EMMUA

EMMUA

Definition(s)

EMMUA

Engineering Equipment & Materials Users’ Association. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
DIN

DIN

Definition(s)

DIN

Deutsches Institut fur Normung.

Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

DIN

Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

DIN

DIN: the norm issued by the Deutsche Institut fur Normalisierung. Source: Mining Regulation of the Netherlands, WJZ 02063603, Netherlands,16 December 2002. Regulations
CP

CP

Definition(s)

CP

Cathodic Protection Source: API Technical Report 17TR7, Verification and Validation of Subsea Connectors, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 2SIM, Structural Integrity Management of Fixed Offshore Structures, First Edition, November 2014. Global Standards Source: ISO 21457:2010, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems, First Edition,September 2010. Global Standards

CP

Corrosion protection. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17E, Specification for Subsea Umbilicals, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, October 2010. Global Standards
CNC

CNC

Definition(s)

CNC

Computer Numerical Control. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
CEN

CEN

Definition(s)

CEN

Committee on European Normalisation. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

CEN

European Standardisation Organisation. Source: Verification of Lifting Appliances for the Oil and Gas Industry, DNV-OSS-308, October 2010, Det Norske Veritas AS, Global Standards
CCTV

CCTV

Definition(s)

CCTV

Closed-circuit television. Source:  DNVGL-RP-G108, Cyber security in the oil and gas industry based on IEC 62443, DNV GL, September 2017. Global Standards Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global Standards Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

CCTV

Closed circuit television. Source: NORSOK D-001, Drilling facilities, Rev. 3, December 2012. Global Standards
BV

BV

Definition(s)

BV

Bureau Veritas. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
BSI

BSI

Definition(s)

BSI

British Standards Institute. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response on Offshore Installations, Offshore Installations (Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response) Regulations 1995, Approved Code of Practice and guidance (UK HSE L65), Second Edition, 1997. Regulatory Guidance
BS

BS

Definition(s)

BS

Standard issued by British Standards Institute. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

BS

Barge Supervisor. Source: IMO Resolution A.1079(28), Recommendations for the Training and Certification of Personnel on Mobile Offshore Units (MOUs), Adopted on 4 December 2013, International Maritime Organization, Regulatory Guidance  

BS

British Standard. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines  

BS

Base shear. Source: ISO 19905-1:202, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units – Part 1: Jack-ups. Global Standards  

BS

British Standard (issued by British Standard Institute). Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global Standards Source: Rules for Classification – Offshore units, DNVGL-OU-0101, Offshore drilling and support units, DNV GL, July 2015. Global Standards  

BS

Besluit stralingsbescherming. Radiation Protection Decree. Source: NOGEPA Industrial Guideline No. 16, Working with Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM), Netherlands, Version 1, January 2009. Global Standards
AISI

AISI

Definition(s)

AISI

American Iron and Steel Institute. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Bend Stiffener

Bend Stiffener

Definition(s)

Bend stiffener

Device for providing a localized increase in bending stiffness, preserving the minimum bend radius of the umbilical under defined bending moment conditions. NOTE The stiffener is usually a moulded device, sometimes reinforced, depending on the required duty, applied over the umbilical. It is sometimes referred to as a bend strain reliever (BSR). Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Bend stiffener

Ancillary conical shaped component, which locally supports the pipe to limit bending stresses and curvature of the pipe to acceptance levels. NOTE Bend stiffeners can be either attached to an end fitting or a support structure where the flexible pipe passes through the bend stiffener. Source: API SPEC 17J, Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe, Third Edition, July 2008. Global Standards
Bend Restrictors

Bend Restrictors

Definition(s)

Bend restrictors

Bend restrictors are designed to prevent bending of flexible pipes/umbilicals beyond predefined threshold values. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Subsea Buoy Clamps

Subsea Buoy Clamps

Definition(s)

Subsea buoy clamps

Subsea buoy clamps are used to secure flexible pipes to subsea buoys. They typically consist of a split steel assembly that is bolted onto the flexible pipe. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Tether Clamps

Tether Clamps

Definition(s)

Tether clamps

Tether clamps are used to attach tethers directly to a flexible pipe, as shown in a global view of the flexible pipe in Figure 24. The clamp fits around the circumference of the pipe and provides a connection to which the tether is fitted. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Repair Clamps

Repair Clamps

Definition(s)

Repair clamps

Repair clamps are used on areas of the flexible pipe where damage has been caused. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Swivel Flange

Swivel Flange

Definition(s)

Swivel flange

Swivel flanges, as shown in Figure 39, are a particular type of connector that offers the advantage of relative rotation between the connector and the vessel to aid installation operations. Quick-disconnect and quick connect-disconnect systems may be used as connectors where emergency release is an operational requirement for dynamic riser applications. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Swivel flange

Swivel flanges, as shown in Figure 39, are a particular type of connector that offers the advantage of relative rotation between the connector and the vessel to aid installation operations. Quick-disconnect and quick connect-disconnect systems may be used as connectors where emergency release is an operational requirement for dynamic riser applications. Source: API SPEC 17D, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—Subsea Wellhead and Tree Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition May 2011 (Errata September 2011). Global Standards
Ageing

Ageing

Definition(s)

Ageing

Ageing of polymer and composite material is an irreversible process, which occurs when the material is exposed to particular environmental conditions. Ageing is dependent on temperature, exposure to seawater, exposure to air (ozone degradation where applicable) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The ageing process is characterized by a change in properties, such as reduction in strength or ductility, and embrittlement or softening. In addition, the physical properties of the polymer or composite can be significantly altered by migration of plasticizers. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Hybrid Tether System

Hybrid Tether System

Definition(s)

Hybrid tether system

A combination of a chain and synthetic tether. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Injection Moulding

Injection Moulding

Definition(s)

Injection moulding

The injection-moulding process is described as follows: a thermoplastic in the form of granules or powder passes from a feed hopper into a barrel, where it is heated until it softens. It is then forced through a nozzle into a relatively cold mould, which is then clamped tightly closed. When the plastic has had sufficient time to solidify, the mould opens, the article is ejected, and the cycle is repeated [35].1  

Source(s)

1. API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Macrosphere

Macrosphere

Definition(s)

Macrosphere

Ceramic, polymer or composite spheres greater than 1 mm in diameter that form a structural part of composite syntactic foams. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Open-cast Moulding

Open-cast Moulding

Definition(s)

Open-cast moulding

Polymer sealing elements can be manufactured by open-cast moulding. This process consists of mixing the constituent components of the polymer together, and pouring the mixture into the mould at ambient pressure. Open-cast moulding is one of the simplest and most common moulding methods for thermoset polyurethanes, and is good for parts in relatively small quantities. In fact, the mould itself may be made from polyurethane. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Creep Analysis

Creep Analysis

Definition(s)

Creep analysis

When a constant stress is applied to a polymer or composite material, it may gradually deform over a period of time until a point is reached at which the material fractures or the product fails to meet its functional requirements. It is important for designers to be aware of this failure mode for permanent ancillary equipment, and that a material that can withstand a load in the short term may not be able to withstand this load in the long term. The time taken for the material to fracture depends on several factors, including the stress level, the ambient temperature, the type of environment, the component geometry, the molecular structure and the manufacturing method [35]. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Subsea Buoy Systems

Subsea Buoy Systems

Definition(s)

Subsea buoy systems

Subsea buoy systems are used to achieve S-shaped riser configurations, including lazy (Figure 19), steep (Figure 20) and reverse configurations (note that in the reverse configuration the lower catenary of the riser passes back underneath the buoy). The objective of the subsea buoy is to provide upthrust, longitudinal fixture and guidance to the supported risers. The subsea buoy typically consists of buoyancy tanks or elements, supported by a metallic structure, over which lie individual gutters for each flexible pipe. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Ballast Modules

Ballast Modules

Definition(s)

Ballast modules

In certain circumstances it is desirable to increase the weight of a flexible pipe in certain areas, in order to improve its behavior. To achieve this, ballast modules, which are effectively the opposite of buoyancy modules, are attached to the pipe. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
Bellmouth

Bellmouth

Definition(s)

Bellmouth

Like bend stiffeners and bend restrictors, the bellmouth protects the flexible pipe from bending to levels beyond its allowable minimum bend radius (MBR). A bellmouth comprises a hollow tube that flares out into a bell-shaped profile at its end, as shown in Figure 13. The flexible pipe exits the bellmouth from this end, and the bell-shaped profile prevents the flexible pipe bending beyond a certain radius within its angular range. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Bellmouth

Part of a guide tube, formed in the shape of a bellmouth, and designed to prevent overbending of the flexible pipe. Source: API SPEC 17J, Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe, Third Edition, July 2008. Global Standards
Wet Repair

Wet Repair

Definition(s)

Wet repair

Repair of a flexible pipe in situ. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Upper Catenary

Upper Catenary

Definition(s)

Upper catenary

Length of flexible pipe between the platform and the subsea buoy. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Topside Connection

Topside Connection

Definition(s)

Topside connection

Connection between flexible pipe end fitting and platform. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Thermal Ageing

Thermal Ageing

Definition(s)

Thermal ageing

Degradation of a material over time, due to temperature, caused by changes at the molecular level. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  
Tether Base

Tether Base

Definition(s)

Tether base

Structure that secures one or a group of tethers to the seabed, including tether connection points and lifting points. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards  

Tether bases

Tether bases are used to anchor subsea buoy systems (e.g. a lazy-S configuration) or to secure flexible pipe tethers to the seabed in certain configurations such as in pliant wave configurations. Source: API RP 17L2, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe Ancillary Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards