Ground Flare

Ground Flare

Definition(s)


Ground Flare

Non-elevated flare.
  • NOTE: A ground flare is normally an enclosed flare but can also be a ground multi-burner flare or a burn-pit.
Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards
Flashback

Flashback

Definition(s)


Flashback

Phenomenon occurring in a flammable mixture of air and gas when the local velocity of the mixture becomes less than the flame velocity, causing the flame to travel back through the mixture.

Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standard

Flashback

Phenomenon occurring in a flammable mixture of air and gas when the local velocity of the combustible mixture becomes less than the flame velocity, causing the flame to travel back to the point of mixture. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Flare Header

Flare Header

Definition(s)


Flare Header

Piping system that collects and delivers the relief gases to the flare. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Flare Burner or Flare Tip

Flare Burner or Flare Tip

Definition(s)


Flare Burner or Flare Tip

Part of the flare where fuel and air are mixed at the velocities, turbulence and concentration required to establish and maintain proper ignition and stable combustion. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Flare

Flare

Definition(s)


Flare

Device or system used to safely dispose of relief gases in an environmentally compliant manner through the use of combustion. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards  

Flare

The stack, pit, or device, or location where waste or excess flammable gases and vapors are burned in the atmosphere. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. Regulations 
Flame-Retention Device

Flame-Retention Device

Definition(s)


Flame-Retention Device

Device used to prevent flame lift-off from a flare burner.

Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

Flame-Retention Device

Device used to prevent flame blow off from a flare burner. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Enclosed Flare

Enclosed Flare

Definition(s)


Enclosed Flare

Enclosure with one or more burners arranged in such a manner that the flame is not directly visible. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Enrichment

Enrichment

Definition(s)


Enrichment

Process of adding assist gas to the relief gas. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Elevated Flare

Elevated Flare

Definition(s)


Elevated Flare

Flare where the burner is raised high above ground level to reduce radiation intensity and to aid in dispersion. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Dispersion

Dispersion

Definition(s)


Dispersion

Dilution of a vent stream or products of combustion as the fluids move through the atmosphere. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Detonation

Detonation

Definition(s)


Detonation

Explosion in which the flame front is advancing at or above the speed of sound in the unburned combustible mixture.
  • NOTE: See deflagration (3.1.23).
Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

Detonation

Explosion in which the flame-front of a combustible medium is advancing at or above the speed of sound. cf. deflagration (3.22). Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Destruction Efficiency

Destruction Efficiency

Definition(s)


Destruction Efficiency

Mass percent of the original combustible vapor that is no longer present in the combustion products.

Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

Destruction Efficiency

Mass fraction of the fluid vapour that can be oxidized or partially oxidized. NOTE For a hydrocarbon, this is the mass fraction of carbon in the fluid vapour that oxidizes to CO or CO2. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Design Pressure

Design Pressure

Definition(s)


Design Pressure

Purchaser nominated maximum pressure to which a piping system is designed to operate at the nominated design temperature (Tdes) and for the nominated design life (Ldes).
  • Note: 1 to entry: Pdes is typically considered as a sustained pressure, though an additional Pdes occasional can also be nominated. Pdeswill be selected based on the maximum operating pressure plus a purchaser selected uplift.
  1. to accommodate pressure uncertainty,
  2. to avoid triggering of pressure safety devices,
  3. to match the rating of attached piping or equipment and d) to provide a design margin for other purposes.
Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards  

Design Pressure

For each design condition, maximum fluid temperature that can be reached during service. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards  

Design Pressure (of a piping component)

The pressure at the most severe condition of coincident internal or external pressure and temperature (minimum or maximum) expected during service. It is the same as the design pressure defined in ASME B31.3 and other code sections and is subject to the same rules relating to allowances for variations of pressure or temperature or both.

Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards

Design Pressure

Pressure, together with the design temperature, used to determine the minimum permissible thickness or physical characteristic of each component, as determined by the design rules of the pressure design code.
  • NOTE: The design pressure is selected by the user to provide a suitable margin above the most severe pressure expected during normal operation at a coincident temperature, and it is the pressure typically specified on the purchase order. The design pressure is equal to or less than the MAWP (the design pressure can be used as the MAWP in cases where the MAWP has not been established).
Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

Design Pressure

Maximum sustained difference between internal pressure and external pressure during normal operations, referred to a specified elevation. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards

Design Pressure

Maximum difference between internal pressure and external pressure that is unlikely to be exceeded during the life of the riser, referred to a specified reference height.
  • NOTE: Design pressure is often named maximum allowable pressure or rated working pressure or maximum allowable.
    • EXAMPLE: Design pressure is the maximum pressure considering shut-in pressure at the wellhead (seabed) or at the top of the riser with subsea valves open, maximum well fracturing pressure, maximum well injection pressure, maximum surge pressure or maximum well kill pressure.
Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards  

Design Pressure

Maximum pressure for which the system or component was designed for continuous usage. Source: API SPEC 17F, Specification for Subsea Production Control Systems, Second Edition, December 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards  

Design Pressure

Maximum pressure ratings for a pipe or vessel based on its specified minimum yield strength (SMYS), diameter and wall thickness, operation zone, and weld joint type.. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards  

Design Pressure

Minimum or maximum pressure, inclusive of operating pressure, surge pressure including shut-in pressure where applicable, vacuum conditions and static pressure head. Source: API SPEC 17J, Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe, Third Edition, July 2008. Global Standards  

Design Pressure

Pressure, together with the design temperature, used to determine the minimum permissible thickness or physical characteristic of each component, as determined by the design rules of the pressure-design code. NOTE The design pressure is selected by the user to provide a suitable margin above the most severe pressure expected during normal operation at a coincident temperature, and it is the pressure specified on the purchase order. The design pressure is equal to or less than the MAWP (the design pressure can be used as the MAWP in cases where the MAWP has not been established). Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards  

Design Pressure

Design pressure means the hydrostatic pressure for which each structure or appliance assumed watertight in the intact and damage stability calculations is designed to withstand. . <Chapter II-1, regulation 2>. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.216(82), amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended, 8 December 2006, International Maritime Organization. Legislation
Deflagration

Deflagration

Definition(s)


Deflagration

Explosion in which the flame front is advancing at less than the speed of sound in the unburned combustible mixture.
  • NOTE See detonation (3.1.26).
Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

Deflagration

Explosion in which the flame-front of a combustible medium is advancing at less than the speed of sound. cf. detonation (3.25). Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Corrected Hydrotest Pressure

Corrected Hydrotest Pressure

Definition(s)


Corrected Hydrotest Pressure

Hydrostatic test pressure multiplied by the ratio of stress value at upset temperature to the stress value at test temperature.
  • NOTE :1 See 4.2.2 and C.7.
  • NOTE : 2 In this definition, the hydrostatic test pressure is that specified by the pressure design code, whether or not the equipment has actually been hydrostatically tested.
Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

Corrected Hydrotest Pressure

Hydrostatic test pressure multiplied by the ratio of stress value at design temperature to the stress value at test temperature. NOTE See 4.3.2. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Conventional Pressure-Relief Valve

Conventional Pressure-Relief Valve

Definition(s)


Conventional Pressure-Relief Valve

Spring-loaded pressure-relief valve whose operational characteristics (set pressure, closing pressure, and relieving capacity) are directly affected by changes in the backpressure.

Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

Conventional Pressure-Relief Valve

Air required to combust the flare gases. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Combustion Air

Combustion Air

Definition(s)


Combustion Air

Air provided to burn the combustible gases.

Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

Combustion Air

Air required to combust the flare gases. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Cold Differential Test Pressure (CDTP)

Cold Differential Test Pressure (CDTP)

Definition(s)


Cold Differential Test Pressure (CDTP)

Pressure at which a pressure-relief valve is adjusted to open on the test stand. NOTE The cold differential test pressure includes corrections for the service conditions of back pressure or temperature or both. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards   

Cold Differential Test Pressure

Inlet static pressure at which a pressure-relief valve is adjusted to open on the test stand.

NOTE: The CDTP includes corrections for the service conditions of backpressure or temperature or both.

Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards
Closed Disposal System

Closed Disposal System

Definition(s)


Closed Disposal System

Disposal system capable of containing pressures that are different from atmospheric pressure. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Burst Pressure

Burst Pressure

Definition(s)


Burst Pressure

Value of the upstream static pressure minus the value of the downstream static pressure just before a rupture disk bursts.
  • NOTE: If the downstream pressure is atmospheric, the burst pressure is the upstream static gauge pressure.
Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Burn-Pit Flare

Burn-Pit Flare

Definition(s)


Burn-Pit Flare

Open excavation, normally equipped with a horizontal flare burner that can handle liquid as well as vapour hydrocarbons. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Test Area

Test Area

Definition(s)


Test Area

Area on OCTG that has been ground or filed smooth and flat to remove the decarburized surface material, on which a hardness test is performed. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards
Test

Test

Definition(s)


Test

Two or more valid hardness test readings that have been made in the same test area. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  

Test

specific operation of lifting equipment, with or without a defined load, in order to determine whether the lifting equipment is suitable for use Source: Rules for Classification and Construction, IV Industrial Services, 6 Offshore Technology, 9 Guideline for Personnel Transfers by Means of Lifting Appliances, Edition 2011, Germanischer Lloyd SE, Global Standards
Tally

Tally

Definition(s)


Tally (Verb)

Add up lengths of OCTG to arrive at an aggregate. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards
Burning Velocity or Flame Velocity

Burning Velocity or Flame Velocity

Definition(s)


Burning Velocity or Flame Velocity

Speed at which a flame front travels into an unburned combustible mixture. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Straightness

Straightness

Definition(s)


Straightness

Degree to which the longitudinal axis of a length of OCTG is parallel to a straight line. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards
Standardization Check

Standardization Check

Definition(s)


Standardization Check

Check of the standardization adjustments to ensure that they remain correct. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards
Standardization

Standardization

Definition(s)


Standardization

The adjustment of an NDT instrument using an appropriate reference standard, to obtain or establish a known and reproducible response. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  

Standardization

Adjustment of instruments prior to use to an arbitrary reference value. Source: API RP 7G-2, Recommended Practice for Inspection and Classification of Used Drill Stem Elements, First Edition, August 2009. Global Standards  

Standardization

Activity for the establishment of rules and characteristics for the purposes of their voluntary and repeated utilisation aimed to ensure orderliness in the spheres of manufacture and circulation of products and to raise the level of competitiveness of products, works or services. Source: Federal Law on Technical Regulation, No. 184-FZ, Russian Federation, December 2002 (amended September 2010). Regulations
Burnback

Burnback

Definition(s)


Burnback

Internal burning within the flare tip. NOTE Burnback can result from air backing down the flare burner at purge or low flaring rates. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global Standards 
Source

Source

Definition(s)


Source

Origin of radiation, which is an x-ray tube or radioisotope. Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global Standards  

Source

Flow into a system Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards  

Source

Reason for the presence of a cause or defeating factor, or for the presence of the hazard itself. Sources can be operations (e.g., running casing), necessary equipment (e.g., pressure vessel, energized electrical panel, etc.), necessary materials (e.g. hazardous chemicals), etc. Other Related Terms and Definitions: ISO Guide 73 – Item or activity having a potential for a consequence (in the context of safety, source is a hazard). Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines