Greenhouse Gas Storage Ministerial Council

Greenhouse Gas Storage Ministerial Council

Definition(s)


Greenhouse Gas Storage Ministerial Council

Greenhouse Gas Storage Ministerial Council means:
  1. if there is a Ministerial Council that deals with matters relating to:
    1. the injection of greenhouse gas substances into parts of geological formations; and
    2. the permanent storage of greenhouse gas substances in parts of geological formations; that Ministerial Council; or
  2. in any other case—the body known as the Standing Council on Energy and Resources.
Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation
Greenhouse Gas Safety Zone

Greenhouse Gas Safety Zone

Definition(s)


Greenhouse gas safety zone

Greenhouse gas safety zone means an area that is a safety zone for the purposes of section 617. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation
Greenhouse Gas Operations

Greenhouse Gas Operations

Definition(s)


Greenhouse gas operations

Greenhouse gas operations means:
  1. operations relating to exploration for a potential greenhouse gas formation or a potential greenhouse gas injection site; or
  2. operations relating to the injection of a greenhouse gas substance into the seabed or subsoil; or
  3. operations relating to the storage of a greenhouse gas substance in the seabed or subsoil; or
  4. operations relating to the processing, compression or pre-injection storage of a greenhouse gas substance; or
  5. operations relating to the preparation of a greenhouse gas substance for transport.
Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation
Greenhouse Gas Matter

Greenhouse Gas Matter

Definition(s)


Greenhouse gas matter

In this section, greenhouse gas matter means:
  1. exploring for a potential greenhouse gas storage formation; or
  2. exploring for a potential greenhouse gas injection site; or
  3. the injection of a greenhouse gas substance into the seabed or subsoil of an offshore area; or
  4. the storage of a greenhouse gas substance in the seabed or subsoil of an offshore area.
Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation
Government Vessel

Government Vessel

Definition(s)


Government vessel

Government vessel means:
  1. a vessel that is beneficially owned by a government body; or
  2. a vessel the whole possession and control of which is for the time being vested in a government body.
Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation
Government Body

Government Body

Definition(s)


Government body

Government body means:
  1. the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory; or
  2. a body corporate established for a public purpose by or under a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory, other than:
    1. the Western Australian Coastal Shipping Commission;or
    2. the Transport Commission established under the Transport Act 1981 of Tasmania; or
    3. a body corporate that is declared by regulations made under the Shipping Registration Act 1981 not to be a Government authority for the purposes of that Act.
    Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation
Foreign-flag Vessel

Foreign-flag Vessel

Definition(s)


Foreign-flag vessel

Foreign-flag vessel means a vessel that:
  1. under the law of a foreign country, is entitled to fly the flag of that country; and
  2. is flying that flag.
Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation
Foreign Affairs Minister

Foreign Affairs Minister

Definition(s)


Foreign Affairs minister

Foreign Affairs Minister means the Minister administering the Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities Act 1967. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation
Acceptable Standard

Acceptable Standard

Definition(s)

Acceptable Standard

“Acceptable standard” means an applicable standard that is acceptable to the Minister (norme acceptable). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Diving Regulations, SOR/88-600, February 2013. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Area Petroleum Diving Regulations, SOR/95-189, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. Regulations
Top Event

Top Event

Definition(s)


Top Event

The release of a hazard is the first undesired event. This event is called the Top Event (the first Hazardous Event.) The Top Event is at the end of the fault tree and at the beginning of an event tree. Other Related Terms and Definitions: ISO-17776 – Particular hazardous event considered in the development of fault and event trees. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

Top Event

Particular hazardous event considered in the development of fault and event trees. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards
Tolerable Risk

Tolerable Risk

Definition(s)


Tolerable Risk

Risk which is accepted in a given context based on the current values of society. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards Source: ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards, Global Standards
Screening Criterion

Screening Criterion

Definition(s)


Screening Criterion

Target or standard used to judge the tolerability of an identified hazard or effect. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards
Risk Evaluation

Risk Evaluation

Definition(s)


Risk Evaluation

Process of comparing the estimated risk against given risk criteria to determine the significance of the risk. Other Related Terms and Definitions: ISO Guide 73 – Process of comparing the estimated risk against given risk criteria to determine the significance of the risk. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

Risk Evaluation

Process of comparing the results of risk analysis with risk criteria to determine whether the risk and/or its magnitude is acceptable or tolerable [SOURCE: ISO Guide 73:2009]
  • Note 1 to entry: Risk evaluation assists in the decision about risk treatment.
Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global Standards  

Risk Evaluation

Judgement, on the basis of risk analysis, of whether a risk is tolerable. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards  

Risk Evaluation

Process of comparing the results of risk analysis (3.6.1) with risk criteria (3.3.1.3) to determine whether the risk (1.1) and/or its magnitude is acceptable or tolerable. NOTE Risk evaluation assists in the decision about risk treatment (3.8.1). Source: ISO Guide 73:2009(E/F), Risk Management – Vocabulary, First Edition, 2009. Global Standards  

Risk Evaluation

Procedure based on the risk analysis to determine whether the tolerable risk has been achieved. Source: ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards, Global Standards  

Risk Evaluation

“Risk evaluation” means the process by which risks are examined in terms of acceptability of the risk considering
  1. regulatory requirements,
  2. needs, issues, and concerns of those affected by, or potentially affected, by the risk, and
  3. what is reasonably practicable under the given circumstances.
Source:  Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health & Safety Requirements, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, December 2000. Regulations
Risk Analysis

Risk Analysis

Definition(s)


Risk Analysis

The systematic examination of the components and characteristics of risk. Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global Standards  

Risk Analysis

The systematic examination of the components and characteristics of risk. Related Term(s): risk assessment, risk From: DHS Risk Lexicon. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards

Risk Analysis

Systematic examination of the components and characteristics of risk.

Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

Risk Analysis

Systematic examination of the components and characteristics of risk. Sample Usage: Using risk analysis, the community identified the potential consequences from flooding. Annotation: In practice, risk analysis is generally conducted to produce a risk assessment. Risk analysis can also involve aggregation of the results of risk assessments to produce a valuation of risks for the purpose of informing decisions. In addition, risk analysis can be done on proposed alternative risk management strategies to determine the likely impact of the strategies on the overall risk. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory Guidance  

Risk Analysis

Systematic uses of information to identify hazards and to estimate risk. Other Related Terms and Definitions: ISO Guide 73 – Systematic uses of information to identify source and to estimate risk ISO-17776 – Use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate risk. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

Risk Analysis

Process to comprehend the nature of risk (1.1) and to determine the level of risk (3.6.1.8). NOTE 1 Risk analysis provides the basis for risk evaluation (3.7.1) and decisions about risk treatment (3.8.1). NOTE 2 Risk analysis includes risk estimation. Source: ISO Guide 73:2009(E/F), Risk Management – Vocabulary, First Edition, 2009. Global Standards  

Risk Analysis

Use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate risk. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards  

Risk Analysis

“Risk analysis” means the systematic use of information to identify hazards and to estimate the chance for, and severity of the hazard with respect to worker health and safety. Source:  Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health & Safety Requirements, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, December 2000. Regulations  

Risk Analysis

Systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk. Source: ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards, Global Standards
Accident

Accident

Definition(s)


Accident

“Accident” means a fortuitous event that results in the death of or injury to any person involved in a diving operation (accident). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Diving Regulations, SOR/88-600, February 2013. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Area Petroleum Diving Regulations, SOR/95-189, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. Regulations  

Accident

Accident includes the contraction of a disease. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation  

Accident

Accident means an event that. (a) causes any person to be harmed; or (b) in different circumstances, might have caused any person to be harmed. Source: Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Public Act 1992 No 96, New Zealand, as of 1 July 2011. Legislation  

Accident

“Accident” means an incident that results in a hazard causing harm to a worker. Source:  Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health & Safety Requirements, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, December 2000. Regulations  

Accident

Event or chain of events which cause, or could have caused, injury, illness and/or damage (loss) to assets, the environment or third parties. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. GlobalStandards  

Accident

See Incident. As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) To reduce a risk to a level which is ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ involves balancing reduction in risk against the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of achieving it. This level represents the point, objectively assessed, at which the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained. Source: OGP Report No. 6.36/210, Guidelines for the Development and Application of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, July 1994. Global Standards  

Accident

An event that causes any person to be harmed, or in different circumstances might have caused any person to be harmed. Source: Approved Code of Practice for Managing Hazards to Prevent Major Industrial Accidents, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Department of Labour, New Zealand, July 1994. Regulatory Guidance
Incident

Incident

Definition(s)


Incident

Occurrence, caused by either human action or natural phenomena, which may cause harm and may require action.

Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global Standards

Incident

“Incident” means a fortuitous event that compromises or is likely to compromise the safety of, or endangers or is likely to endanger the health, well-being or life of, a person involved in a diving operation (incident). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Diving Regulations, SOR/88-600, February 2013. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Area Petroleum Diving Regulations, SOR/95-189, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. Regulations  

Incident

“Incident” means
  1.  any event that causes
    1. a lost or restricted workday injury,
    2. death,
    3. fire or explosion,
    4. a loss of containment of any fluid from a well,
    5. an imminent threat to the safety of a person, installation or support craft, or
    6. pollution;
  2. any event that results in a missing person; or
  3. any event that causes
    1. the impairment of any structure, facility, equipment or system critical to the safety of persons, an installation or support craft, or
    2. the impairment of any structure, facility, equipment or system critical to environmental protection. (incident).
Source: Canada Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Regulations, SOR/2009-315, February 2013. Regulations Source: Drilling and Production Guidelines, The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, March 31, 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Drilling and Production Regulations, SOR/2009-317, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. Regulations  

Incident

Occurrence, caused by either human action or natural phenomena, that may cause harm and that may require action. Sample Usage: DHS plays a role in reducing the risk of a catastrophic incident in the United States. Annotation:
  1. Homeland security incidents can include major disasters, emergencies, terrorist attacks, terrorist threats, wildland and urban fires, floods, hazardous materials spills, nuclear accidents, aircraft accidents, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, tropical storms, war-related disasters, public health and medical emergencies, law enforcement encounters and other occurrences requiring a mitigating response.
  2. Harm can include human casualties, destruction of property, adverse economic impact, and/or damage to natural resources.
Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory Guidance  

Incident

Any event that caused or, under slightly different circumstances, would likely have caused harm to personnel, an unauthorized discharge or spill or an imminent threat to the safety of an installation, vessel or aircraft. It also includes any event that impairs the function of any equipment or system critical to the safety of personnel, the installation, vessel or aircraft or any event that impairs the function of equipment or system critical to the protection of the natural environment. Note: 10 OSH (NL) 15; OSH (NS) Element 1, Part 1, Section 1.1; INST 70; DPR 1(1) definition of ”incident” and “near-miss”; GR 27 & 28; DVR 6. Source: Incident Reporting and Investigation Guidelines, The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, November 30, 2012. Regulatory Guidance  

Incident

Event, or chain of events, which cause, or could have caused, injury, illness and/or damage (loss) to assets, the environment or third parties. Other Related Terms and Definitions: ISO-17776 – Event, or chain of events, which cause, or could have caused, injury, illness and/or damage (loss) to assets, the environment or third parties. IADC HSE Case Guidelines Issue 02 – Includes all undesired circumstances and occurrences that have the potential to cause accidents. IADC HSE Case Guidelines Issue 02 – (Accident) – Includes any undesired circumstances which gives rise to ill-health or injury, damage to property, plant, products or the environment. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

Incident

"Incident" means any occurrence or series of occurrences having the same origin, which causes pollution damage or creates a grave and imminent threat of causing such damage. Source: International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001. Legislation  

Incident

An event or chain of events that has resulted in harmful consequences, such as injuries, illnesses, property damage or environmental impact. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, Jun  

Incident

Event or chain of events which cause, or could have caused, injury, illness and/or damage (loss) to assets, the environment or third parties. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. GlobalStandards  

Incident

An occurrence that actually or potentially results in adverse consequences to (adverse effects on) (poses a threat to) an information system or the information that the system processes, stores, or transmits and that may require a response action to mitigate the consequences. Extended Definition: An occurrence that constitutes a violation or imminent threat of violation of security policies, security procedures, or acceptable use policies. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009, FIPS 200, NIST SP 800-53 Rev 4, ISSG Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards  

Incident

“Incident” means an occurrence that could or does result in a health or safety hazard causing harm or damage including an accident or high potential incident. Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health & Safety Requirements, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, December 2000. Regulations  

Incident

An event or chain of events which has caused or could have caused injury, illness and/or damage (loss) to assets, the environment or third parties. (The word ‘accident’ is used by some writers and organisations to denote an incident which has caused injury, illness and/or damage, but the term also has connotations of ‘bad luck’ in common speech, and is therefore avoided by others. In these guidelines, only the term ‘incident’ has been used—in the above sense which embraces the concept of ‘accident’.) Source: OGP Report No. 6.36/210, Guidelines for the Development and Application of Health, Safety and Environmental Management Systems, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, July 1994. Global Standards  

Incident

An event or chain of events which has caused or could have caused injury, illness and/or damage (loss) to assets, the environment or third parties. (The word ‘accident’ is used by some writers and organisations to denote an incident which has caused injury, illness and/or damage, but the term also has connotations of ‘bad luck’ in common speech, and is therefore avoided by others. In these guidelines, only the term ‘incident’ has been used—in the above sense which embraces the concept of ‘accident’.) Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global Standards
Hazards Register

Hazards Register

Definition(s)


Hazards Register

Brief, but complete, summary that demonstrates that hazards have been identified, assessed, and that barriers (both controls and defences) are in place. Other Related Terms and Definitions: ISO-17776 – Document providing a brief, but complete, overview of the identified hazards and the measures necessary to manage them. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

Hazards Register

Document providing a brief, but complete, overview of the identified hazards and the measures necessary to manage them. NOTE The hazards register also provides references to more detailed information relevant to a particular hazard. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards  
ETA

ETA

Definition(s)


ETA

Event tree analysis. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards  

ETA

Tree-like diagram used to determine alternative potential scenarios arising from a particular hazardous event. NOTE It can be used quantitatively to determine the probability or frequency of different consequences arising from the hazardous event. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards  

ETA

Estimated Time of Arrival. Source: NOGEPA Guideline 14, Helideck Operations and Procedures Manual, Netherlands, Version 2, December 2011. Global Standards  
Fault Tree Analysis

Fault Tree Analysis

Definition(s)


Fault Tree Analysis

Tree-like diagram based upon the application of "and/or'' logic used to identify alternative sequences of hardware faults and human errors that result in system failures or hazardous events. NOTE When quantified, fault trees allow system-failure probability or frequency to be calculated. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards  
Working Area

Working Area

Definition(s)


Working Area

“Working area” means any area of an installation that a person may occupy during the normal course of duties, and includes a control room, a workshop, machinery space, storage area and paint locker (zone de travail). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-111, Canada, current to May 1, 2014. Regulations Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-118, February 2013. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Installations Regulations, SOR/95-191, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. Regulations  

Working Area

vertical projection of all possible load positions. Source: Rules for Classification and Construction, IV Industrial Services, 6 Offshore Technology, 9 Guideline for Personnel Transfers by Means of Lifting Appliances, Edition 2011, Germanischer Lloyd SE, Global Standards
Event Tree Analysis

Event Tree Analysis

Definition(s)


Event Tree Analysis

Tree-like diagram used to determine alternative potential scenarios arising from a particular hazardous event. NOTE It can be used quantitatively to determine the probability or frequency of different consequences arising from the hazardous event. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards  
Exempt Vessel

Exempt Vessel

Definition(s)


Exempt vessel

Exempt vessel, in relation to a safety zone, means a vessel:
  1. in the case of a petroleum safety zone—that is excluded from the operation of section 616 in relation to that safety zone because:
    1. the vessel is specified in the notice establishing the safety zone; or
    2. the vessel is included in a class of vessels specified in the notice establishing the safety zone; or
  2. in the case of a petroleum safety zone—for which a written consent of NOPSEMA under subsection 616(1) is in force in relation to the safety zone; or
  3. in the case of a greenhouse gas safety zone—that is excluded from the operation of section 617 in relation to that safety zone because:
    1. the vessel is specified in the notice establishing the safety zone; or
    2. the vessel is included in a class of vessels specified in the notice establishing the safety zone; or
  4. in the case of a greenhouse gas safety zone—for which a written consent of the responsible Commonwealth Minister under subsection 617(1) is in force in relation to the safety zone.
Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation
Fault Tree

Fault Tree

Definition(s)


 

Fault Tree

In a fault tree the conditions necessary for a failure are presented in a reverse order starting with the unwanted or “top” event. Circumstances leading to this event are then developed. This activity, in itself, is useful in that it logically presents cause combinations. The fault tree is then “resolved” to eliminate duplication (this requires a little expertise in the application of Boolean algebra) and by applying failure estimates at the base of the tree and working up, the likelihood of the “top” event occurring may be estimated as either a probability or a frequency. Source: Approved Code of Practice for Managing Hazards to Prevent Major Industrial Accidents, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Department of Labour, New Zealand, July 1994. Regulatory Guidance  

Fault Tree

Graphical tool used to illustrate the range, probability, and interaction of causal occurrences that lead to a final outcome Sample Usage: A fault tree for machinery was used to diagram the possible points of failure. Annotation:
  1. Fault trees use inductive (backwards) logic; they begin with a final occurrence and work backwards in time to determine the possible causes.
  2. A fault tree can be used to quantitatively estimate the probability of a program or system failure by visually displaying and evaluating failure paths.
  3. Fault trees can identify system components that lack redundancy or are overly redundant.
  4. As an example, consider Figure B. The final outcome, labelled here as Damage to System is shown at the top of the fault tree. All of the events that could lead to Damage to System are diagrammed in the tree beneath the final outcome. Each event either does or does not occur, and the events are interconnected by logical functions OR and AND.
Notice that one event that could result in Damage to System is if a Successful Attack occurs. Successful Attack is one of the final states depicted in the Event Tree example. The occurrence of a Successful Attack depends on 1) an attack being attempted, 2) the failure of Personnel Action to Stop Attack, AND 3) the failure of Security Equipment to Stop Attack. If the probability of an attack being attempted is P0, then the probability of a Successful Attack is the probability that all three of these conditions are met, equal to P0 ×P1 × P2. However, Damage to System can also occur if Natural Disaster occurs, which happens with probability of P3. Assuming that P0 equals 5% or .05, P1 equals 10% or 0.1, P2 equals 30% or 0.3, and P3 equals 20% or 0.2, then the overall probability of Damage to System is calculated as follows: Probability of Damage to System = Probability that Natural Disaster occurs OR Successful Attack occurs. = 1 -[Probability that Natural Disaster does not occur AND Successful Attack does not occur] = 1 -[(1 -P3) × (1 – P0 × P1 × P2)] = 1 -[0.8 × (1 -0.0015)] = 0.2012 Therefore, the probability of Damage to the System from all possible hazards is approximately 20%. f tree Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory Guidance

Fault Tree

Tree-like diagram based upon the application of "and/or'' logic used to identify alternative sequences of hardware faults and human errors that result in system failures or hazardous events. NOTE When quantified, fault trees allow system-failure probability or frequency to be calculated. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards    
Event Tree

Event Tree

Definition(s)


 

Event Tree

An event tree starts with an initiating event then works forward to develop a number of possible outcomes. At each branch the system (or person) is considered to have “failed” or “not failed” and probabilities are assigned that provide a quantitative estimate of the likelihood of each outcome. Source: Approved Code of Practice for Managing Hazards to Prevent Major Industrial Accidents, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Department of Labour, New Zealand, July 1994. Regulatory Guidance  

Event Tree

Definition: graphical tool used to illustrate the range and probabilities of possible outcomes that arise from an initiating event. Sample Usage: Analysts used an event tree to diagram possible outcomes from a terrorist attack. Annotation:
  1. Event trees use forward logic; they begin with an initiating event and work forward in time to determine the possible outcomes.
  2. The probabilities used in event trees are conditional probabilities because they are based on the assumption that the initiating event has already occurred. (See Probability annotation for a description of conditional probability.)
  3. As an example, consider Figure A. The initiating event is an Attack Attempted. From the initiating event, the tree branches into a sequence of random variables, called events. The branching point at which a new random event is introduced is called a node and is depicted by a circle.
The first of these random events is Personnel Action to Stop Attack. The Personnel Action to Stop Attack is successful with probability 1-P1 and fails to stop the attack with probability P1. If Personnel Action to Stop Attack is successful, then the branch leads to the final outcome of Unsuccessful Attack, No Damage (Scenario A). If Personnel Action to Stop Attack is not successful, then the branch leads to the next node representing the random event of whether the Security Equipment to Stop Attack is successful or not with probabilities of 1-P2 and P2 respectively. If the Security Equipment to Stop Attack is successful then the branch leads to the final outcome of Unsuccessful Attack, No Damage (Scenario B). If Security Equipment to Stop Attack fails then the branch leads to the final outcome of Successful Attack, Damage to System (Scenario C). Assuming that P1 equals 10% or 0.1 and P2 equals 30% or 0.3, then the conditional probabilities of a Successful and Unsuccessful Attack, given that the initiating event occurs and an attack is attempted, are calculated as follows: Probability of Successful Attack given that an attack is attempted: = Probability of Scenario C = Probability that Personnel Action to Stop Attack fails and Security Equipment to Stop Attack fails. = P1× P2 = 0.1 × 0.3 = 0.03 Therefore, the conditional probability of a Successful Attack, given the attack is attempted, is 3%. Probability of Unsuccessful Attack given that an attack is attempted: = Probability of Scenario A or Scenario B occurring = Probability that Personnel Action to Stop Attack is successful or Security Equipment to Stop Attack is successful. = (1 -P1) + [P1 × (1 -P2)] = 0.9 + (0.1 × 0.7) = 0.97 Therefore, the conditional probability of an Unsuccessful Attack, given that the attack is attempted, is 97%. Notice that the Probability of Successful Attack plus the probability of Unsuccessful Attack equals one because there are no alternative outcomes. event tree Event trees differ from fault trees by starting with an initiating event and moving forward in time to determine possible final outcomes. Fault trees start with an outcome and work backwards in time to determine the range of events that may have caused the outcome. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory Guidance  

Event Tree

Tree-like diagram used to determine alternative potential scenarios arising from a particular hazardous event. NOTE It can be used quantitatively to determine the probability or frequency of different consequences arising from the hazardous event. Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global Standards  

 
Environmental Management Law

Environmental Management Law

Definition(s)


Environmental management law

Environmental management law means the provisions of:
  1. this Act; or
  2. the regulations; to the extent to which the provisions relate to, or empower NOPSEMA to take action in relation to:
  3. offshore petroleum environmental management in relation to Commonwealth waters; or
  4. offshore greenhouse gas storage environmental management in relation to Commonwealth waters.
Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation
Unmanned Offshore Installation

Unmanned Offshore Installation

Definition(s)


Unmanned Offshore Installation

“Unmanned offshore installation” means an offshore installation on which persons are not normally present and in those instances when persons are present on the installation, their presence is for the purpose of performing operational duties, maintenance or inspections that will not necessitate an overnight stay (installation inhabitée au large des côtes). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-111, Canada, current to May 1, 2014. Regulations Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-118, February 2013. Regulations
Eligible Voluntary Action

Eligible Voluntary Action

Definition(s)


Eligible voluntary action

  1. For the purposes of this Division, eligible voluntary action means:
  1. making an application; or
  2. giving a nomination; or
  3. making a request; or
  4. giving a notice;
to the Joint Authority, the Titles Administrator or the responsible Commonwealth Minister, where the application, nomination, request or notice is permitted, but not required, to be made or given under this Act. 2. Subsection (1) does not apply to a notice given under:
  1. subsection 774(2); or
  2. subsection 774(5); or
  3. subsection 775(2); or
  4. subsection 775(5); or
  5. subsection 775B(2); or
  6. subsection 775B(6); or
  7. subsection 775C(2); or
  8. subsection 775C(6).
Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation
Eligible Coastal Waters

Eligible Coastal Waters

Definition(s)


Eligible coastal waters

Eligible coastal waters, in relation to a State or the Northern Territory, means so much of the scheduled area for the State or Territory as consists of any waters that are:
  1. on the landward side of the territorial sea; and
  2. not within the limits of the State or Territory.
For this purpose, assume that the breadth of the territorial sea of Australia had never been determined or declared to be greater than 3 nautical miles, but had continued to be 3 nautical miles. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation
Transit Draft

Transit Draft

Definition(s)


Transit Draft

“Transit draft”, with respect to a mobile offshore platform, means the vertical distance in metres from the moulded baseline to the assigned waterline, when the platform is moving from one geographical location to another (tirant d’eau de transit). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-111, Canada, current to May 1, 2014. Regulations Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-118, February 2013. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Installations Regulations, SOR/95-191, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. Regulations
Survival Draft

Survival Draft

Definition(s)


Survival Draft

“Survival draft”, with respect to a mobile offshore platform, means the vertical distance in metres from the moulded baseline to the assigned waterline, where the platform is subjected to the most severe environmental conditions determined pursuant to section 45 (tirant d’eau de survie). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-111, Canada, current to May 1, 2014. Regulations Source:  Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-118, February 2013. Regulations  

Survival Draft

“Survival draft”, with respect to a mobile platform, means the vertical distance in metres from the moulded baseline to the assigned waterline, where the platform is subjected to the most severe environmental conditions determined pursuant to section 44; tirant d’eau de survie. Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Installations Regulations, SOR/95-191, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. Regulations