Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
SSC
Definition(s)
SSC
Sulfide Stress Cracking. Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API RP 49, Recommended Practice for Drilling and Well Servicing Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide, Third Edition, May 2001. Global Standards Source: API RP 17B, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe, Fourth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing, Upstream Segment, Ninth Edition, July 2011 (Errata September 2012). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17J, Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe, Third Edition, July 2008. Global Standards Source: API STD 53, Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling Wells, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, November 2012. Global Standards Source: ISO 21457:2010, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems, First Edition,September 2010. Global StandardsSSC
Cracking of metal involving corrosion and tensile stress (residual and/or applied) in the presence of water and H2S NOTE SSC is a form of hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) and involves embrittlement of the metal by atomic hydrogen that is produced by acid corrosion on the metal surface. Hydrogen uptake is promoted in the presence of sulfides. The atomic hydrogen can diffuse into the metal, reduce ductility and increase susceptibility to cracking. High strength metallic materials and hard weld zones are prone to SSC. [ISO 15156-1:2009, definition 3.23] Source: ISO 21457:2010, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems, First Edition,September 2010. Global StandardsShall
Definition(s)
Shall
For the purposes of this publication, the term shall indicates that the RP has universal applicability to that specific activity. Source: API RP 2D, Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Cranes, Sixth Edition, May 2007. Global StandardsShall
As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 13C, Recommended Practice on Drilling Fluids Processing Systems Evaluation, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, December 2010. Global StandardsShall
Within this document, “shall” is used to state that a provision is mandatory. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsShall
Indicates the “recommended practice(s)” has universal applicability to that specific activity. Source: API RP 49, Recommended Practice for Drilling and Well Servicing Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide, Third Edition, May 2001. Global StandardsShall
Denotes that the recommended practice has universal application to that specific activity. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global StandardsShall
For the purpose of this document, shall indicates that the recommended practice(s) has universal application to that specific activity. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global Standards Source: API RP 74, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Onshore Oil and Gas Production Operation, First Edition, October 2001 (March 2007). Global StandardsShall
Indicates that the recommended practice(s) has universal applicability to that specific activity. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsShall
As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification. Source: API RP 67, Recommended Practice for Oilfield Explosives Safety, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, May 2007. Global StandardsShall
The term “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the recommended practice. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsShall
SHALL is used to indicate that a provision is MANDATORY. Source: API SPEC 5CRA, Specification for Corrosion Resistant Alloy Seamless Tubes for Use as Casing, Tubing and Coupling Stock, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2010 (Errata August 2011). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 5DP, Specification for Drill Pipe, First Edition, August 2009. Global StandardsShall
As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification. Source: API SPEC 5CRA, Specification for Corrosion Resistant Alloy Seamless Tubes for Use as Casing, Tubing and Coupling Stock, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2010 (Errata August 2011). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing, Upstream Segment, Ninth Edition, July 2011 (Errata September 2012). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17E, Specification for Subsea Umbilicals, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, October 2010. Global StandardsShall
Shall: As used in a standard, "shall" denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification. Source: API SPEC 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Twentieth Edition, October 2010 (Addendum November 2012). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 8C, Drilling and Production Hoisting Equipment (PSL 1 and PSL 2), Fifth Edition, April 2012. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 10A, Specification for Cements and Materials for Well Cementing, Twenty-fourth Edition, December 2010. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 11D1, Packers and Bridge Plugs, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, July 2009. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 13A, Specification for Drilling Fluids Materials, Eighteenth Edition, February 2010. Global StandardsShall
Indicates a mandatory requirement to be followed for fulfilment or compliance with the present standard. Deviations are not permitted unless formally and rigorously justified, and accepted by all relevant contracting parties. Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global StandardsShall
"Shall" means mandatory. Source: State of Wyoming Occupational Safety and Health Rules and Regulations for Oil and Gas Well Drilling, Revised January 8, 2013. RegulationsShall
The term shall is also used in the guidelines regarding the regulations. In this context, shall means a direct rendering of a statutory or regulatory requirement. Source: Guidelines Regarding the Framework Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory GuidanceShall
Verbal form used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to this NORSOK standard and from which no deviation is permitted, unless accepted by all involved parties. Source: NORSOK D-002, Well intervention equipment, Rev. 2, June 2013. Global StandardsShall
Shall is an absolute requirement which shall be followed strictly in order to conform with the standard. Source: NORSOK D-007, Well Testing Systems, Rev. 1, January 1996. Global StandardsShall
Indicates a mandatory requirement to comply with the HSE Act or regulations made under the HSE Act. Source: Approved Code of Practice for Managing Hazards to Prevent Major Industrial Accidents, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Department of Labour, New Zealand, July 1994. Regulatory GuidanceShall
verbal form used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to this guideline and from which no deviation is permitted, unless accepted by all involved parties Source: Approved Code of Practice for Managing Hazards to Prevent Major Industrial Accidents, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Department of Labour, New Zealand, July 1994. Regulatory GuidanceShall
Indicates requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to this OSS and from which no deviation is permitted. Source: Verification of Lifting Appliances for the Oil and Gas Industry, DNV-OSS-308, October 2010, Det Norske Veritas AS, Global StandardsSetting Tool
Definition(s)
Setting Tool
An electro-explosive downhole tool that is mechanically actuated by the initiation and gas generation of a propellant charge. Source: API RP 67, Recommended Practice for Oilfield Explosives Safety, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, May 2007. Global StandardsSerious Situation
Definition(s)
Serious situation
Serious situation, in relation to an identified greenhouse gas storage formation, has the meaning given by section 379. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. LegislationSecondary Stress
Definition(s)
Secondary stress
Any normal or shear stress that develops as a result of material constraint. NOTE This type of stress is self-limiting, which means that local yielding can relieve the conditions that cause the stress, and single application of load will not cause failure. NOTE Definition taken from API 2RD. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsSecondary stress
Stress developed by constraint due to a geometrical discontinuity, by the use of materials of different elastic moduli under external load, by constraint due to differential thermal expansion, or by assembly load (preload) that does not impair the sealing performance of a connector. NOTE 1 Only stresses that are distributed linearly across the thickness are considered secondary stresses. For nonlinearly distributed stresses, the secondary stresses are those of the equivalent linear distribution. NOTE 2 With respect to the mechanical behaviour of the structure, the basic characteristic of secondary stresses is that they lead to plastic deformation when equalizing different local distortions in the case of excess of the yield strength. Characteristic for a secondary stress is that it is self-limiting, i.e. local flow deformation leads to a limitation of the stress. NOTE 3 Secondary stresses can be of the membrane or bending type. NOTE 4 Bending stresses caused by gross structural discontinuities and acting across the wall thickness of the pipe are classified as secondary stresses. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global StandardsSecondary stress
A secondary stress is any stress in the structure which is not a primary stress or peak stress. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global StandardsSecondary stress
Normal stress or a shear stress developed by the constraint of adjacent parts or by self constraint of a structure (ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 2, Paragraph 5.12). NOTE The basic characteristic of a secondary stress is that it is self-limiting. Local yielding and minor distortions can satisfy the conditions that cause the stress to occur and failure from one application of the stress is not to be expected. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsSCC
Definition(s)
SCC
Stress corrosion cracking. Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsSCC
Special clearance coupling. Source: API SPEC 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing, Upstream Segment, Ninth Edition, July 2011 (Errata September 2012). Global StandardsSCC
Standards Council of Canada. Source: Offshore Waste Treatment Guidelines, The Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, and National Energy Board, Canada, December 15, 2010. Regulatory GuidanceSCC
Cracking of metal involving anodic processes of localized corrosion and tensile stress (residual and/or applied)- NOTE: 1 Parameters that influence the susceptibility to SCC are temperature, pH, chlorides, dissolved oxygen, H2S and CO2.
- NOTE: 2 The above definition differs from that of the same term given in ISO 15156-1:2009, definition 3.21, since it includes external environments.
Adjacent Connected Space
Definition(s)
Adjacent Connected Space
Adjacent connected space means a normally unventilated space which is not used for cargo but which may share the same atmospheric characteristics with the enclosed space such as, but not limited to, a cargo space accessway. Source: IMO resolution A.1050(27), Revised recommendations for entering enclosed spaces aboard ships, 21 December 2011, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceEnclosed Space
Definition(s)
Enclosed Space
Enclosed space means a space which has any of the following characteristics: 1. limited openings for entry and exit; 2. inadequate ventilation; and 3. is not designed for continuous worker occupancy, and includes, but is not limited to, cargo spaces, double bottoms, fuel tanks, ballast tanks, cargo pump-rooms, cargo compressor rooms, cofferdams, chain lockers, void spaces, duct keels, inter-barrier spaces, boilers, engine crankcases, engine scavenge air receivers, sewage tanks, and adjacent connected spaces. This list is not exhaustive and a list should be produced on a ship-by-ship basis to identify enclosed spaces. Source: IMO resolution A.1050(27), Revised recommendations for entering enclosed spaces aboard ships, 21 December 2011, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance Source: Resolution MEPC.210(63), 2012 Guidelines for safe and environmentally sound ship recycling, 2 March 2012, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceEnclosed Space
An enclosed space is considered to be any building, room or enclosure, e.g., cabinet, within which, in the absence of artificial ventilation, the air movement will be limited and any flammable atmosphere will not be dispersed naturally. Source: Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Mobile Offshore Units, Part 7, Safety Systems, Hazardous Areas and Fire, June 2013, Lloyd’s Register, Global StandardsRotating Stripper Head
Definition(s)
Rotating Stripper Head
A sealing device installed above the BOPs and used to close the annular space about the drill pipe or kelly when pulling or running pipe under pressure. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsRotating Stripper Head
A sealing device installed above the BOP and used to close the annular space about the drill pipe or kelly when pulling or running pipe under pressure. Source: API RP 64, Recommended Practice for Diverter Systems Equipment and Operations, Second Edition, November 2001 (March 1, 2007). Global StandardsRoom Temperature
Definition(s)
Room Temperature
Temperature typically between 15 °C (60 °F) and 26 °C (80 °F). Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global StandardsRoom Temperature
Any temperature between 4 °C and 40 °C (40 °F and 104 °F), i.e. temperature corresponding to the test conditions of the material. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global StandardsRoom Temperature
Any temperature between 4 °C and 50 °C (40 °F and 120 °F). Source: API SPEC 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Twentieth Edition, October 2010 (Addendum November 2012). Global StandardsRoom Temperature
Any temperature between 40 and 120 degrees Fahrenheit. Source: API SPEC 16C, Specification for Choke and Kill Systems, First Edition, January 1993 (Reaffirmed 2001). Global StandardsInitial Responders
Definition(s)
Initial Responders
“Initial responders” means those people who are appointed by the relevant State(s) to intervene in an act of piracy or armed robbery against a ship, during the event. Source: IMO resolution A.1025(26), Code of Practice for the Investigation of Crimes of Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceInvestigators
Definition(s)
Investigators
“Investigators” means those people appointed by the relevant State(s) to investigate an act of piracy or armed robbery against a ship, after the event has occurred. Source: IMO resolution A.1025(26), Code of Practice for the Investigation of Crimes of Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceArmed Robbery Against Ships
Definition(s)
Armed Robbery Against Ships
“Armed robbery against ships” means any of the following acts: 1 any illegal act of violence or detention or any act of depredation, or threat thereof, other than an act of piracy, committed for private ends and directed against a ship or against persons or property on board such a ship, within a State’s internal waters, archipelagic waters and territorial sea; 2 any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described above. Source: IMO resolution A.1025(26), Code of Practice for the Investigation of Crimes of Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidancePiracy
Definition(s)
Piracy
“Piracy” means an act defined in article 101 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Note: The following definition of piracy is contained in article 101 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: “Piracy consists of any of the following acts: 1. any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed:1. on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft; 2. against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State;
2. any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft; 3. any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in sub-paragraph (1) or (2).” Source: IMO resolution A.1025(26), Code of Practice for the Investigation of Crimes of Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance Source: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 1982. Legislation2008 IS Code
Definition(s)
2008 IS Code
2008 IS Code means the International Code on Intact Stability, 2008, as adopted by resolution MSC.267(85). Source: IMO resolution A.1021(26), Guidelines for ships operating in polar waters, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceWorking Liquids
Definition(s)
Working Liquids
Working liquids means any substances that are pollutants used for the operation of the ship’s machinery. Source: IMO resolution A.1021(26), Guidelines for ships operating in polar waters, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceWMO
Definition(s)
WMO
WMO means the World Meteorological Organization. Source: IMO resolution A.1021(26), Guidelines for ships operating in polar waters, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance Source: Offshore Physical Environmental Guidelines, The Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, and National Energy Board, Canada, September 2008. Regulatory GuidanceUnified Requirements
Definition(s)
Unified Requirements
Unified Requirements means IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships (UR-I). Source: IMO resolution A.1021(26), Guidelines for ships operating in polar waters, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceSTCW
Definition(s)
STCW
STCW means the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, as amended. Source: IMO resolution A.1021(26), Guidelines for ships operating in polar waters, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceRepair
Definition(s)
Repair
The work necessary to restore a piping system to a condition suitable for safe operation at the design conditions.- NOTE: If any of the restorative changes result in a change of design temperature or pressure, the requirements for re-rating also shall be satisfied. Any welding, cutting, or grinding operation on a pressure-containing piping component not specifically considered an alteration is considered a repair. Repairs can be temporary or permanent (see Section 8).
Repair
The work necessary to restore a vessel to a condition suitable for safe operation at the design conditions. If any of the restorative work results in a change to the design temperature, minimum design metal temperature (MDMT), or MAWP, the work shall be considered an alteration and the requirements for rerating shall be satisfied. Any welding, cutting, or grinding operation on a pressure-containing component not specifically considered an alteration is considered a repair.
Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsRepair
Action(s) performed on a nonconforming product to make it acceptable for the intended use.- NOTE: 1 Repair within the scope of this document includes remanufacture as defined by other API product specifications.
- NOTE: 2 The distinction between repair and remanufacture may be further specified within API product specifications.
Repair
The maximum uplift force during spud can extraction.
Source: API STANDARD 18LCM, Product Life Cycle Management System Requirements for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, First Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsRepair
Process of disassembly, inspection, reassembly, and testing of drill-through equipment, with or without the replacement of parts in order to correct failed or worn components.- NOTE: Repair does not include machining, welding, heat treating, or other manufacturing operations of component parts.
Repair
The work necessary to restore a vessel to a condition suitable for safe operation at the design conditions. If any of the restorative work results in a change to the design temperature, MDMT, or MA WP, the work shall be considered an alteration and the requirements for rerating shall be satisfied. Any welding, cutting or grinding operation on a pressure-containing component not specifically considered an alteration is considered a repair. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration Downstream Segment, Ninth Edition, June 2006. Global StandardsRepair
Action performed on equipment that involves replacement of parts, other than expendable parts, but excludes remanufacture. Source: API RP 8B, Recommended Practice for Procedures for Inspections, Maintenance, Repair and Remanufacture of Hoisting Equipment, Seventh Edition, March 2002 (Reaffirmed: August 2012). Global StandardsRepair
- Activity involving disassembly, reassembly and testing of wellhead and christmas tree equipment with or without the replacement of parts other than bodies. NOTE: Repair does not include machining, welding, heat treating, other manufacturing operations or the replacement of bodies.
Repair
Removal of defects from, and refurbishment of, a component or assembly by welding during the manufacturing process.- NOTE: The term “repair,” as referred to in this specification, applies only to the repair of defects in materials during the manufacture of new equipment.
Repair
Removal of defects from, and refurbishment of, a component or assembly by welding, during the manufacture of new equipment. NOTE The term “repair,” as referred to in this standard, applies only to the repair of defects in materials during the manufacture of new equipment. Source: API SPEC 8C, Drilling and Production Hoisting Equipment (PSL 1 and PSL 2), Fifth Edition, April 2012. Global StandardsRepair
Activity involving disassembly, reassembly, or replacement of components and testing of equipment. NOTE: Repair does not include machining, welding, heat treating, or other manufacturing operations. Source: API STD 53, Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling Wells, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, November 2012. Global StandardsRepair
A “repair” is meant to be an action to correct a single failure or a few failures, normally on-site. “Overhaul” means a comprehensive repair of several failures, or one major failure requiring extensive work, or complete refurbishment of an equipment subunit. Typically, such maintenance is undertaken in a workshopSource(s). Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global StandardsRepair
The structural work necessary to restore a platform to a condition deemed fit-for-purpose. Source: API RP 2SIM, Structural Integrity Management of Fixed Offshore Structures, First Edition, November 2014. Global StandardsRepair
Action to restore faulty equipment to its fully serviceable condition complying with the relevant standard. Source: IEC 60079-19:2015, Explosive atmospheres – Part 19: Equipment repair, overhaul and reclamation, Edition 3.1, March 2015. Global StandardsRepair
Repair means coating restoration work of a longer term nature, usually performed during ship’s dry-docking or scheduled repair period (ship idle) to restore the “FAIR” or “POOR” coating condition to “GOOD” condition. This will usually require specialized manpower and equipment such as sand blasting equipment, operators and dehumidifiers. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1330, Guidelines for maintenance and repair of protective coatings, 11 June 2009, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceRelevant Indication 〈Liquid Penetrant or Magnetic Particle Examination〉
Definition(s)
Relevant Indication 〈Liquid Penetrant or Magnetic Particle Examination〉
Any indication with a major dimension over 1,6 mm (0,062 in). Source: API SPEC 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Third Edition, June 2004 (Errata/Supplement November 2004). Global StandardsRam Blowout Preventer
Definition(s)
Ram blowout preventer
Blowout preventer that uses metal blocks assembled with elastomer seals to seal off pressure on a wellbore, with or without tubulars in the bore. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsRam blowout preventer
Blowout preventer that uses two opposing metal elements (rams) with integral elastomer seals to contain pressure within a wellbore. NOTE Rams may be designed to close on a specific pipe size (fixed pipe rams), a range of pipe sizes (variable bore rams), or open hole (blind or blind/shear rams). Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsRam blowout preventer
Blowout preventer that uses metal blocks with integral elastomer seals to seal off pressure on a wellbore with or without tubulars in the bore. Source: API SPEC 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Third Edition, June 2004 (Errata/Supplement November 2004). Global StandardsPWHT
Definition(s)
PWHT
Postweld heat treatment. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPWHT
A work process which consists of heating an entire weldment or section of fabricated piping to an elevated temperature after completion of welding in order to relieve the detrimental effects of welding heat, such as reducing residual stresses, reducing hardness, and/or slightly modifying properties (See ASME B31.3, paragraph 331). Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPWHT
Treatment that consists of heating an entire weldment or vessel to a specified elevated temperature after completion of welding in order to relieve the detrimental effects of welding heat, such as to reduce residual stresses, reduce hardness, stabilize chemistry and/or slightly modify properties. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPWHT
Postweld heat treatment. Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, Tenth Edition, May 2014, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPWHT
Heat treatment subsequent to welding, including stress relief. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsPWHT
Controlled heat treatment subsequent to welding, including stress relief to obtain desired material properties. Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsPWHT
Post-weld heat treatment. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards Source: API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration Downstream Segment, Ninth Edition, June 2006. Global Standards Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards Source:API SPECIFICATION 7K, Drilling and Well Servicing Equipment, Sixth Edition, December 2015. Global StandardsPWHT
Post-weld heat treatment. Source: API SPEC 7K, Drilling and Well Servicing Equipment Upstream Segment, Fifth Edition, June 2010 (August 2010). Global StandardsPWHT
Post weld heat treatment. Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global StandardsPUWER
Definition(s)
PUWER
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations, UK. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC GuidelinesPUWER
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992. Source: Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response on Offshore Installations, Offshore Installations (Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response) Regulations 1995, Approved Code of Practice and guidance (UK HSE L65), Second Edition, 1997. Regulatory GuidancePurchaser
Definition(s)
Purchaser
Entity that has purchased directly from the manufacturer the new OCTG being inspected. NOTE The purchaser might be the owner. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global StandardsPurchaser
Flexible pipe system provider who is purchaser to ancillary equipment manufacturer. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsPurchaser
Organization that buys the riser system on behalf of the user and/or operator or for its own use. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global StandardsPurchaser
Organization that buys the C/WO riser system on behalf of the user and/or operator or for its own use. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global StandardsPurchaser
Party responsible for both the definition of requirements for a product order and for payment for that order. Source: API SPEC 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing, Upstream Segment, Ninth Edition, July 2011 (Errata September 2012). Global StandardsPurchaser
Party responsible for both the definition of requirements for a product order and for payment for that order. [ISO 11960:2004, definition 4.1.35]. Source: API SPEC 5DP, Specification for Drill Pipe, First Edition, August 2009. Global StandardsPurchaser
"Purchaser" or "transporter" means any person who acting alone or jointly with any person or persons, via his own, affiliated or designated carrier, transporter, or taker, shall directly or indirectly purchase, take, or transport by any means whatsoever or otherwise remove from any lease, oil or gas, and/or other hydrocarbons produced from any common source of supply in this State, excepting royalty portions from leases owned by that person. Source: Corporation Commission, Oil and Gas Conservation, Oklahoma Administrative Code 165:10, February 2013. RegulationsPSI
Definition(s)
PSI
Pounds per square inch. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global Standards Source: API RP 64, Recommended Practice for Diverter Systems Equipment and Operations, Second Edition, November 2001 (March 1, 2007). Global Standards Source: API STD 65 – Part 2, Isolating Potential Flow Zones During Well Construction, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, December 2010. Global Standards Source: Deepwater Well Control Guidelines. IADC GuidelinesPSI
"Psi" means pounds per square inch. Source: Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, Definitions, Alaska Admin. Code tit. 20, § 25.990, December 7, 2012. RegulationsPSI
“Psi” means pounds per square inch. Source: Oil and Gas, New Mexico Administrative Code Title 19, Chapter 15, January 2013. RegulationsProtection Of Correlative Rights
Definition(s)
Protection Of Correlative Rights
“Protection of correlative rights” means administration and enforcement of these rules and regulations by the chief in such a manner as to afford reasonable opportunity to every person entitled thereto to recover and receive the oil and gas in and under his tract or tracts, or the equivalent thereof, without having to drill unnecessary wells or to incur other unnecessary expense. Source: Division of Mineral Resources Management - Oil and Gas, Ohio Administrative Code, Chapter 1501:9, January 2012. RegulationsProduction Liner
Definition(s)
Production liner
A liner that is the innermost string in which the productive zones are completed. The casing in which the production liner is hung off is usually referred to as the production casing. Source: API RP 90, Annular Casing Pressure Management for Offshore Wells, Upstream Segment. First Edition, August 2006. Global StandardsProduction liner
Production casing run from below the objective section and hung in the intermediate casing or intermediate liner. Normal clearance casing OD in.: N/A. Tight clearance casing OD in.: 9 7/8. NOTE These are examples only. Each well can have variations in number of casing strings and sizes. Naming conventions can vary. The heavy-wall surface casing designs may allow 13 5/8 in. to be run as a liner and not tied back. NOTE These are examples only. Each well can have variations in number of casing strings and sizes. Naming conventions can vary. The heavy-wall surface casing designs may allow 13 5/8 in. to be run as a liner and not tied back. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsProduction Liner
A liner that is set through a productive interval. Source: API STD 65 – Part 2, Isolating Potential Flow Zones During Well Construction, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, December 2010. Global StandardsProduction Installation
Definition(s)
Production Installation
“Production installation” means a production facility and any associated platform, artificial island, subsea production system, offshore loading system, drilling equipment, facilities related to marine activities and dependent diving system (installation de production). Source: Atlantic Canada Offshore Petroleum Industry, Standard Practice for the Training and Qualifications of Personnel, 2013, Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, Global Standards Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-111, Canada, current to May 1, 2014. Regulations Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-118, February 2013. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Certificate of Fitness Regulations, SOR/95-187, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Installations Regulations, SOR/95-191, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. RegulationsProduction Installation
In these Regulations, “drilling installation”, “drilling rig”, “drilling unit”, “drill site”, “installation”, “production installation”, “production operation”, “production site” and “subsea production system” have the same meaning as in subsection 2(1) of the Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations. Source: Canada Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Regulations, SOR/2009-315, February 2013. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Drilling and Production Regulations, SOR/2009-317, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. RegulationsProduction Installation
'Production Installation' means an installation used for production. Source: DIRECTIVE 2013/30/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 June 2013 on safety of offshore oil and gas operations and amending Directive 2004/35/EC. LegislationProduction Installation
“Production installation” means an installation which—- extracts petroleum from beneath the sea-bed by means of a well;
- stores gas in or under the shore or bed of relevant waters and recovers gas so stored; or
- is used for the conveyance of petroleum by means of a pipe,
- non-production installation converted for use as a production installation for so long as it is so converted;
- production installation which has ceased production for so long as it is not converted to a non-production installation; and
- production installation which has not come into use; and
Production Installation
For S.I. 1995/738, in regulation 2(1) (interpretation) after the definition of “pipeline works”, insert ““production installation” means an installation which—- extracts petroleum from beneath the sea-bed by means of a well;
- stores gas in or under the shore or bed of relevant waters and recovers gas so stored; or
- is used for the conveyance of petroleum by means of a pipe,
- non-production installation converted for use as a production installation for so long as it is so converted;
- production installation which has ceased production for so long as it is not converted to a non-production installation; and
- production installation which has not come into use; and