Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
ITP
Definition(s)
ITP
Inspection and test plan. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global StandardsITP
Inspection test plan. Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsITP
Inspection and testing plan. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsMPS
Definition(s)
MPS
Material Product Specification Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global StandardsMPS
Manufacturing process specification. Source: API Specification 20E, Alloy and Carbon Steel Bolting for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Second Edition, February 2017. Global Standards Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global Standards Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsMPS
Manufacturing Procedure Specification Source: Verification of Lifting Appliances for the Oil and Gas Industry, DNV-OSS-308, October 2010, Det Norske Veritas AS, Global StandardsSMYS
Definition(s)
SMYS
Specified minimum yield strength. Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards Source: API Technical Report 17TR7, Verification and Validation of Subsea Connectors, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: ISO 21457:2010, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems, First Edition,September 2010. Global StandardsSMYS
Minimum yield strength at room temperature prescribed by the specification or standard under which the material is purchased.
Source: API Technical Report 17TR7, Verification and Validation of Subsea Connectors, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards
SMYS
Specified minimum yield strength (mathematical symbol: σSMY). Source: API SPEC 17E, Specification for Subsea Umbilicals, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, October 2010. Global StandardsSMYS
(Specified Minimum Yield Strength) - the design value of the strength of the steel used in the pipe or vessel. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsSMYS
Specified minimum yield stress. Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global StandardsSSRT
Definition(s)
SSRT
Slow strain rate testing. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsTPN
Definition(s)
TPN
Test priority number. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsUTS
Definition(s)
UTS
Ultimate Tensile Strength. Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsCreep
Definition(s)
Creep
The permanent increase in length under sustained tension or cyclic loading. Source: API RP 2SM Design, Manufacture, Installation, and Maintenance of Synthetic Fiber Ropes for Offshore Mooring, Second Edition, July 2014. Global Standards Source: API RP 2SM, Design, Manufacture, Installation, and Maintenance of Synthetic Fiber Ropes for Offshore Mooring, First Edition, July 2014. Global StandardsCreep
Creep is defined as a time-dependent deformation of a material while under an applied load. It is usually regarded as an elevated temperature phenomenon, although some materials creep at room temperature. If permitted to continue indefinitely, creep may terminate in rupture. Creep in service is usually typified by complex conditions of loading and temperature. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsCreep
Creep is the time-dependent deformation of materials that occurs at temperatures greater than about 40 % to 50 % of the lowest melting point or lowest end of the melting range. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsCreep
The time-dependent increase in deformation of a component when subjected to a constant stress.
Source:API SPECIFICATION 7K, Drilling and Well Servicing Equipment, Sixth Edition, December 2015. Global StandardsEmbrittlement
Definition(s)
Embrittlement
Embrittlement may be defined as the loss of ductility or toughness resulting from exposure of materials to various environments. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsDesign Simulations
Definition(s)
Design simulations
Simulations represent a technique for testing, analysis, or training in which real-world systems are used, or where real-world and conceptual systems are reproduced by a model. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsHPHT Environments
Definition(s)
HPHT environments
HPHT environments are intended to mean that one or more of the following well conditions exist: a) the completion of the well requires completion equipment or well control equipment assigned a temperature rating greater than 350 °F or a pressure rating greater than 15,000 psig; b) the maximum anticipated surface pressure or shut-in tubing pressure is greater than 15,000 psig on the seafloor for a well with a subsea wellhead or at the surface for a well with a surface wellhead; or c) the flowing temperature is greater than 350 °F on the seafloor for a well with a subsea wellhead or on the surface for a well with a surface wellhead. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsSystems Approach
Definition(s)
Systems approach
For this document, systems approach will be defined as the loads or combination of loads along the length of the well. Generally, these loads are the result of pressure, tension, bending, and compression loads (both dynamic and static) on the components that will be transferred from component to component as these components are connected in the well configuration. These loads generally are transferred to the earth at the shoe through a cemented shoe joint, along the cemented casing and at the wellhead. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsValidation Process
Definition(s)
Validation process
The validation process is the methodology to incorporate the basis of design in system testing and validate the results of the verification process. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsFailure Modes and Effects Analysis
Definition(s)
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) means a systematic analysis of systems and sub-systems to a level of detail that identifies all potential failure modes down to the appropriate sub-system level and their consequences.
Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1580, GUIDELINES FOR VESSELS AND UNITS WITH DYNAMIC POSITIONING (DP) SYSTEMS, 16 June 2017, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceFailure Modes and Effects Analysis
A systematic analysis of systems and sub-systems to a level of detail that identifies all potential failure modes down to the appropriate sub-system level and their consequences. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global StandardsFailure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
FMEA is a methodology developed during the 1940s by the U.S. armed forces. It was later used in aerospace. It was applied to hazard analysis and critical control point during the race to the Moon. It was introduced to the automotive industry in the 1970s. The oil and gas sector started using FMEA in the late 1990s. The FMEA methodology is currently an accepted practice used by the many oil and gas companies and suppliers as part of their toolkit in various areas of operations and design. The FMEA is designed to identify failure modes and hazards affecting a focus item (focus items can be a component, a subsystem, or a system). The main goal is to come up with solutions to prevent the failure from happening, hence, improving the reliability of the focus item. It is preferably applied at as many levels as feasible of the system in question to include more specific solutions. The narrower the focus of the FMEA, the more specific the solution to the problem. FMEA has been used extensively in other industries, and it is becoming an integral part of the development process in the upstream oil and gas industry. The FMEA table follows the validation process discussed in the main document and presented in Figure C.1. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsFailure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
A hazard identification technique in which known failure modes of components or features of a system are considered and undesired outcomes are noted. FMEA is related to Fault Tree and Event Tree Analyses. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC GuidelinesFailure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a tabulation of each item of equipment, its failure modes, and the effects on a system of any such failure. The FMEA technique concentrates on the cause and effect of failure of individual components or systems. Source: Approved Code of Practice for Managing Hazards to Prevent Major Industrial Accidents, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Department of Labour, New Zealand, July 1994. Regulatory GuidanceElastic-plastic Analysis
Definition(s)
Elastic-plastic analysis
An analysis considering both the applied loading and deformation characteristics of the component. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsDesign Verification
Definition(s)
Design Verification
Process of examining the result of design and development output to determine conformity with specified requirements.- NOTE: 1 Design verification activities can include one or more of the following (not an all-inclusive list):
- confirming the accuracy of design results through the performance of alternative calculations,
- review of design output documents independent of activities of design and development,
- comparing new designs to similar proven designs.
- NOTE: 2 Design verification is addressed in both API Q2 and this document differently. For API Q2, “design and development verification” refers to the design of the service provided by the service provider. For this document, “design verification” occurring under product definition refers to the design of the managed product being controlled by the service provider.
Design Verification (verification analysis)
Process of examining the result of design and development output (both during and after the design and development phase) to determine conformity with specified requirements.- NOTE: Design verification activities can include one or more of the following (this is not an all-inclusive list):
- confirming the accuracy of design results through the performance of alternative calculations,
- review of design output documents independent of activities of design and development,
- comparing new designs to similar proven designs.
Design Verification
Process of examining the result of a given design or development activity to determine conformity with specified requirements.- NOTE: These activities are described in 6.4. [ISO/TS 29001].
Design Verification
Process of examining the result of a given design or development activity to determine conformity with specified requirements. (See 6.6.) Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global StandardsDesign Verification
Process of examining the result of a given design or development activity to determine conformity with specified requirements [ISO/TS 29001:2003]. Source: API SPEC 14A, Specification for Subsurface Safety Valve Equipment, Eleventh Edition, October 2005 (Reaffirmed June 2012). Global Standards Source: ISO/TS 29001:2010(E).Global StandardsDesign Verification
Process of examining the result of a given design or development activity to determine conformity with specified requirements. Source: API SPEC 17L1, Specification for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsDesign Verification
Process of examining the result of a given design or development activity to determine conformity with specified requirements. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Programs for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industry, Upstream Segment, Eighth Edition, December 2007 (Addendum December 2010). Global StandardsDesign Verification
Process of examining the result of a given design or development activity to determine conformity with specified requirements (API Q1).- NOTE: Design verification activities include one or more of the following:
- confirming the accuracy of design results through the performance of alternative calculations,
- review of design output documents independent of design and development review,
- comparing new designs to similar proven designs.
Design Validation
Definition(s)
Design Validation (validation testing or qualification)
Process of proving a design by testing to demonstrate conformity of the product to design requirements.- NOTE: Design validation can include one or more of the following (this is not an all-inclusive list):
- prototype tests,
- functional and/or operational tests of production products,
- tests specified by industry standards and/or regulatory requirements,
d) field performance tests and reviews
Source: API Technical Report 17TR7, Verification and Validation of Subsea Connectors, First Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsDesign Validation
Process of proving a design by testing to demonstrate conformity of the product to design requirements. NOTE Design validation can include one or more of the following (this is not an all-inclusive list):- prototype tests,
- functional and/or operational tests of production products,
- tests specified by industry standards and/or regulatory requirements,
- field performance tests and reviews.
Design Validation
Process of examining the result of design and development output to determine conformity with specified requirements. NOTE Design verification activities can include one or more of the following (this is not an all-inclusive list):- confirming the accuracy of design results through the performance of alternative calculations,
- review of design output documents independent of activities of design and development,
- comparing new designs to similar proven designs.
Design Validation
Process of proving a design by testing to demonstrate conformity of the product to design requirements [ISO/TS 29001:2003]. Source: API SPEC 14A, Specification for Subsurface Safety Valve Equipment, Eleventh Edition, October 2005 (Reaffirmed June 2012). Global StandardsDesign Validation
Process of proving a design by testing to demonstrate conformity of the product to design requirements. NOTE Seven standard design validation grades (V6 to V0) are specified in 6.5. [ISO/TS 29001]. Source: API SPEC 11D1, Packers and Bridge Plugs, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, July 2009. Global StandardsDesign Validation
Process of proving a design by testing to demonstrate conformity of the product to design requirements. Source: API STANDARD 18LCM, Product Life Cycle Management System Requirements for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Programs for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industry, Upstream Segment, Eighth Edition, December 2007 (Addendum December 2010). Global Standards Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global Standards Source:ISO/TS 29001:2010(E).Global StandardsDesign validation
Process of proving a design by testing to demonstrate conformity of the product to design requirements (API Q1). NOTE Design validation includes one or more of the following: a) prototype tests, b) functional and/or operational tests of production products, c) tests specified by industry standards and/or regulatory requirements, d) field performance tests and reviews. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsDesign Margin
Definition(s)
Design margin
The ratio of the structural capacity of a system to the applied loads or design loads. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsCritical Crack Depth
Definition(s)
Critical crack depth
Crack dimension at which unstable crack propagation is predicted to occur based on fracture mechanics calculations. NOTE 1 Crack depth for a given load at which the stress intensity factor equals the plane strain fracture toughness (KIC). NOTE 2 Crack depth is that depth at which the combination of load ratio and toughness ratio are at the limit on the failure assessment diagram. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsUser/purchaser
Definition(s)
User or user/purchaser
The company, organization or entity that purchases, installs, and/or uses equipment. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsCorrosion-resistant Alloy
Definition(s)
Corrosion-resistant alloys
Nonferrous-based alloys where any one or the sum of the specified amount of the elements titanium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, and molybdenum exceeds 50 % mass fraction- NOTE: This definition is different from that in ISO 15156 (NACE MR0175/ISO 15156; see Clause 2).
Corrosion-resistant alloys (CRAs)
Alloys that are intended to be resistant to general and localized corrosion in oilfield environments that are corrosive to carbon steels. NOTE This definition is in accordance with ISO 15156-1 and is intended to include materials such as stainless steels with minimum 11,5 % mass fraction Cr, and nickel, cobalt and titanium base alloys. Other ISO documents can have other definitions. Source: API RP 17A Addendum 1, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, December 2010. Global StandardsCorrosion resistant alloy
Alloy intended to be resistant to general and localized corrosion by oilfield environments that are corrosive to carbon steels- NOTE: This definition is in accordance with ISO 15156-1 and is intended to include materials such as stainless steel with minimum 11,5 % (mass fraction) Cr, and nickel, cobalt and titanium base alloys. Other ISO standards can have other definitions.
Corrosion resistant alloy
Nonferrous-based alloy in which any one or the sum of the specified amount of the elements titanium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, and molybdenum exceeds 50 % (mass fraction) (API 6A). Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsBlowout Preventer Control System
Definition(s)
BOP control system
BOP functions are controlled using several methods such as direct, piloted, electro hydraulic, and MUX. One method employs piloted hydraulic controls. In this case, a hydraulic signal is transmitted from the surface control station to the subsea BOP. A hydraulic pilot valve receives the signal triggering the actuation of the subsea function. Because the hydraulic signal travels slowly, this type of control is best suited for use in shallower water depths. Another type of control uses electro-hydraulic technology. Systems in deeper water depths use multiplexed electrical or fiber optic signals sent from the surface to the pods to actuate the function on the subsea BOP. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsVacuum Insulated Tubing
Definition(s)
Vacuum insulated tubing
VIT consists of a double tubing wall welded together on either the ID or OD of the joint. The vacuum between the two pipes achieves very low thermal conductivity to reduce heat transfer from the tubing to the surrounding annuli. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsDynamic Positioning Systems (DPS)
Definition(s)
Dynamic Positioning System (DP system)
The complete installation necessary for dynamically positioning a vessel comprising, but not limited to, the following sub-systems:- power system
- thruster system
- DP control system
Dynamic Positioning System
Dynamic Positioning system (DP system) means the complete installation necessary for dynamically positioning a vessel comprising, but not limited to, the following sub-systems:- power system;
- thruster system; and
- DP control system