Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Pressure-Containing Part Or Member

Pressure-containing member or part exposed to wellbore fluids whose failure to function as intended would result in a release of wellbore fluid to the environment.

• NOTE: 1 Examples include bodies, bonnets, connecting rods, and replaceable seats within a pressure-containing member or part.
• NOTE: 2 In this document, the use of the word component and member are interchangeable.

Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Pressure-Containing Part(s) Or Member(s)

Those parts exposed to wellbore fluids whose failure to function as intended would result in a release of wellbore fluid to the environment, e.g., bodies, bearing assemblies. Source: API SPEC 16RCD, Specification for Drill Through Equipment—Rotating Control Devices, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2005. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Pressure-Containing Weld

Weld whose absence or failure will reduce or compromise the pressure-containing integrity of the component. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Pressure-Containing Weld

Weld whose absence reduces the pressure-containing integrity of the part. Source: API RP 17A Addendum 1, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, December 2010. Global Standards  

Pressure-Containing Weld

Weld whose failure will reduce the pressure-containing integrity of the component. Source: API SPEC 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Third Edition, June 2004 (Errata/Supplement November 2004). Global Standards

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Pressure-Controlling

Product or part intended to control or regulate the movement of pressurized fluids.

Source: API STANDARD 18LCM, Product Life Cycle Management System Requirements for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Pressure-Controlling

The control of the movement of pressurized fluids. Source: API STD 53, Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling Wells, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, November 2012. Global Standards  

Pressure-Controlling

Part intended to control or regulate the movement of pressurized fluids (API 6A). Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards

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Pressure-controlling Bolting

Bolting used to assemble or join pressure-controlling part(s).

NOTE: Examples include bolting on ram, seat or seal retainer bolting, shear ram blade bolting.

Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards  

Pressure-controlling Bolting

Bolting used to assemble or join pressure-controlling part(s).

• NOTE: Examples: bolting on ram, hydraulic operator cylinder bolting, hydraulic cylinder piston bolting, seat or seal retainer bolting, shear ram blade bolting.

Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Pressure-Controlling Part

Part intended to control or regulate the movement of wellbore fluids.

• NOTE: Examples include packing elements, rams, and replaceable seats within a pressure-containing part.

Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards  

Pressure-Controlling Part

Parts intended to control or regulate the movement of wellbore fluids.

• NOTE: 1 Examples include packing elements, rams, and replaceable seats within a pressure-containing member or part.
• NOTE: 2 In this document, the use of the word component and member are interchangeable.

Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Pressure-Controlling Part

Part intended to control or regulate the movement of pressurized fluids. EXAMPLES Valve-bore sealing mechanisms, choke trim and hangers. Source: API SPEC 17D, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—Subsea Wellhead and Tree Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition May 2011 (Errata September 2011). Global Standards Source: API RP 17A Addendum 1, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, December 2010. Global

Definition(s)

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Pressure-Controlling Part or Pressure-Controlling Member

Part intended to control or regulate the movement of wellbore fluids. EXAMPLES Packing elements, rams, replaceable seats within a pressure-containing member or part. Source: API SPEC 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Third Edition, June 2004 (Errata/Supplement November 2004). Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Pressure-Controlling Part(s) Or Member(s)

Those parts intended to control or regulate the movement of wellbore fluids, e.g., packing elements, seats with a pressure-containing member or part(s). Source: API SPEC 16RCD, Specification for Drill Through Equipment—Rotating Control Devices, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2005. Global Standards

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Pressure-Design Code

Standard to which the equipment is designed and constructed.

• EXAMPLE ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII: Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

Pressure-Design Code

Standard to which the equipment is designed and constructed.

• EXAMPLE ASME Section VIII, Division 1 [20].

Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards

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Pressure-Down Rate (Rpd)

Rate at which pressure is reduced from the bottom-hole pressure, pBH, to the pressure at the top of cement column, pTOC, during a thickening-time test. Source: API RP 10B-2, Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements, First Edition, July 2005 (Reaffirmed: July 2010). Global Standards  

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Pressure-Piling

Increased pressure resulting from an ignition, in a compartment or subdivision of an enclosure due to a gas mixture being pre-compressed, e.g. due to a primary ignition in another compartment or subdivision. Source: IEC 60079-14:2013, Explosive atmospheres – Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection, Edition 5.0, November 2013. Global Standards

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Pressure-Relief Valve

A flow-control device installed as part of the circulating system able to open and shut in response to operating conditions in order to maintain preset limits for pressure applied to parts of the circulating system to prevent over pressurization.

Source: ABS Guide for Classification and Certification of Managed Pressure Drilling Systems, September 2017. Global Standards

Pressure-Relief Valve

Valve designed to open and relieve excess pressure and to reclose and prevent the further flow of fluid after normal conditions have been restored.

• NOTE: Other terms used for pressure-relief valve (PRV) include pressure safety valve (PSV), relief valve, safety valve, and safety relief valve.

Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards  

Pressure Relief Valve (PRV)

A valve that opens automatically to relieve the line pressure that is above the safe operating limit. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards

Pressure-Relief Valve

Valve designed to open and relieve excess pressure and to reclose and prevent the further flow of fluid after normal conditions have been restored.

• NOTE: In ISO 4126-1, this is termed a safety valve.

Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards

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Pressure-retaining Bolting

Bolting used to assemble or join pressure-retaining parts whose failure would result in a release of wellbore fluid to the environment.

• NOTE: Examples are studs and nuts on top of a hydraulic connector, and clamp bolts.

Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Pressure-retaining Part

Part not exposed to wellbore fluids whose failure to function as intended will result in a release of wellbore fluid to the environment.

• NOTE: An example is a clamp.

Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Pressure-Retaining Part or Pressure-Retaining Member

Part not exposed to wellbore fluids whose failure to function as intended will result in a release of wellbore fluid to the environment. EXAMPLES Closure bolts and clamps. Source: API SPEC 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Third Edition, June 2004 (Errata/Supplement November 2004). Global Standards

Definition(s)

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Pressure-Retaining Part Or Member

Part not exposed to wellbore fluids whose failure to function as intended will result in a release of wellbore fluid to the environment.

• NOTE: Examples include closure bolts and clamps.

Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Pressure-Retaining Part(s) Or Member(s)

Those parts not exposed to wellbore fluids whose failure to function as intended would result in a release of wellbore fluid to the environment, e.g., closure bolts and RCD housing clamps. Source: API SPEC 16RCD, Specification for Drill Through Equipment—Rotating Control Devices, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2005. Global Standards

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Pressure-Up Rate (Rpu)

Rate at which pressure is increased from the starting pressure to the bottom-hole pressure during a thickeningtime test. Source: API RP 10B-2, Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements, First Edition, July 2005 (Reaffirmed: July 2010). Global Standards  

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Pressured Formation

A pressured formation is any producing, injection, disposal, permeable hydrocarbon bearing, or permeable salt water bearing formation penetrated by the well which has sufficient pressure to initiate and sustain significant fluid migration into a fresh water aquifer or to the surface. Source: API BULLETIN E3, Environmental Guidance Document: Well Abandonment and Inactive Well Practices for U.S. Exploration and Production Operations, First Edition, January 1993 (Reaffirmed June 2000). Global Standards  

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Pressurizable Mud Returns

See Closed Returns System. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards

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Pressurization

The technique of guarding against the ingress of the external atmosphere into an enclosure by maintaining a protective gas therein at a pressure above that of the external atmosphere. This type of protection is referred to as "p." Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards  

Pressurization, Type X

A method of reducing the classification within an enclosure from Division 1/Zone 1 to nonhazardous (unclassified). Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards  

Pressurization, Type Y

A method of reducing the classification within an enclosure from Division 1/Zone 1 to Division 2/Zone 2. Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards  

Pressurization, Type Z

A method of reducing the classification within an enclosure from Division 2/Zone 2 to nonhazardous (unclassified). Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards

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Pressurization “p”

Technique of guarding against the ingress of the external atmosphere into an enclosure by maintaining a protective gas therein at a pressure above that of the external atmosphere. Source: IEC 60079-14:2013, Explosive atmospheres – Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection, Edition 5.0, November 2013. Global Standards

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Pressurization, Type X

A method of reducing the classification within an enclosure from Division 1/Zone 1 to nonhazardous (unclassified). Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

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Pressurization, Type Y

A method of reducing the classification within an enclosure from Division 1/Zone 1 to Division 2/Zone 2.

Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

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Pressurization, Type Z

A method of reducing the classification within an enclosure from Division 2/Zone 2 to nonhazardous (unclassified). Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

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Pressurized Curing Vessel

Vessel used for curing a sample of cement under temperature and pressure for compressive strength testing. Source: API RP 10B-2, Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements, First Edition, July 2005 (Reaffirmed: July 2010). Global Standards  

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Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling

A drilling technique used to drill without returns while balancing a full annular fluid column by using a Light Annular Mud (LAM) cap maintained above an open-hole formation that is taking all injected (sacrificial) fluid and drilled cuttings assisted by surface pressure. The LAM density is chosen based on ability to make LAM and the desired surface pressure that can be maintained and observed. Periodically injecting more of the same fluid into the annulus provides a means to control the surface back-pressure within the operating limits of the RCD and/or riser system.

Source: ABS Guide for Classification and Certification of Managed Pressure Drilling Systems, September 2017. Global Standards

Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling

Variation of MPD, drilling with no returns to surface where an annulus fluid column, assisted by surface pressure, is maintained above a formation that is capable of accepting fluid and cuttings. A sacrificial fluid with cuttings is accepted by the loss circulation zone. Useful for cases of severe loss circulation that preclude the use of conventional wellbore construction techniques. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards

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Pressurized Surge Tank

Also called an accumulator; prevents the transfer of pressure waves to other parts of the line or vessel system. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards

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Prevention

The action that is taken to reduce the probability of an event in order to reduce the overall risk that the event poses to the platform. Source: API RP 2FB, Recommended Practice for the Design of Offshore Facilities Against Fire and Blast Loading, First Edition, April 2006. Global Standards

Prevention, of Hazards

To establish measures that eliminate/reduce the probability of occurrence of undesired events.

Source: API  Bulletin 97, Well Construction Interface Document Guidelines, First Edition, December 2013. Global Standards

Prevention, of Hazards

Reduction of the likelihood of a hazardous event. Source: ISO 15544:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Requirements and guidelines for emergency. Global Standards

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Preventive Maintenance

Planned action to minimize the likelihood of equipment failure and unscheduled interruptions. Source: API SPEC Q1, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Ninth Edition, June 2013 (Errata 2, March 2014). Global Standards

Preventive Maintenance

Maintenance carried out at predetermined intervals or according to prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the probability of failure or the degradation of the functioning of an item. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards Source: ISO 20815:2008, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Production assurance and reliability management. Global Standards  

Preventive Maintenance

Planned action to minimize the likelihood of causes of equipment failure and unscheduled interruptions to planned events. Source: API Spec Q2, Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Service,  Supply Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Upstream Segment, First Edition, December 2011. Global Standards  

Preventive Maintenance

maintenance carried out at predetermined intervals or according to prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the probability of failure or the degradation of the functioning of an item [SOURCE: ISO 14224] Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards

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Primary Barrier

Phrase used to describe the first well barrier that prevents flow from a source.

Source: ABS Guide for Classification and Certification of Managed Pressure Drilling Systems, September 2017. Global Standards

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Primary containment

A tank, vessel, pipe, truck, rail car, or other equipment designed to keep a material within it, typically for purposes of storage, separation, processing or transfer of gases or liquids. The terms vessel and pipe are taken to include containment of reservoir fluids within the casing and wellhead valving to the surface. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global Standards  

Primary containment

A tank, vessel, pipe, truck, rail car, or other equipment designed to keep a material within it, typically for purposes of storage, separation, processing or transfer of gases or liquids. The terms vessel and pipe are taken to include containment of reservoir fluids within the casing and wellhead valving to the surface. Note that primary containment for a specified material may comprise a vessel or pipe that is inside another vessel that is also designed as primary containment for a different material; for example, a heating tube is primary containment for fuel gas or fuel oil, even though the tubes may be inside a firebox which is in turn within an oil-water separator. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global Standards