Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
SMART
Definition(s)
SMART
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Targeted. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory GuidanceJHA/JSA
Definition(s)
JHA/JSA
Job Hazard Analysis / Job Safety Analysis. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory GuidanceOIM
Definition(s)
OIM
Offshore Installation Manager (Person in Charge). Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC GuidelinesOIM
Offshore Installation Manager. Source: API RP 2D, Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Cranes, Seventh Edition, December 2014. Global Standards Source: Deep Water Well Control Guidlines. IADC Guidelines Source: IMO Resolution A.1079(28), Recommendations for the Training and Certification of Personnel on Mobile Offshore Units (MOUs), Adopted on 4 December 2013, International Maritime Organization, Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: OGP Report No. 476, Recommendations for enhancements to well control training, examination and certification, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, October 2012. Global Standards Source: Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response on Offshore Installations, Offshore Installations (Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response) Regulations 1995, Approved Code of Practice and guidance (UK HSE L65), Second Edition, 1997. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOGEPA Industrial Guideline No. 20, Alerting Procedure SAR Helicopter for Drifting Vessel (NUC) Offshore, Netherlands, Version 0, January 2009. Global Standards Source: NOGEPA Guideline 14, Helideck Operations and Procedures Manual, Netherlands, Version 2, December 2011. Global Standards Source: Rules for Classification and Construction, IV Industrial Services, 6 Offshore Technology, 9 Guideline for Personnel Transfers by Means of Lifting Appliances, Edition 2011, Germanischer Lloyd SE, Global StandardsSafety Management System
Definition(s)
Safety Management System
"Safety Management system" means a structured and documented system enabling company personnel to implement effectively the company safety and environmental protection policy, as defined in paragraph 1.1 of International Safety Management Code. Source: IMO Resolution MEPC.213(63), 2012 Guidelines for the development of a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP), 2 March 2012, International Maritime Organization, Regulatory GuidanceSafety Management System
Safety Management System means a structured and documented system enabling Company personnel to implement effectively the Company safety and environmental protection policy. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.104(73), amendments to the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (International Safety Management (ISM) Code), 5 December 2000, International Maritime Organization. LegislationSafety Management System
A Safety Management System comprises all policies, objectives, roles, responsibilities accountabilities, codes, standards, communications, processes, procedures, tools, data and documents for managing safe operation of the facility. In the context of the OPGGS(S) Regulations, the SMS comprises all these aspects with a strong focus on the prevention, reduction or mitigation of MAEs. The SMS is not just documentation but is the actual implementation of processes, systems, procedures and practices on the facility. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory GuidanceSafety Management System
Safety management system, for a facility, means a system for managing occupational health and safety at the facility. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Safety) Regulations 2009 (Select Legislative Instrument 2009 No. 382 as amended), Australia, prepared on 1 January 2012. RegulationsSafety Management System
Safety management system means a system— (a) to assure the safe operation of an installation through the effective management of hazards, including major accident hazards; and (b) that addresses the matters set out in Schedule 1. Source: Health and Safety in Employment (Petroleum Exploration and Extraction) Regulations 2013, SR 2013/208, New Zealand, as of May 2013. RegulationsUnprotected Exposure
Definition(s)
Unprotected exposure
A worker’s exposure to noise, measured at the worker’s ear position, which does not take into account any protection afforded by person hearing protectors (NOHSC 1007). The correct notation for unprotected exposure is LAeq,8h. Note: Measurement at the worker’s “ear position” means a measurement taken at a horizontal distance of approximately 10cm to no more than 20cm from the entrance of the external canal of the ear receiving the higher noise level. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceSEG
Definition(s)
SEG
Similar Exposure Group. A work group comprised of individuals who carry out similar tasks and are therefore expected to have similar exposure profiles. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceRAM
Definition(s)
RAM
El componente de cierre y sello de un arreglo de preventoras de reventones.
Source: Resolución Número 40687 de 18 Jul 2017 Por la cual se establecen los criterios técnicos para proyectos de perforación exploratoria de hidrocarburos costa afuera en Colombia. Columbia Ministerio de Minas y Energia, RegulationsRAM
Risk Assessment Matrix. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceProtected Exposure
Definition(s)
Protected exposure
A worker’s exposure to noise, which takes into account the protection afforded by personal hearing protectors. Protected exposure may not under any circumstances exceed the noise exposure standard. The correct notation for protected exposure is L(eff)Aeq,8h. Note: the noise exposure standard (NOHSC 1007) is based on “unprotected” exposure to noise i.e. LAeq,8h, not L(eff)Aeq,8h. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceOtotoxin
Definition(s)
Ototoxin
Substances that may independently, or in combination with noise, cause hearing loss to exposed people (oto = ear, toxin = poison) (Tillman, 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceNIHL
Definition(s)
NIHL
Noise Induced Hearing Loss. A permanent, compensable industrial disease in Australia. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceLikelihood
Definition(s)
Likelihood
The chance of something happening, whether defined, measured, or estimated objectively or subjectively or in terms of general descriptors (such as rare, unlikely, likely, almost certain), frequencies, or probabilities. Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global StandardsLikelihood
The probability of a specified outcome (consequence) of an activity actually or potentially occurring. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global StandardsLikelihood
Chance of something happening. [SOURCE: ISO Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global StandardsLikelihood
Chance of something happening, whether defined, measured, or estimated objectively or subjectively or in terms of general descriptors (such as rare, unlikely, likely, almost certain), frequencies, or probabilities. Likelihood of the act is a function of two subcomponents, L1 and L2.
Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsLikelihood
The probability or frequency that a particular undesirable event will occur (AS/NZS 4360). E.g. The likelihood of being exposed to harmful levels of noise and/or ototoxins. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceLikelihood
Chance of something happening, whether defined, measured or estimated objectively or subjectively, or in terms of general descriptors (such as rare, unlikely, likely, almost certain), frequencies, or probabilities. Sample Usage: The likelihood of natural hazards can be estimated through the examination of historical data. Annotation:- Qualitative and semi-quantitative risk assessments can use qualitative estimates of likelihood such as high, medium, or low, which may be represented numerically but not mathematically. Quantitative assessments use mathematically derived values to represent likelihood.
- The likelihood of a successful attack occurring is typically broken into two related, multiplicative quantities: the likelihood that an attack occurs (which is a common mathematical representation of threat), and the likelihood that the attack succeeds, given that it is attempted (which is a common mathematical representation of vulnerability). In the context of natural hazards, likelihood of occurrence is typically informed by the frequency of past incidents or occurrences.
- The intelligence community typically estimates likelihood in bins or ranges such as "remote,"
- "unlikely," "even chance," "probable/likely," or "almost certain.‖
- Probability is a specific type of likelihood. Likelihood can be communicated using numbers (e.g. 0-100, 1-5) or phrases (e.g. low, medium, high), while probabilities must meet more stringent conditions.
Likelihood (Statistical)
Conditional probability of observing a particular event given the hypothesis under consideration is true Sample Usage: Analysts evaluated the likelihood of a breach in the border fence given their observations of population increases in area cities. Annotation:- Likelihood is used colloquially as a synonym for probability.
- In statistical usage there is a clear distinction between probability and likelihood: whereas probability allows us to predict unknown outcomes based on known parameters, likelihood allows us to estimate unknown parameters based on known outcomes.
- The probability of a successful attack occurring can be broken into two related quantities: the probability that an attack occurs (which is a common mathematical representation of threat), and the probability that the attack succeeds, given that it is attempted (which is a common mathematical representation of vulnerability). In the context of natural hazards, probability of occurrence is typically informed by the frequency of past incidents or occurrences. These probabilities are often colloquially referred to as likelihoods.
Likelihood
Chance of something happening.- NOTE: 1 In risk management terminology, the word “likelihood” is used to refer to the chance of something happening, whether defined, measured or determined objectively or subjectively, qualitatively or quantitatively, and described using general terms or mathematically [such as a probability (3.6.1.4) or a frequency (3.6.1.5) over a given time period].
- NOTE: 2 The English term “likelihood” does not have a direct equivalent in some languages; instead, the equivalent of the term “probability” is often used. However, in English, “probability” is often narrowly interpreted as a mathematical term. Therefore, in risk management terminology, “likelihood” is used with the intent that it should have the same broad interpretation as the term “probability” has in many languages other than English.
LC, Peak
Definition(s)
LC, peak A C-weighted peak (instantaneous) sound pressure level, measured in dB(C) by a sound level meter with a peak detector-indicator characteristic complying with AS 1259.1 (NOHSC 1007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance
LAeq,8h
Definition(s)
LAeq,8h
An averaged 8-hr equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level, measured in dB(A), referenced to 20 micro Pascals in air. LAeq,8h must be determined in accordance with AS/NZS 1269 (NOHSC 1007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceHRA
Definition(s)
HRA
Health Risk Assessment. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceControl
Definition(s)
Control
An existing process, policy, device, practice or other action that acts to minimise adverse risk when correctly implemented and maintained (AS/NZS 4360). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceControl
<of hazards> limiting the extent or duration of a hazardous event. Note 1 to entry: The definition of control is specific in this International Standard and other definitions are used in other standards. Source: ISO 13702:2015, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines, Second Edition, August 2015. Global StandardsControl (of hazards)
Limiting the extent and/or duration of a hazardous event to prevent escalation. Source: ISO 15544:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Requirements and guidelines for emergency. Global Standards Source: ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment. Global StandardsControl
Measure that is modifying risk. [SOURCE: ISO Guide 73:2009]- Note 1 to entry: Controls include any process, policy, device, practice, or other actions which modify risk.
- Note 2 to entry: Controls may not always exert the intended or assumed modifying effect.
Control
Means of managing risk, including policies, procedures, guidelines, practices or organizational structures, which can be administrative, technical, management, or legal in nature. [ISO/IEC 27000:2009]- NOTE ISO Guide 73:2009 defines control as simply a measure that is modifying risk.
Control
Imposition of operational limits to the separation system. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsControl
See also Barrier. Barrier which reduces the probability of releasing the hazard’s potential for harm. (Preventing the Top Event.) Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC GuidelinesControl
Measure that is modifying risk (1.1). NOTE 1 Controls include any process, policy, device, practice, or other actions which modify risk. NOTE 2 Controls may not always exert the intended or assumed modifying effect. Source: ISO Guide 73:2009(E/F), Risk Management – Vocabulary, First Edition, 2009. Global StandardsControl
See also Barrier. Used specifically for a barrier which mitigates the consequences of an initial event. Source: OGP Report No. 415, Asset integrity – the key to managing major incident risks, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, December 2008. Global StandardsConsequence
Definition(s)
Consequence
Expected effect of an event that occurs. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global StandardsConsequence
The potential outcome of an event. A consequence is commonly measured in four ways: human, economic, mission, and psychological. A consequence may also include other factors such as impact on the environment.
Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global StandardsConsequence
The effect of an event, incident, or occurrence. Extended Definition: In cybersecurity, the effect of a loss of confidentiality, integrity or availability of information or an information system on an organization's operations, its assets, on individuals, other organizations, or on national interests. Adapted from: DHS Risk Lexicon, National Infrastructure Protection Plan, NIST SP 800-53 Rev 4 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsConsequence
The adverse effects of an extreme event, such as metocean, seismic, ice, or accidental, on personnel, the environment, or property. Source: API RP 2SIM, Structural Integrity Management of Fixed Offshore Structures, First Edition, November 2014. Global StandardsConsequence
A quantitative or qualitative measure of an adverse or beneficial outcome from an activity. Consequences could include harm to people, impact on the environment, effects on health, societal impacts, non-conformance to quality standard, security breaches, damage to property etc. Consequences may be "actual", resulting from an outcome such as an incident or exposure, or they may be "potential", based on an outcome that could have occurred for the same activity but with a variation in circumstances. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global StandardsConsequence
Outcome of an event affecting objectives. [SOURCE: ISO Guide 73:2009]- Note 1 to entry: An event can lead to a range of consequences.
- Note 2 to entry: A consequence can be certain or uncertain and in the context of information security is usually negative.
- Note 3 to entry: Consequences can be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively.
- Note 4 to entry: Initial consequences can escalate through knock-on effects.
Consequence
The outcome of an event, commonly measured in four ways-human, economic, mission, and psychological-but may also include other factors such as impact on the environment.
Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsConsequence
The adverse outcome or impact of a particular undesirable event (AS/NZS 4360). E.g. Hearing loss may be a consequence of exposure to harmful levels of noise and/or to toxins) (AS/NZS 4360). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceConsequence
Effect of an event, incident, or occurrence. Sample Usage: One consequence of the explosion was the loss of over 50 lives. Annotation: Consequence is commonly measured in four ways: human, economic, mission, and psychological, but may also include other factors such as impact on the environment. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory GuidanceConsequence
An event or chain of events that results from the release of a hazard. Other Related Terms and Definitions: ISO Guide 73 – (Harmful Event) – occurrence in which a hazardous situation results in harm. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC GuidelinesConsequence
Outcome of an event (3.5.1.3) affecting objectives.- NOTE: 1 An event can lead to a range of consequences.
- NOTE: 2 A consequence can be certain or uncertain and can have positive or negative effects on objectives.
- NOTE: 3 Consequences can be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively.
- NOTE: 4 Initial consequences can escalate through knock-on effects.