spring-loaded pressure-relief valve actuated by the static pressure upstream of the valve and characterized by rapid opening or pop action.- NOTE: A safety valve is normally used with compressible fluids.
Safety Valve (stabbing valve)
A full opening valve available for quick installation in the pipe string to prevent flow. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsSafety Valve
“Safety valve” means a valve available for quick installation in the pipe string to prevent flow. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsRod
Definition(s)
Rod (sucker rod)
A length of steel, aluminum, fiberglass, or other suitable material, a number of which are screwed together to make up the mechanical link (rod string) from the surface pumping unit to the pump in the well. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsRod
“Rod,” sometimes called a sucker rod, means a special steel rod, a number of which are screwed together to make up the mechanical link from the surface pumping unit to the pump in the well. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsPumping Unit
Definition(s)
Pumping Unit
Surface equipment used for the purpose of mechanically lifting fluids from a well. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsPumping Unit
Surface equipment used for the purpose of mechanically lifting fluids from a well. See API Spec 11E and API/ANSI 11ER. Source: API RP 74, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Onshore Oil and Gas Production Operation, First Edition, October 2001 (March 2007). Global StandardsPumping Unit
“Pumping unit” means surface equipment assembled for the purpose of mechanically lifting fluids from a well. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsPipe Racking Board Guylines
Definition(s)
Pipe Racking Board Guylines (Tubing Board Guylines)
Lines (guylines) which run from the racking board to ground anchors; or a special substructure or base that provides a substitute for ground anchors. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsPipe Racking Board Guylines (Tubing Board Guylines)
“Pipe racking board guylines” sometimes called tubing board guylines, means lines that run from racking board to ground anchors or special substructure or base which provides a substitute for ground anchors. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsRigging Up
Definition(s)
Rigging up
The on-site erection and connection of the components in preparation for drilling or well servicing operations. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsRigging up
“Rigging up” means the on-site erection and connection of the rig components in preparation for drilling or well servicing operations. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsPole Mast
Definition(s)
Pole mast
Structure consisting of one or more tubular sections, telescoping or not telescoping, that are the load-bearing members. The structure, when erected to working position, usually requires guylines. It may be attached to a carrier, skid base, or substructure. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsPole mast
“Pole mast” means a structure which consists of 1 or more tubular sections, either telescoping or nontelescoping and which is a load-bearing member. The structure, when erected to working position, usually requires guylines. It may be attached to a carrier, skid base, or substructure. It is used in place of a derrick. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsPersonal Fall Arrest System
Definition(s)
Personal fall arrest system (PFAS)
A system designed to provide protection to a person from falls. The PFAS should consist of an anchorage, connector and a synthetic webbing full body harness which may include a lanyard and a deceleration device. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global Standards Source: API RP 74, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Onshore Oil and Gas Production Operation, First Edition, October 2001 (March 2007). Global StandardsPersonal fall arrest system
“Personal fall arrest system” means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a full body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these. Source: State of Wyoming Occupational Safety and Health Rules and Regulations for Oil and Gas Well Drilling, Revised January 8, 2013. RegulationsPerforating
Definition(s)
Perforating
Making holes in pipe, cement, or formation at desired depths usually performed with an explosive device utilizing bullets or shaped charges. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsPerforating
“Perforating” means the act of making holes in pipe, cement, or formation at desired depths. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsOpen Hole
Definition(s)
Open hole
Uncased part of the wellbore. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsOpen hole
“Open hole” means the uncased part of the welbore. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsOpen hole
“Open hole” means that portion of a well bore or lateral that is:- not cased, or
- cased, but the casing is not cemented in place, and is not otherwise isolated from the formation.
Mud Box
Definition(s)
Mud bucket (mud box)
Device used to enclose pipe connections to deflect fluid released when a joint or stand of pipe containing liquid (wet string) is unscrewed. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsMud Box
“Mud box” means a device used to wrap around pipe connections to deflect fluid released when a joint or pipe stand containing liquid is unscrewed. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsLubricator
Definition(s)
Lubricator
A fabricated length of tubular pipe equipped with a packoff and bleed valve that is installed to provide access while working on a well under pressure with wireline or other tools and equipment. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsLubricator
A device mounted on the wellhead used to introduce tool strings, chemicals, instruments and perforating guns into a well under pressure. Source: API RP 67, Recommended Practice for Oilfield Explosives Safety, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, May 2007. Global StandardsLubricator
“Lubricator” sometimes called a bottle, means a special length of casing or tubing placed temporarily above a valve on the top of the casing or tubing head used to run tools or substances into a producing well without having to kill it. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsGuarded
Definition(s)
Guarded
Covered, shielded, fenced, enclosed, or otherwise protected by means of suitable covers or casings, barrier rails, or screens to eliminate the possibility of accidental contact with or dangerous approach by persons, animals, or objects. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global Standards Source: API RP 74, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Onshore Oil and Gas Production Operation, First Edition, October 2001 (March 2007). Global StandardsGuarded
Shielded, fenced, enclosed or otherwise protected to prevent injury to employees. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. RegulationsGuarded
"Guarded" means covered, shielded, fenced, enclosed, or otherwise protected by means of suitable covers or casings, barrier rails, safety bars, or screens, to eliminate the possibility of accidental contact with, or dangerous approach by, persons or objects. Source: State of Wyoming Occupational Safety and Health Rules and Regulations for Oil and Gas Well Drilling, Revised January 8, 2013. RegulationsLiner
Definition(s)
Liner
Continuous resin-rich coating on the inside surface of a pipe or fitting component, used to protect the laminate from chemical attack or to prevent leakage under stress.- Note: 1 to entry: The liner can also be used to provide enhanced abrasion and erosion resistance.
Liner
“Liner” means a continuous, low-permeability layer constructed of natural or human-made materials that restricts the migration of liquid oil field wastes, gases or leachate. Source: Oil and Gas, New Mexico Administrative Code Title 19, Chapter 15, January 2013. RegulationsLiner
"Liner" means a length of casing used downhole as an extension to a previously installed casing string to case the hole for further drilling operations and/or for producing operations. Source: Corporation Commission, Oil and Gas Conservation, Oklahoma Administrative Code 165:10, February 2013. RegulationsLiner
“Liner” means a string of casing set and cemented which does not extend to surface. Liners are anchored or suspended inside the previous casing string and may serve the purpose of intermediate or production casing strings. Source: Division of Mineral Resources Management - Oil and Gas, Ohio Administrative Code, Chapter 1501:9, January 2012. RegulationsLiner
A liner is a casing string that does not extend to the top of the well or to the wellhead. Liners are anchored or suspended from inside the previous casing string using a liner hanger. The liner can be fitted with special components so that it can be connected or tied back to the surface at a later time. Source: API STD 65 – Part 2, Isolating Potential Flow Zones During Well Construction, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, December 2010. Global StandardsLiner
Pipe that does not extend from the surface and is intended to line the walls of a drilled well. Source: API SPEC 11D1, Packers and Bridge Plugs, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, July 2009. Global StandardsLiner
See casing. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsLiner
A string of casing which does not extend to the surface but is hung from inside the previous casing string and is cemented in place. The overlap of the liner could vary from 50 ft to 500 ft depending on the purpose of the liner. Production liners are set to the top of, or through, the completion interval. Drilling liners are set primarily to case off and isolate zones of lost circulation, highly overpressured zones, and sloughing shales, so drilling may proceed. Repair liners are used to isolate casing leaks and to repair damaged, worn, corroded, or deliberately perforated casing. A large number of wells are drilled without running liners. Source: API BULLETIN E3, Environmental Guidance Document: Well Abandonment and Inactive Well Practices for U.S. Exploration and Production Operations, First Edition, January 1993 (Reaffirmed June 2000). Global StandardsLanyard
Definition(s)
Lanyard
A flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap which generally has a connector at each end for connecting the body belt or body harness to a deceleration device, lifeline or anchorage. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global Standards Source: API RP 74, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Onshore Oil and Gas Production Operation, First Edition, October 2001 (March 2007). Global StandardsLanyard
A flexible line to secure a wearer of a safety belt or harness to a drop line, lifeline, or fixed anchorage. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. RegulationsKelly Cock
Definition(s)
Kelly Swivel Valve (Kelly Cock or Upper Kelly Valve)
A valve located between the kelly swivel and the kelly, used for well control when the kelly is in the hole. It works like a check valve when engaged. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsKelly Cock
A valve immediately above the kelly that can be closed to confine pressures inside the drill string. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsKelly Cock (Kelly Valve)
Valves installed immediately above and below the kelly that can be closed to confine pressures inside the drill string. Source: API STD 53, Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling Wells, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, November 2012. Global StandardsKelly Cock
Valve installed between the swivel and the Kelly to prevent high-pressure backflow. Closing the valve keeps pressure off the swivel and rotary hose. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsKelly Cock
A valve installed at one or both ends of the kelly that can be used to confine pressure inside the drill string. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. RegulationsHydraulic Fracturing
Definition(s)
Hydraulic Fracturing
The act of pumping fluid(s) into a wellbore and into a specific formation to induce fractures. The fluid usually carries some type of proppant material, such as sand, to keep the fracture open after pumping ceases. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsHydraulic Fracturing
Injecting fracturing fluids into the target formation at a force exceeding the parting pressure of the rock, thus inducing fractures through which oil or natural gas can flow to the wellbore. Source: Identifying and assessing water sources: Guidance document for the onshore oil and gas industry, International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA), 2014. Global StandardsHydraulic Fracturing
“Hydraulic fracturing” means the act of pumping fluids into a wellbore and into a specific formation to induce fractures. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsPipe Tapping
Definition(s)
Hot Tapping (Pipe Tapping)
The act of drilling a hole through the wall of pipe that is under pressure. A special saddle is used to attach a valve and lubricator to the pipe. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsHot Tapping (Pipe Tapping)
The process of drilling a hole through the wall of pipe that is under pressure. A special saddle is used to attach a valve and lubricator to the pipe. Source: API RP 74, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Onshore Oil and Gas Production Operation, First Edition, October 2001 (March 2007). Global StandardsHot Tapping (Pipe Tapping)
“Pipe tapping,” sometimes called hot tapping, means the act of drilling a hole in the side of pipe that is under pressure. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsHazardous Substance
Definition(s)
Hazardous Substance
Any substance that, by reason of being explosive, flammable, toxic, corrosive, oxidizing, imitating, or otherwise harmful, has the potential to cause injury, illness, or death. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global Standards Source: API RP 74, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Onshore Oil and Gas Production Operation, First Edition, October 2001 (March 2007). Global StandardsHazardous Substance
A chemical, biological or physical agent that, by reason of a property that the agent possesses, is hazardous to the safety or health of a person exposed to it. Note: OSH (NL) 1.1; OSH (NS) Element 1, Part 1, Section 1.1. Source: Incident Reporting and Investigation Guidelines, The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, November 30, 2012. Regulatory GuidanceHazardous Substance
“Hazardous substance” means a controlled product and a chemical, biological or physical agent that, by reason of a property that the agent possesses, is hazardous to the safety or health of a person exposed to it. Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health & Safety Requirements, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, December 2000. RegulationsHazardous Substance
Hazardous substance means a substance:- that is described in the List of Designated Hazardous Substances [NOHSC:10005(1999)] published by the Australian Safety and Compensation Council, as existing from time to time; or
- that has been determined, in writing, to be a hazardous substance by its manufacturer in accordance with the Approved Criteria for Classifying Hazardous Substances [NOHSC:1008(2004)] published by the Australian Safety and Compensation Council, as existing from time to time; or
- that is mentioned in Part 3 of Schedule 3.2.
Hazardous substance
One which is likely to cause injury by reason of being explosive, flammable, extremely flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritant, or otherwise harmful. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. RegulationsHazardous substance
"Hazardous Substance" means a substance which, by reason of being explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritating, or otherwise harmful, is likely to cause occupational death, injury or illness. Source: State of Wyoming Occupational Safety and Health Rules and Regulations for Oil and Gas Well Drilling, Revised January 8, 2013. RegulationsHazardous substance
A substance which by virtue of its chemical, physical, biological or toxicological properties constitutes a hazard. Source: Approved Code of Practice for Managing Hazards to Prevent Major Industrial Accidents, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Department of Labour, New Zealand, July 1994. Regulatory GuidanceFlammable Liquid
Definition(s)
Flammable Liquid (Class MIII, and Class IC liquids)
A liquid having a flash point below l00°F (37.8°C) and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 lb per sq. in. absolute (276 kilopascals) at l00°F (37.8°C). Flammable (Class 1) liquids are subdivided into Classes IA, IB, and IC. (See NFPA 30.) Source: API RP 14G, Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and Control on Fixed Open-type Offshore Production Platforms: Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, April 2007. Global StandardsFlammable liquid
Any liquid having a flashpoint below 100 °F (373 °C). Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global Standards Source: API RP 74, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Onshore Oil and Gas Production Operation, First Edition, October 2001 (March 2007). Global StandardsFlammable Liquid
Liquid capable of producing a flammable vapour under any foreseeable operating conditions. Source: IEC 61892-7, Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations – Part 7: Hazardous areas. Global StandardsFlammable Liquid
A liquid having a flash point below 100oF., (37.8oC) and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 lb. per sq. in. (absolute) (176 kPa) at 100oF (37.8oC) and shall be known as Class I liquid. Class I Liquids shall be subdivided as follows: Class IA shall include those having flash points below 73oF., (22.8oC.) and having a boiling point below 100oF., (37.8oC.). Class IB shall include those having flash points below 73oF., (22.8oC.) and having a boiling point at or above 100oF., (37.8oC.). Class IC shall include those having flash points at or above 73oF., (22.8oC.) and below 100oF., (37.8oC.). Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. RegulationsFlammable Liquid
"Flammable liquid" means any liquid having a flashpoint below 100°F. (37.8°C.), except any mixture having components with flash-points of 100°F. ( 37.8°C) or higher, the total of which make up ninety-nine (99) percent or more of the total volume of the mixture. Flammable liquids shall be known as Class I liquids. Class I liquids are divided into three classes as follows:- Class IA shall include liquids having flashpoints below 73°F. (22.8°C.) and having a boiling point below 100°F. (37.8°C.). Example: LPG.
- Class IB shall include liquids having flashpoints below 73°F. (22.8°C.) and having a boiling point at or above 100°F. (37.8°C.) Example: Acetone, Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
- Class IC shall include liquids having flashpoints at or above 73°F. (22.8°C.) and below 100°F. (37.8°C.). Example: Turpentine.6
External Guylines
Definition(s)
External Guylines
Lines which provide stability and run from some point in the derrick, mast, or pole to ground anchors, or to a special substructure or derrick base that provides a substitute for ground anchors. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsExternal Guylines
“External guylines” means lines that run from some point in the derrick, mast, or pole to ground anchors or to a special substructure or derrick base which provides a substitute for ground anchors to provide stability. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsDrive Pipe
Definition(s)
Drive pipe
A relatively short string of large diameter pipe driven or forced into the ground to function as conductor pipe. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global Standards Source: API STD 53, Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling Wells, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, November 2012. Global StandardsDrive Pipe
A relatively short string of large diameter pipe usually set in a drilled hole in onshore operations; it is normally washed, driven, or forced into the ground in bottom-supported offshore operations; sometimes referred to as structural pipe. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsDrive Pipe
A relatively short string of large diameter pipe usually set in a drilled hole in onshore operations; it is normally washed, driven, or forced into the ground in bottom-supported offshore operations; sometimes referred to as structural pipe. Source: API RP 64, Recommended Practice for Diverter Systems Equipment and Operations, Second Edition, November 2001 (March 1, 2007). Global StandardsDrive Pipe
“Drive pipe” means a casing string that is driven through unconsolidated sediment to stabilize the wellbore and isolate associated groundwater. Source: Division of Mineral Resources Management - Oil and Gas, Ohio Administrative Code, Chapter 1501:9, January 2012. RegulationsDrill Stem Test
Definition(s)
Drill Stem Test
A test taken by means of special testing equipment run into the wellbore on the drill string (work string) to determine the producing characteristics of a formation. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsDrill Stem Test (DST)
A test conducted to determine production flow rate and/or formation pressure prior to completing the well. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsDrill Stem Test
A procedure to determine the productive capacity, pressure, permeability or extent (or a combination of these) of a hydrocarbon reservoir. While several different proprietary hardware sets are available to accomplish this, the common idea is to isolate the zone of interest with temporary packers. Next, one or more valves are opened to produce the reservoir fluids through the drillpipe and allow the well to flow for a time. Finally, the operator kills the well, closes the valves, removes the packers and trips the tools out of the hole. The test may be short (one hour or less) or long (several days or weeks) depending on the requirements and goals. Also there might be more than one flow and pressure buildup periods. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsDrill Stem Test
“Drill stem test” means a method of gathering data on the potential productivity of a formation by permitting the flow of formation fluids through the drill pipe. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsDrill Stem
Definition(s)
Drill stem
The entire drilling assembly from the swivel to the bit composed of the kelly, drill string (work string), subs, drill collars. and other downhole tools such as stabilizers and reamers. This assembly is used to rotate the bit and carry the drilling fluid to the bit. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsDrill stem
All members between the swivel or top drive and the bit; includes drill string. Source: API RP 7G-2, Recommended Practice for Inspection and Classification of Used Drill Stem Elements, First Edition, August 2009. Global StandardsDrill stem
“Drill stem” means the entire drilling assembly from the swivel to the bit composed of the kelly, drill string, subs, drill collars, and other downhole tools such as stabilizers and reamers. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsDrilling Rig
Definition(s)
Drilling Rig
Equipment and machinery assembled primarily for the purpose of drilling or boring a hole in the ground. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsDrilling Rig
“Drilling rig” means the plant used to make a well by boring or other means, and includes a derrick, draw-works, rotary table, mud pump, blowout preventer, accumulator, choke manifold, dependent personnel accommodation and other associated equipment, including power, control and monitoring systems (appareil de forage). Source: Atlantic Canada Offshore Petroleum Industry, Standard Practice for the Training and Qualifications of Personnel, 2013, Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, Global Standards Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-111, Canada, current to May 1, 2014. Regulations Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-118, February 2013. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Certificate of Fitness Regulations, SOR/95-187, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Installations Regulations, SOR/95-191, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. RegulationsDrilling Rig
“Drilling rig” means the plant and associated support equipment used to make a hole or well by boring or other means for geophysical, exploration or production purposes (appareil de forage). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Occupational Safety and Health Regulations, SOR/87-612, February 2013. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health & Safety Requirements, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, December 2000. Regulations Source: Oil and Gas Occupational Safety and Health Regulations, SOR/87-612, Canada, current to April 29, 2013. RegulationsDrilling Rig
Drilling rig In these Regulations, “drilling installation”, “drilling rig”, “drilling unit”, “drill site”, “installation”, “production installation”, “production operation”, “production site” and “subsea production system” have the same meaning as in subsection 2(1) of the Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations. Source: Canada Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Regulations, SOR/2009-315, February 2013. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Drilling and Production Regulations, SOR/2009-317, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. RegulationsDrilling Rig
“Drilling rig” means the equipment and machinery assembled primarily for the purpose of drilling or boring a hole in the ground. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsDrilling Line
Definition(s)
Drilling (Hoisting) Line
The wire rope used in the rig’s main hoisting system. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsDrilling (Hoisting) Line
“Drilling line” sometimes called a hoisting line, means the wire line used in the main rig hoisting system, one end of which is attached to the hoisting drum. This line does not include a tugger line. [Mich. Admin. Code R 408 (2013)]. Source: Oil and Gas Drilling and Servicing Operations, Michigan Administrative Code R 408, February 8, 2013. RegulationsMast
Definition(s)
Derrick (mast)
The steel lower component of a drilling or well servicing rig that supports the crown block, traveling block, and hoisting lines. Derricks and masts may be stationary structures normally requiring dismantling and disassembly when moved from location to location, or may be portable with the capability of being laid down and raised to and from ground level fully assembled. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsMast
A structural frame, extending above the machinery deck or upper-structure to which the boom support ropes are reeved Source: API RP 2D, Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Cranes, Seventh Edition, December 2014. Global StandardsMast
The tower component of a drilling or well servicing rig that supports the crown block assembly, travelling block and hoisting lines. Derricks and masts may be stationary structures normally requiring dismantling and disassembly when moved from location to location, or may be portable with the capability of being laid down and raised to and from ground level fully assembled. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. RegulationsBlowout Preventer (BOP)
Definition(s)
Blowout Preventer
Equipment installed at the wellhead to contain wellbore pressure either in the annular space between the casing and the tubulars or in an open hole during drilling, completion, testing, or workover operations.
Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsBlowout Preventer
Large, specialized valve used to seal, control, and monitor an oil and gas well. Source: API RP 16Q, Recommended Practice for Design, Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, First Edition, November 1993 (Reaffirmed August 2001). Global StandardsBlowout Preventer
A device attached immediately above the casing, which can be closed to shut in the well. Source: API RP 16Q, Recommended Practice for Design, Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, First Edition, November 1993 (Reaffirmed August 2001). Global Standards Source: ISO 13624-1:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Drilling and production equipment – Part 1:Design and operation of marine drilling riser equipment. Global StandardsBlowout Preventer (Annular Type)
A remotely controlled device which can form a seal in the annular space around any object in the wellbore or upon itself. Compression of a reinforced elastomer packing element by hydraulic pressure effects the seal. Source: API RP 16Q, Recommended Practice for Design, Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, First Edition, November 1993 (Reaffirmed August 2001). Global StandardsBlowout Preventer (BOP)
Device installed at the wellhead to contain well-bore pressure either in the annular space between the casing and the tubulars or in an open hole during drilling, completion, testing or workover. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global StandardsBlowout Preventer (BOP)
A device attached to the wellhead or Christmas tree that allows the well to be closed in with or without a string of pipe or wireline in the borehole. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsBlowout Preventer (BOP)
A device attached to the casinghead that allows the well to be sealed to confine the well fluids to the well bore. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsBlowout Preventer
Equipment installed at the wellhead or wellhead assemblies to contain wellbore fluids, either in the annular space between the casing and the tubulars or in an open hole during drilling, completion, testing, or workover operations. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsBlowout Preventer (BOP)
Equipment installed on the wellhead or wellhead assemblies to contain wellbore fluids either in the annular space between the casing and the tubulars, or in an open hole during well drilling, completion and testing operations.- NOTE: BOPS are not: gate valves, workover/ intervention control packages, subsea shut-in devices, well control components (per API 16ST), intervention control packages, diverters, rotating heads, rotating circulating devices, capping stacks, snubbing or stripping packages, or non-sealing rams.
- Source: API Specification 16Q, Design, Selection, Operation, and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, Second Edition, April 2017. Global Standards