Validation

Validation

Definition(s)

Validation

Confirmation that the operational requirements for a specific use or application have been fulfilled through the provision of objective evidence. NOTE Typically validation is achieved by qualification testing and/or system integration testing. Source: API Recommended Practice 17H, Remotely Operated Tools and Interfaces on Subsea Production Systems, Second Edition, June 2013 (Addendum 1, October 2014). Global Standards

Validation

A quality assurance process of establishing evidence that provides a high degree of assurance that a product, service, or system will accomplish its intended purpose. NOTE This often involves acceptance of fit-for-purpose with end users and other product stakeholders. NOTE 2 In this document, the related term “validation” is used only with respect to the initial design of equipment (i.e. capacity calculations and any performance confirmation tests in a lab rather than in the well). Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Validation

confirmation through the use of objective evidence that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global Standards  

Validation

Confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled [SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005]. Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global Standards  

Validation

A validation of a proposed facility is a statement in writing by an independent validator in respect of the design, construction and installation (including instrumentation, process layout and process control systems) of the facility, to the extent that these matters are covered by the scope of the validation agreed between NOPSEMA and the operator. A validation of a proposed significant change to an existing facility is a statement in writing by an independent validator in respect of the proposed change, to the extent required by the scope of the validation agreed between NOPSEMA and the operator. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Safety) Regulations 2009 (Select Legislative Instrument 2009 No. 382 as amended), Australia, prepared on 1 January 2012. Regulations
Trip Margin

Trip Margin

Definition(s)

Trip Margin

Additional drilling or completion fluid density that provides an increment of overbalance pressure in order to compensate for effects of swabbing. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Trip Margin

An incremental increase in drilling fluid density to provide an increment of overbalance in order to compensate for effects of swabbing. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global Standards  

Trip Margin

An incremental increase in drilling fluid density to provide an element of overbalance and compensate for the effects of swabbing Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards
Well Total System Reliability

Well Total System Reliability

Definition(s)

Total system reliability or system reliability or well total system reliability

The probability over time that the combination of all physical and operational barriers will prevent unintended flow of fluid or gas. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
System Reliability

System Reliability

Definition(s)

Total system reliability or system reliability or well total system reliability

The probability over time that the combination of all physical and operational barriers will prevent unintended flow of fluid or gas. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Total System Reliability

Total System Reliability

Definition(s)

Total system reliability or system reliability or well total system reliability

The probability over time that the combination of all physical and operational barriers will prevent unintended flow of fluid or gas. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Tested Barrier

Tested Barrier

Definition(s)

Tested barrier

A barrier whose performance has been verified through meeting the acceptance criteria of a pressure test in the direction of flow and to a pressure differential equal to or greater than the maximum differential pressure anticipated during the life of the barrier. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Test Ram

Test Ram

Definition(s)

Test ram

A ram installed in the lowest cavity of a BOP stack that is designed to hold pressure from above and seals around the drill string (used to facilitate BOP testing operations). Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Swab

Swab

Definition(s)

Swab

The lowering of the hydrostatic pressure in the well bore due to upward movement of tubulars and/or tools. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Surge

Surge

Definition(s)

Surge

An increase in downhole pressure that occurs when a string is lowered in the well or when circulation is initiated. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Surge

Vessel motion along the for/aft axis. Source: API RP 16Q, Recommended Practice for Design, Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, First Edition, November 1993 (Reaffirmed August 2001). Global Standards  

Surge

Vessel motion along the fore/aft axis. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards Source: ISO 13624-1:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Drilling and production equipment – Part 1:Design and operation of marine drilling riser equipment. Global Standards  

Surge

  1. pressure change produced by conditions such as pump or compressor startup or shutdown, valve openings or closures, and line leaks.
  2. pulsating flow in centrifugal compressors caused by operating under low flow conditions.
Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards
Surface Cement Plug

Surface Cement Plug

Definition(s)

Surface cement plug

The shallowest cement plug set below the mudline for well abandonments. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Subsea Tree

Subsea Tree

Definition(s)

Subsea Tree

A system of valves placed on the subsea wellhead designed to control the flow into or out of the completed well. NOTE The subsea tree may provide numerous additional functions [e.g. chemical injection points, well intervention means, pressure relief means (annulus vent), etc.]. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Subsea Tree

Assembly of valves attached to the uppermost connection of the subsea wellhead and used to control well production. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards  
String

String

Definition(s)

String

Assembly of individual tubular joints. EXAMPLES Casing, drill pipe, tubing, etc. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Stop Work Authority

Stop Work Authority

Definition(s)

Stop work authority (SWA)

A program that provides all operator and contractor/service personnel, directly or indirectly involved with the operation, the responsibility and authority to cease work until a review of the activity can be concluded, and it has been found safe to resume such activity. Source: API  Bulletin 97, Well Construction Interface Document Guidelines, First Edition, December 2013. Global Standards

Stop work authority (SWA)

A process that provides all operator and contractor/service personnel, directly or indirectly involved with the operation, the responsibility and authority to cease work until a review of the activity can be concluded and it has been found safe to resume such activity. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Stationkeeping

Stationkeeping

Definition(s)

Stationkeeping

Maintenance of a vessel’s desired operating position or station (within stated tolerances) relative to the wellhead or to another vessel. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Standard Operating Procedure

Standard Operating Procedure

Definition(s)

Standard operating procedure (SOP)

A detailed written procedure used to safely execute a recurring work process in a consistent manner. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Stakeholder

Stakeholder

Definition(s)

Stakeholder

A person or organization that is affected or can be affected by an organization's actions and policies. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Stakeholder

An individual or organization having a right, share, claim or interest in a system. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1512, Guideline on Software Quality Assurance and Human-Centred Design for e-navigation, 8 June 2015, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance  

Stakeholder

Person or organization that can affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by a decision or activity. NOTE A decision maker can be a stakeholder. Source: ISO Guide 73:2009(E/F), Risk Management – Vocabulary, First Edition, 2009. Global Standards  

Stakeholder

<risk management> person or organization that can affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by a decision or activity. [ISO Guide 73:2009] Source: ISO/IEC 27032:2015, Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for cybersecurity, First Edition, July 2012. Global Standards  

Stakeholder

<system> individual or organization having a right, share, claim or interest in a system or in its possession of characteristics that meet their needs and expectations [ISO/IEC 12207:2008] Source: ISO/IEC 27032:2015, Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for cybersecurity, First Edition, July 2012. Global Standards  

Stakeholder

Person or organization that can affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by a decision or activity. [SOURCE: ISO Guide 73:2009]. Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global Standards
Shoe Track

Shoe Track

Definition(s)

Shoe track

The space inside the casing between the float/guide shoe and the landing/float collar. NOTE This space provides a volume that helps prevent over displacement of the primary cement job; thus, the shoe track is typically filled with cement or a cement-mud combination due to wiper plug mud film displacement. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
SEMS

SEMS

Definition(s)

SEMS

Safety and environmental management system. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: API  Bulletin 97, Well Construction Interface Document Guidelines, First Edition, December 2013. Global Standards Source:API RP T-1, Creating Orientation Programs for Personnel Going Offshore, Fifth Edition, November 2016. Global Standards
Safety and Environmental Management System

Safety and Environmental Management System

Definition(s)

Safety and environmental management system (SEMS)

Structured set of interdependent doctrines, documents, and principles that are intended to ensure that the activities of an organization are directed, planned, and conducted safely. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: API  Bulletin 97, Well Construction Interface Document Guidelines, First Edition, December 2013. Global Standards
Riserless Casing String

Riserless Casing String

Definition(s)

Riserless casing string

A string run in open water prior to the subsea stack being landed. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Riser Margin

Riser Margin

Definition(s)

Riser margin

The difference between the hydrostatic pressure generated by the mud column in the riser to the mud line and the hydrostatic pressure generated by the seawater column to the mud line. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Piloted Hydraulic

Piloted Hydraulic

Definition(s)

Piloted hydraulic

Type of control system that uses individual hydraulic lines to actuate a subsea valve in the control pod, which allows hydraulic actuation fluid flow to function a BOP component. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Physical Barrier

Physical Barrier

Definition(s)

Physical Barrier

Material object or set of objects intended to prevent the transmission of pressure and fluid flow from one side of the barrier to the other side. NOTE 1 The barrier is designed to withstand all anticipated pressures at its relative position in the wellbore. It may be verified by testing to its full-anticipated load or verified by alternative evaluation (refer to 5.3.2). NOTE 2 Includes mechanical barriers, cement barriers, and hydrostatic barriers. NOTE 3 Does not include operational barriers. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Physical Barrier

A physical barrier means a function that can prevent or limit harm in the event of an unwanted incident. Other acute situations may, inter alia, constitute hazard and accident situations that have occurred, weather conditions that reduce the possibility of transporting personnel from the facility etc. Source: Guidelines Regarding the Activities Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  
Operational Barrier

Operational Barrier

Definition(s)

Operational barrier

A human action or response that results in the activation of a physical barrier, thereby enhancing the total system reliability. NOTE Operational barriers by themselves do not constitute a physical barrier. EXAMPLES Process to close BOPs; the detection of an influx. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Open Water

Open Water

Definition(s)

Open water

Column of seawater between the subsea wellhead and floating rig without the riser installed. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Nonaqueous Fluid

Nonaqueous Fluid

Definition(s)

Nonaqueous fluid (NAF)

An emulsion where the continuous phase is a water immiscible fluid (i.e. synthetic or mineral oil) and water (commonly brine) is the discontinuous, dispersed internal phase. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Lower Riser Package

Lower Riser Package

Definition(s)

Lower Riser Package

Subsea equipment package which forms part of the lower workover riser package and typically consists of a WCT-BOP and tree running tool. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards

Lower Riser Package or LRP

Used for intervention, flowing or vertical tree installation. It contains a series of isolation and cutting valves as part of, or in addition to, the emergency disconnect package. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Mudline Shut-in Pressure

Mudline Shut-in Pressure

Definition(s)

Mudline shut-in pressure

Internal pressure at mudline assuming that the mud in the hole is fully or partially replaced by a hydrostatic column of formation fluid supplied by its reservoir at its depth and static pressure. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Metocean

Metocean

Definition(s)

Metocean

Meteorological and oceanographic data, such as wind, wave, water current, and tidal condition measurements. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Landing String

Landing String

Definition(s)

Landing String

All the equipment of the riser above the tubing hanger that is contained wholly or partly within the BOP stack and up to the first standard riser joint. NOTE For live well operations, the landing string typically consists of a tubing hanger running tool, subsea test tree, shear sub, retainer valve and lubricator valve. For killed well operations, the landing string typically consists of a tubing hanger running tool and tubing hanger orientation joint or slick joint. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards

Landing String

Jointed pipe used to run casing strings, liners, or tubing. NOTE A landing string can be designed to have a higher load capacity and is often inspected to a higher acceptance criterion than a string used for drilling. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards