Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Encryption
Definition(s)
Encryption
The process of transforming plaintext into ciphertext. Extended Definition: Converting data into a form that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized people. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009, ICAM SAML 2.0 WB SSO Profile 1.0.2 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsEncryption
Cryptographic transformation of plaintext into ciphertext that conceals the data’s original meaning to prevent it from being known or used (See “decryption”) [11].- NOTE: If the transformation is reversible, the corresponding reversal process is called "decryption," which is a transformation that restores encrypted data to its original state.
Encrypt
Definition(s)
Encrypt
The process of transforming plaintext into ciphertext. Extended Definition: Converting data into a form that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized people. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009, ICAM SAML 2.0 WB SSO Profile 1.0.2 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsEncrypt
To convert plaintext to ciphertext by means of a cryptographic system. From: CNSSI 4009 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsEncrypt
To convert plaintext to ciphertext by means of a code. Synonym(s): From: CNSSI 4009 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsEncrypt
The generic term encompassing encipher and encode. From: CNSSI 4009 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsEncode
Definition(s)
Encode
The process of transforming plaintext into ciphertext. Extended Definition: Converting data into a form that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized people. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009, ICAM SAML 2.0 WB SSO Profile 1.0.2. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsEncode
To convert plaintext to ciphertext by means of a cryptographic system. From: CNSSI 4009 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsEncode
To convert plaintext to ciphertext by means of a code. Synonym(s): From: CNSSI 4009 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsEncode
The generic term encompassing encipher and encode. From: CNSSI 4009 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsEncipher
Definition(s)
Encipher
To convert plaintext to ciphertext by means of a cryptographic system. From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsEncipher
To convert plaintext to ciphertext by means of a code. Synonym(s): From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsEncipher
The generic term encompassing encipher and encode. From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsEncipher
The process of transforming plaintext into ciphertext. Extended Definition: Converting data into a form that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized people. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009, ICAM SAML 2.0 WB SSO Profile 1.0.2 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsElectronic Signature
Definition(s)
Electronic Signature
Any mark in electronic form associated with an electronic document, applied with the intent to sign the document. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsEducation and Training
Definition(s)
Education and Training
In the NICE Workforce Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Conducts training of personnel within pertinent subject domain; develop, plan, coordinate, deliver, and/or evaluate training courses, methods, and techniques as appropriate. From: NICE Workforce Framework. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDynamic Attack Surface
Definition(s)
Dynamic Attack Surface
The automated, on-the-fly changes of an information system's characteristics to thwart actions of an adversary. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDistributed Denial of Service
Definition(s)
Distributed Denial of Service
A denial of service technique that uses numerous systems to perform the attack simultaneously. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDisruption
Definition(s)
Disruption
An event which causes unplanned interruption in operations or functions for an unacceptable length of time. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDigital Signature
Definition(s)
Digital Signature
A value computed with a cryptographic process using a private key and then appended to a data object, thereby digitally signing the data. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009, IETF RFC 2828, ICAM SAML 2.0 WB SSO Profile 1.0.2, InCommon Glossary, NIST SP 800-63 Rev 1. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDigital Signature
Result of a cryptographic transformation of data which, when properly implemented, provides the services of origin authentication, data integrity, and signer non-repudiation [12]. Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National StandardDigital Rights Management
Definition(s)
Digital Rights Management
A form of access control technology to protect and manage use of digital content or devices in accordance with the content or device provider's intentions. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDigital Forensics
Definition(s)
Digital Forensics
The processes and specialized techniques for gathering, retaining, and analyzing system-related data (digital evidence) for investigative purposes. Extended Definition: In the NICE Workforce Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Collects, processes, preserves, analyzes, and presents computer-related evidence in support of network vulnerability, mitigation, and/or criminal, fraud, counterintelligence or law enforcement investigations. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009; From: NICE Workforce Framework. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDesigned-in Security
Definition(s)
Designed-in Security
A set of principles, practices, and tools to design, develop, and evolve information systems and software that enhance resistance to vulnerabilities, flaws, and attacks. Adapted from: Trustworthy Cyberspace: Strategic Plan for the Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Program (2011), US-CERT's Build Security In website. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDenial of Service
Definition(s)
Denial of Service
An attack that prevents or impairs the authorized use of information system resources or services. Adapted from: NCSD Glossary. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDenial of Service
Prevention or interruption of authorized access to a system resource or the delaying of system operations and functions [11].- NOTE: In the context of industrial automation and control systems, denial of service can refer to loss of process function, not just loss of data communications.
Decrypt
Definition(s)
Decrypt
To convert enciphered text to plain text by means of a cryptographic system. From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDecrypt
To convert encoded text to plain text by means of a code. From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDecrypt
A generic term encompassing decode and decipher. Synonym(s): From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDecrypt
The process of transforming ciphertext into its original plaintext. Extended Definition: The process of converting encrypted data back into its original form, so it can be understood. Adapted from: ICAM SAML 2.0 WB SSO Profile 1.0.2 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDecode
Definition(s)
Decode
To convert enciphered text to plain text by means of a cryptographic system. From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDecode
To convert encoded text to plain text by means of a code. From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDecode
A generic term encompassing decode and decipher. Synonym(s): From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDecode
The process of transforming ciphertext into its original plaintext. Extended Definition: The process of converting encrypted data back into its original form, so it can be understood. Adapted from: ICAM SAML 2.0 WB SSO Profile 1.0.2 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDecipher
Definition(s)
Decipher
To convert enciphered text to plain text by means of a cryptographic system. From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDecipher
To convert encoded text to plain text by means of a code. From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDecipher
A generic term encompassing decode and decipher. Synonym(s): From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsDecipher
The process of transforming ciphertext into its original plaintext. Extended Definition: The process of converting encrypted data back into its original form, so it can be understood. Adapted from: ICAM SAML 2.0 WB SSO Profile 1.0.2 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsData Theft
Definition(s)
Data Theft
The deliberate or intentional act of stealing of information. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsData Spill
Definition(s)
Data Spill
The unauthorized movement or disclosure of sensitive information to a party, usually outside the organization, that is not authorized to have or see the information. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsData Mining
Definition(s)
Data Mining
The process or techniques used to analyze large sets of existing information to discover previously unrevealed patterns or correlations. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsData Loss Prevention
Definition(s)
Data Loss Prevention
A set of procedures and mechanisms to stop sensitive data from leaving a security boundary. Adapted from: Liu, S., & Kuhn, R. (2010, March/April). Data loss prevention. IEEE IT Professional, 11(2), pp. 10-13. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsData Loss
Definition(s)
Data Loss
The result of unintentionally or accidentally deleting data, forgetting where it is stored, or exposure to an unauthorized party. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsData Leakage
Definition(s)
Data Leakage
The unauthorized movement or disclosure of sensitive information to a party, usually outside the organization, that is not authorized to have or see the information. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsData Integrity
Definition(s)
Data Integrity
The property that data is complete, intact, and trusted and has not been modified or destroyed in an unauthorized or accidental manner. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009, NIST SP 800-27. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsData Integrity
Property that data has not been changed, destroyed, or lost in an unauthorized or accidental manner [11].- NOTE: This term deals with constancy of and confidence in data values, not with the information that the values represent or the trustworthiness of the source of the values.
Data Breach
Definition(s)
Data Breach
The unauthorized movement or disclosure of sensitive information to a party, usually outside the organization, that is not authorized to have or see the information. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsData Aggregation
Definition(s)
Data Aggregation
The process of gathering and combining data from different sources, so that the combined data reveals new information. Extended Definition: The new information is more sensitive than the individual data elements themselves and the person who aggregates the data was not granted access to the totality of the information. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsData Administration
Definition(s)
Data Administration
In the NICE Workforce Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Develops and administers databases and/or data management systems that allow for the storage, query, and utilization of data. From: NICE Workforce Framework Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsCyberspace
Definition(s)
Cyberspace
The interdependent network of information technology infrastructures, that includes the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers. Adapted from: NSPD 54/HSPD -23, CNSSI 4009, NIST SP 800-53 Rev 4. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsCybersecurity
Definition(s)
Cyber Security
The process of protecting information by preventing, detecting, and responding to attacks.
Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global StandardsCybersecurity
Preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information in the Cyberspace.- NOTE 1 In addition, other properties, such as authenticity, accountability, non-repudiation, and reliability can also be involved.
- NOTE 2 Adapted from the definition for information security in ISO/IEC 27000:2009.