Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Focal Point
Definition(s)
Focal point
An OHS inspector allocated to liaise with the operator of one or more facilities concerning all OHS matters arising and who will usually (but not always) be the relevant lead inspector. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceField Development Plan
Definition(s)
Field Development Plan (includes preliminary and finalised versions)
A document required by the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism as part of the process for granting a production or infrastructure licence. It has no link to the listed OHS laws or any function of NOPSEMA. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceEnforcement
Definition(s)
Enforcement
Any formal decision or action taken by NOPSEMA or an OHS inspector to maintain or restore compliance, or to prevent or respond to non-compliance, by a duty holder in relation to the listed OHS laws. Enforcement therefore includes: reporting breaches of legislation to the Director of Public Prosecutions; issuing prohibition and improvement notices; making recommendations in a report of an inspection; deciding the acceptability of a submitted safety case; requiring validation; or giving a warning, written or verbal, concerning an OHS matter. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceDay-to-day Management and Control (Operator’s Representative)
Definition(s)
Day-to-day management and control (operator’s representative)
Refer to advice from Australian Government Solicitor, particularly Objective record A70187. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceDay-to-day Management and Control (Operator)
Definition(s)
Day-to-day management and control (operator)
Refer to advice from the Australian Government Solicitor, particularly Objective record A105840. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceAssessment
Definition(s)
Assessment
In this Part, “assessment” includes reassessment. Source: Canada Petroleum Resources Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 36 (2nd Supp.), current to April 29, 2013. LegislationAssessment
An evaluation or audit of an activity or asset to determine whether performance objectives have been achieved or OMS expectations correctly implemented. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global StandardsAssessment
Process undertaken by an accreditation body to assess the competence of a CAB, based on particular standard(s) and/or other normative documents and for a defined scope of accreditation. NOTE Assessing the competence of a CAB involves assessing the competence of the entire operations of the CAB, including the competence of the personnel, the validity of the conformity assessment methodology and the validity of the conformity assessment results. Source: ISO/IEC 17011:2004, Conformity assessment – General requirements for accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessment bodies. Global StandardsAssessment
Site-specific assessment. Evaluation of the stability and structural integrity of a jack-up and, where applicable, its seabed restraint or support against the actions determined in accordance with the requirements of this part of ISO 19905. NOTE An assessment can be limited to an evaluation of the components or member. Source: ISO 19905-1:202, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units – Part 1: Jack-ups. Global StandardsAssessment
Site-specific assessment. Evaluation of the stability and structural integrity of a jack-up and, where applicable, its seabed restraint or support against the actions determined in accordance with the requirements of this part of ISO 19905. NOTE An assessment can be limited to an evaluation of the components or members of the structure which, when removed or damaged, could cause failure of the whole structure, or a significant part of it. Source: ISO 19905-1:202, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units – Part 1: Jack-ups. Global StandardsAssessment
Assessment is the process described in the regulation. The process of assessment should involve the following steps: identifying fire and explosion major accident hazards, and major accident hazards with the potential to require evacuation, escape or rescue; identifying the likelihood of them occurring and their consequences; identifying the measures needed to meet the requirements of these Regulations, in respect of major accident hazards from fire and explosion, and major accident hazards requiring evacuation, escape and rescue; identifying performance standards for those measures to protect persons from fire and explosion and to ensure effective evacuation, escape and rescue. Source: Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response on Offshore Installations, Offshore Installations (Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response) Regulations 1995, Approved Code of Practice and guidance (UK HSE L65), Second Edition, 1997. Regulatory GuidanceAssessment
Process that evaluates a person’s fulfilment of the requirements of the certification scheme [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.8]. Source: ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary related to competence of persons used for certification of persons, Global StandardsAssessment
A formal examination, conforming to a relevant regulatory process, to determine if a submitted document meets the relevant tests in the listed OHS laws. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceAssessment
The initial comprehensive review of the fabrication yard’s quality systems, prior to the granting of approval, to establish that all the requirements of these Rules have been met. Source: Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Mobile Offshore Units, Part 4, Steel Unit Structures, June 2013, Lloyd’s Register, Global StandardsAssessment
An act of assessing, appraising or evaluating a condition of a product, process or system assigning class originally signified designation of one of several classes to a vessel based on its condition, ranging from good to bad. Today only the highest class is assigned, comprising the main class, 1A, and an obligatory additional class notation, e.g. Drilling Unit, where applicable. Voluntary additional class notations may also be assigned covering special service, equipment or systems, e.g. DRILL denoting a classed drilling plant. Source: Rules for Classification – Offshore units, DNVGL-OU-0101, Offshore drilling and support units, DNV GL, July 2015. Global StandardAssessment
An assessment shall consist of— (a) the identification of the various events which could give rise to—- a major accident involving fire or explosion; or
- the need (whether or not by reason of fire or explosion) for evacuation, escape or rescue to avoid or minimise a major accident;
- ensuring effective evacuation, escape, recovery and rescue to avoid or minimise a major accident; and
- otherwise protecting persons from a major accident involving fire or explosion; and
Core Process
Definition(s)
Core process
A documented process used by NOPSEMA to manage and control how some activity is conducted. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceALARP
Definition(s)
ALARP
As Low As Reasonably Practicable. Source: DNVGL-RP-G108, Cyber security in the oil and gas industry based on IEC 62443, DNV GL, September 2017. Global Standards Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global Standards Source: Oil & Gas UK, Guidelines on subsea BOP systems, Issue 1, July 2012, Global Standards Source: OGP Report No. 476, Recommendations for enhancements to well control training, examination and certification, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, October 2012. Global Standards Source: 117 OLF, Norwegian Oil and Gas Association recommended guidelines for Well Integrity, No. 117, Revision No. 4, June 2011. Global Standards Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: OGP Report No. 476, Recommendations for enhancements to well control training, examination and certification, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, October 2012. Global Standards Source: Rules for Classification and Construction, IV Industrial Services, 6 Offshore Technology, 9 Guideline for Personnel Transfers by Means of Lifting Appliances, Edition 2011, Germanischer Lloyd SE, Global StandardsALARP
As low as reasonably practical. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global StandardsALARP
Implementation of risk-reducing measures until the cost (including time, capital costs or other resources/assets) of further risk reduction is disproportional to the potential risk reducing effect achieved by implementing any additional measure- Note: 1 to entry: See UK HSE
ALARP/ALARA
"As Low as Reasonably Practicable" (ALARP) is a commonly applied, judgement-based, principle to assess whether risk controls/barriers are sufficient. It recognises the concept of proportionality between costs and efforts expended, and risk reduction benefit. "As Low as (is) Reasonably Achievable" (ALARA) is based on similar principles to ensure the residual risk will be as low as reasonably practicable. The principle recognises that it is generally not possible to eliminate risk entirely, but it aims to demonstrate that the risk of an activity has been reduced to a level acceptable to stakeholders. To reduce a risk to a level "as low as reasonably practicable" represents the point where the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. The UK HSE has produced extensive guidance on ALARP, including "Principles and guidelines ro assist HSE in its judgements that duty-holders have reduced risk as low as reasonably practicable" http:/ /www.hse.gov.uk/risk/theory/alarpl.htm. In the United States of America, ALARA is almost exclusively used in the field of radiation protection and is defined in Tide 10, Section 20.1003 of the Code ofFederal Regulations (10 CFR20.1003). Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global StandardsALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)
A process for assessing the amount of effort and resources that should reasonably be applied to reduce risk. Reducing a risk to a level which is ALARP involves objectively determining the balance where the effort and cost of further reduction measures become disproportionate to the additional amount of risk reduction obtained. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC GuidelinesAs low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)
To reduce a risk to a level which is ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ involves balancing reduction in risk against the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of achieving it. This level represents the point, objectively assessed, at which the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. Source: OGP Report No. 6.36/210, Guidelines for the Development and Application of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, July 1994. Global StandardsAs low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)
A phrase used in the Regulations and the Act. The concept has been elaborated in various legal judgements. (There is voluminous relevant guidance available from Australia and elsewhere, e.g. the UK HSE.) (The related phrase “reasonably practicable” is used frequently in the Act.)The legal definition of “reasonably practicable” was set out in England by Lord Justice Asquith in Edwards v National Coal Board [1949] who said: “‘Reasonably practicable’ is a narrower term than ‘physically possible’ and seems to me to imply that a computation must be made by the owner, in which the quantum of risk is placed on one scale and the sacrifice involved in the measures necessary for averting the risk (whether in money, time or trouble) is placed in the other; and that if it be shown that there is a gross disproportion between them — the risk being insignificant in relation to the sacrifice — the defendants discharge the onus on them. Moreover, this computation falls to be made by the owner at a point of time anterior to the accident.” This English decision has since been confirmed by the Australian High Court. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceALARP
This term refers to reducing risk to a level that is As Low As Reasonably Practicable. In practice, this means that the operator has to show through reasoned and supported arguments that there are no other practicable options that could reasonably be adopted to reduce risks further. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceAs Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)
Definition(s)
As Low As Reasonably Practicable
Implementation of risk-reducing measures until the cost (including time, capital costs or other resources/assets) of further risk reduction is disproportional to the potential risk reducing effect achieved by implementing any additional measure.Note 1 to entry: See UK HSE.
Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global StandardsALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)
A process for assessing the amount of effort and resources that should reasonably be applied to reduce risk. Reducing a risk to a level which is ALARP involves objectively determining the balance where the effort and cost of further reduction measures become disproportionate to the additional amount of risk reduction obtained. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC GuidelinesAs low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)
A phrase used in the Regulations and the Act. The concept has been elaborated in various legal judgements. (There is voluminous relevant guidance available from Australia and elsewhere, e.g. the UK HSE.) (The related phrase “reasonably practicable” is used frequently in the Act.)The legal definition of “reasonably practicable” was set out in England by Lord Justice Asquith in Edwards v National Coal Board [1949] who said: “‘Reasonably practicable’ is a narrower term than ‘physically possible’ and seems to me to imply that a computation must be made by the owner, in which the quantum of risk is placed on one scale and the sacrifice involved in the measures necessary for averting the risk (whether in money, time or trouble) is placed in the other; and that if it be shown that there is a gross disproportion between them — the risk being insignificant in relation to the sacrifice — the defendants discharge the onus on them. Moreover, this computation falls to be made by the owner at a point of time anterior to the accident.” This English decision has since been confirmed by the Australian High Court Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceAs low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)
To reduce a risk to a level which is ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ involves balancing reduction in risk against the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of achieving it. This level represents the point, objectively assessed, at which the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. Source: OGP Report No. 6.36/210, Guidelines for the Development and Application of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, July 1994. Global StandardsCorporate Audit
Definition(s)
Corporate audit
A particular form of inspection described in the relevant regulatory process. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceAssociated Offshore Place
Definition(s)
Associated offshore place
As noted above a facility includes an associated offshore place. Clause 3 of Schedule 3 to the OPGGSA defines associated offshore place as any offshore place near the facility where activities (including diving activities) relating to construction, operation, maintenance or decommissioning of the facility takes place. The associated offshore place in relation to a facility can vary depending on the nature of the activities undertaken. Parties undertaking activities relating to the construction, operation, maintenance or decommissioning of the facility are in an associated offshore place and included in the facility. Obligations if a vessel is an associated offshore place A vessel determined to be an associated offshore place is subject to obligations of Schedule 3 and applicable regulations, including the existing (host) facility safety case. If the vessel and activity are not covered by the existing safety case, a revision to the host safety case will be required. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline: Facility definition includes an associated offshore place, N-01000-GL0253, Australia, Revision 4, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceAssociated offshore places
Vessels and structures that are not associated offshore places- For the definition of associated offshore place in clause 3 of Schedule 3 of the Act, the vessels and structures in the following table are not associated offshore places.
- Vessel supporting a remotely-operated vehicle that is being used in connection with:
- inspection; or
- cleaning; or
- non-disturbing span rectification (for example, grout bagging); or
- the operation of a valve; or
- the recovery of debris; or
- valve control unit change out
- Vessel supporting a remotely-operated vehicle that is being used in connection with the removal of weight coating from a pipe before hydro-testing
- Vessel laying an umbilical or a cable
- Vessel:
- laying a clump weight anchor or mattress; or
- conducting rock dumping on a pipe during its construction (before hydro-testing)
- Vessel placing support structures or foundations on the sea bed for the purpose of a facility, including:
- foundation supports for a platform jacket, pipe end manifold or another manifold; or
- foundation piles
- Vessel undertaking pipe trenching and burial during the construction of a facility (before hydro-testing)
- Vessel installing and attaching a short length flexible pipe or jumper if there is no petroleum or greenhouse gas substance contained in the pipe or equipment to which the flexible pipe or jumper is being connected
- Vessel placing a subsea pipe manifold or pipe end manifold during the construction of a facility (before hydro-testing)
- Vessel attaching a cathodic protection anode to a pipe if welding is not required
- Vessel supporting a remotely-operated vehicle that is being used in connection with:
- However, subregulation (1) does not apply to a vessel in circumstances in which a facility is causing a risk (other than an ordinary marine risk) to the vessel or to persons on the vessel.
Associated offshore place
Associated offshore place, in relation to a facility, means any offshore place near the facility where activities (including diving activities) relating to the construction, installation, operation, maintenance or decommissioning of the facility take place, but does not include:- another facility; or
- a supply vessel, offtake tanker, anchor handler or tugboat; or
- a vessel, or structure, that is declared by the regulations not to be an associated offshore place.
Acceptance Inspection
Definition(s)
Acceptance Inspection
Specified limits of acceptability applied to process, service, or product characteristics . Source: API Spec Q2, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Service, Supply Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Upstream Segment, First Edition, December 2011. Global StandardsAcceptance Inspection
Demonstration through monitoring or measurement that the product complies with specified requirements. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global Standards Source:ISO/TS 29001:2010(E).Global StandardsAcceptance Criteria
Definition(s)
Acceptance Criteria
Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, products, equipment, processes, or services. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsAcceptance Criteria
Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, equipment, processes, or service.
Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsAcceptance Criteria
Specified limits of acceptability applied to process or product characteristics. Source: API Technical Report 17TR7, Verification and Validation of Subsea Connectors, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards Source: API Spec Q2, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Service, Supply Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Upstream Segment, First Edition, December 2011. Global Standards Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global StandardsAcceptance Criteria
Acceptance criteria (definition at Rule 2(a)) means the upper limit of acceptable risk related to major accidents and risk related to the environment. Major accident means an accident involving several serious personal injuries or deaths or an accident that jeopardises the integrity of the facility. Environmental risk means the risk of pollution. Source: Guidance Notes on Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules, 2008, Oil Industry Safety Directorate (India), 2012. Regulatory GuidanceAcceptance Criteria
Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, products or services . Source: API SPEC 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Twentieth Edition, October 2010 (Addendum November 2012). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Third Edition, June 2004 (Errata/Supplement November 2004). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16C, Specification for Choke and Kill Systems, First Edition, January 1993 (Reaffirmed 2001). Global StandardsAcceptance Criteria
Specified limits of acceptability applied to process, service, or product characteristics. Source: API Spec Q2, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Service, Supply Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Upstream Segment, First Edition, December 2011. Global StandardsAcceptance Criteria
Specified limits of acceptability applied to process or product characteristics. Source:ISO/TS 29001:2010(E).Global StandardsAcceptance Criteria
The limits for the risk to be acceptable (Arbo Regulation Article 3.2). Source: NOGEPA Industrial Guideline No. 7, Rescue at Sea, Netherlands, Version 0, January 2008. Global StandardsAcceptance Criteria
“Acceptance criteria” means criteria used to express a risk level that is considered acceptable for the activity in question, limited to the high level expressions of risk. Source: Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules, 2008, India, 18th June 2008. RegulationsAcceptance Criteria
Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, products, or services. Source: API SPEC 16RCD, Specification for Drill Through Equipment—Rotating Control Devices, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2005. Global StandardsField Repairs
Definition(s)
Field repairs
Repairs made to equipment outside of a normal service center. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsFracture Toughness
Definition(s)
Fracture toughness
Property of a material which measures the resistance to failure due to crack propagation. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsFunctional Specification
Definition(s)
Functional specification
Features, characteristics, process conditions, boundaries, and exclusions that define the performance and use requirements of a managed product, including any customer specific requirements- NOTE See ISO 13879 for additional information on functional specifications.
Functional specification
Features, characteristics, process conditions, boundaries, and exclusions defining the performance of the tools.
Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global StandardsFunctional specification
Document that specifies the totality of needs expressed by features, characteristics, process conditions, boundaries and exclusions defining the performance of a product or service including quality assurance requirements. Source: API SPEC 17E, Specification for Subsea Umbilicals, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, October 2010. Global StandardsFunctional specification
Document that describes the features, characteristics, process conditions, boundaries and exclusions defining the performance and use requirements of the product, process, or service (ISO 13879). Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsFunctional specification
Document that describes the features, characteristics, process conditions, boundaries and exclusions defining the performance and use requirements of the product, process or service. Source: ISO 13880:1999, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Content and drafting of a technical specification, First Edition, October 1999. Global Standards Source: ISO 13879:1999, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Content and drafting of a functional specification, First Edition, October 1999. Global StandardsLimit Load Analysis
Definition(s)
Limit load analysis
Calculations performed to determine a lower bound to the structural failure of a component (ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 2 and Division 3). Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsLoad Cycle
Definition(s)
Load cycle
Series of loads applied to an assembly or component that generates stresses (ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 2 and Division 3). Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsPlastic Collapse
Definition(s)
Plastic collapse
Load that causes overall structural instability; the onset of gross plastic deformation. NOTE 1 Plastic collapse load is calculated with elastic-plastic material properties. NOTE 2 Plastic collapse is calculated using methods such as ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 2, Paragraph 5.2.4 or ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 3, Paragraph KD-230 using a true stress–strain material model. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsPost-yield
Definition(s)
Post-yield
Material state characterized by having experienced permanent deformation. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsPressure-containing
Definition(s)
Pressure-containing
Product or part whose failure to function as intended results in a release of retained fluid to the atmosphere.
Source: API STANDARD 18LCM, Product Life Cycle Management System Requirements for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, First Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsPressure-containing
Part whose failure to function as intended results in a release of wellbore fluid to the environment (API 6A). Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsSystem
Definition(s)
System
Assembled section of piping consisting of a representative range of pipes, fittings, connections, attachments, supports, penetrations and associated coatings, e.g. for thermal insulation or fire protection, as can be found in service. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsSystem
Combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes. A system can consist of products (tools used to achieve a specific task), equipment, services and/or people. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1512, Guideline on Software Quality Assurance and Human-Centred Design for e-navigation, 8 June 2015, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceSystem
A set of interacting or interdependent elements forming an integrated process to manage an activity. The OMS is termed a "framework". It provides a structure to organize all a company's operating systems and other sub-systems, such as procedures. The OMS Framework applies to all levels of an organisation, but each level may add additional systems and sub-systems to manage risks specific to its activities, creating a "local" or "asset" OMS. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global StandardsSystem
Any combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications integrated for a specific purpose.
Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsSystem
Combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes (ISO 15288).- EXAMPLE: Air transportation system.
System
Integrated composite of people, products, and processes that provide a capability to satisfy a stated need or objective. Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global StandardsSystem
Any combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications integrated for a specific purpose. Sample Usage: The collection of roads, tunnels, and bridges provided the country with the foundation for a useful transit system. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory GuidanceSystem
System refers to the fixed hydrocarbon gas detection system. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1370, Guidelines for the design, construction and testing of fixed hydrocarbon gas detection systems, 22 June 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceSystem
Interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole.
Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National StandardSystem
“System” means occupational health and safety management system required pursuant to these Requirements, unless the context otherwise requires. Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health & Safety Requirements, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, December 2000. RegulationsTechnical Specification
Definition(s)
Technical Specification
Document that describes product capabilities to comply with the functional specification.- NOTE: See ISO 13880 for additional information on technical specifications.
Technical Specification
Document that describes technical requirements to be fulfilled by the product, process, or service in order to comply with the functional specification (ISO 13880). Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsTechnical Specification
Document that prescribes technical requirements to be fulfilled by the product, process or service in order to comply with the functional specification- NOTE: A technical specification should indicate, whenever appropriate, the procedure(s) by means of which it might be determined whether the requirements given are fulfilled.
Technical Specification
Document that defines technical requirements to be fulfilled by the product, process or service in order to comply with the functional specification- NOTE: 1 A technical specification should indicate, whenever appropriate, the procedure(s) by means of which it may be determined whether the requirements given are fulfilled.
- NOTE: 2 A technical specification may be a standard, be included in a standard(s) or be independent of a standard.
- NOTE: 3 A technical specification expresses the technical requirements expressed by characteristics, features, properties and all information that is required to produce a product, execute a process or provide a service, including objective evidence that the product, process or service will comply with the functional requirements.
Thermal Ratcheting
Definition(s)
Thermal ratcheting
Progressive incremental inelastic deformation or strain that can occur in a component subjected to thermal cyclic loading. NOTE Thermal ratcheting causes cyclic straining of the material due to thermal loads, which can result in failure by fatigue and/or cyclic incremental deformation of a structure. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsThermal Stress
Definition(s)
Thermal stress
Self-balancing stress produced by a nonuniform distribution of temperature through the cross section of a component. NOTE Thermal stress may also be present when a constant temperature is applied to a composite of materials with differing coefficients of thermal expansion or to a material that is constrained from expanding or contracting in response to temperature changes. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsYield Strength
Definition(s)
Yield strength
Stress level, measured at room temperature, at which material plastically deforms and will not return to its original dimensions when the stress is released.- NOTE: 1 The term is expressed in Newton’s per square millimeter (pounds per square inch) of loaded area.
- NOTE: 2 All yield strength (YS) specified in this standard are considered as being the 0.2 % yield offset strength in accordance with ISO 6892 or ASTM A370.
Yield strength
Stress level, measured at room temperature, at which material plastically deforms and will not return to its original dimensions when the stress is released.- NOTE: 1 The term is expressed in newtons per square millimeter (pounds per square inch) of loaded area.
- NOTE: 2 All yield strengths specified in this standard are considered as being the 0.2 % yield offset strength in accordance with ISO 6892 or ASTM A370.
Yield strength
Material specification corresponding to measured tensile stress required to produce a total elongation of 0.5 % of test specimen gauge length. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global StandardsYield strength
Stress level, measured at room temperature, at which material plastically deforms and does not return to its original dimensions when the load is released.- NOTE: All yield strengths specified in this document are the 0,2 % offset yield strength in accordance with ISO 6892-1 or ASTM A370.
Yield strength
Stress level, measured at room temperature, at which material plastically deforms and will not return to its original dimensions when the stress is released.- NOTE: 1 It is expressed in newtons per square millimetre (pounds per square inch) of loaded area.
- NOTE: 2 All yield strengths specified in this American National Standard are considered as being the 0,2 % yield offset strength in accordance with ISO 6892.