Automated Vehicle

Automated Vehicle

Definition(s)

Automated Vehicle

Mobile device that includes a control system allowing it to operate either autonomously or under remote control.

Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National Standard
Automatic Overload Protection System (AOPS)

Automatic Overload Protection System (AOPS)

Definition(s)

Automatic Overload Protection System (AOPS)

system that automatically safeguards and protects the crane against overload and “over-moment” during operation by allowing the hook to be pulled away from the crane in order to avoid significant damage. Source: Rules for Classification and Construction, IV Industrial Services, 6 Offshore Technology, 9 Guideline for Personnel Transfers by Means of Lifting Appliances, Edition 2011, Germanischer Lloyd SE, Global Standards
Automatic Stationkeeping

Automatic Stationkeeping

Definition(s)

Automatic Stationkeeping

Computerized means of maintaining a vessel on location by selectively driving thrusters. Source: API Specification 16Q, Design, Selection, Operation, and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, Second Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: ISO 13624-1:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Drilling and production equipment – Part 1:Design and operation of marine drilling riser equipment. Global Standards  
Autoshear System

Autoshear System

Definition(s)

Autoshear system

A safety system that is designed to automatically shut-in the wellbore in the event of a disconnect of the LMRP. NOTE When the autoshear is engaged, disconnecting the LMRP closes the shear rams. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards
AUV

AUV

Definition(s)

AUV

Autonomous underwater vehicle. Source: API RP 17A, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, Fourth Edition, Reaffirmed 2011. Global Standards  

AUV

AUVs are defined as near-neutrally buoyant free-swimming submersible craft that are controlled via an onboard preprogrammed control system. Source: API RP 17A, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, Fourth Edition, Reaffirmed 2011. Global Standards  
Auxiliary Line

Auxiliary Line

Definition(s)

Auxiliary Line

Rigid line attached to the outside of the riser main tube [exclusive of the choke and kill (C/K) lines]; e.g. hydraulic supply line, mud boost line, air line.

Source: API Specification 16Q, Design, Selection, Operation, and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, Second Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

Auxiliary Line

A conduit (excluding choke and kill lines) attached to the outside of the riser main tube. Example: Hydraulic supply line, buoyancy control line, mud boost line. Source: API RP 16Q, Recommended Practice for Design, Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, First Edition, November 1993 (Reaffirmed August 2001). Global Standards Source: ISO 13624-1:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Drilling and production equipment – Part 1:Design and operation of marine drilling riser equipment. Global Standards  

Auxiliary Line

Conduit (excluding choke and kill lines) attached to the outside of the riser main pipe. EXAMPLES Hydraulic supply line and annulus circulation line. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards  

Auxiliary Line

An external conduit (excluding choke and kill lines) arranged parallel to the riser main tube for enabling fluid flow. Examples of these lines include a control system fluid line, a buoyancy control line, and a mud boost line. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global Standards
Auxiliary Piping

Auxiliary Piping

Definition(s)

Auxiliary Piping

Instrument and machinery piping, typically small-bore secondary process piping that can be isolated from primary piping systems but is normally not isolated. Examples include flush lines, seal oil lines, analyzer lines, balance lines, buffer gas lines, drains, and vents.

Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global Standards
Auxiliary Steering Gear

Auxiliary Steering Gear

Definition(s)

Auxiliary Steering Gear

Auxiliary steering gear is the equipment which is provided for effecting movement of the rudder for the purpose of steering the unit in the event of failure of the main steering gear. Source: IMO Resolution A.1023(26), Code for the Construction and Equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (2009 MODU Code), 2009. Global Standards  

Auxiliary Steering Gear

Auxiliary steering gear is the equipment other than any part of the main steering gear necessary to steer the ship in the event of failure of the main steering gear but not including the tiller, quadrant or components serving the same purpose. <Chapter II-1, regulation 3>. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.216(82), amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended, 8 December 2006, International Maritime Organization. Legislation Source: Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Mobile Offshore Units, Part 5, Main and Auxiliary Machinery, June 2013, Lloyd’s Register, Global Standards
Availability

Availability

Definition(s)

Availability

Ability of an item to be in a state to perform a required function under given conditions at a given instant or over a given time interval, assuming that the required external resources are provided.

Source:  DNVGL-RP-G108, Cyber security in the oil and gas industry based on IEC 62443, DNV GL, September 2017. Global Standards

Availability

Extent to which the system/structure/equipment is capable of retaining its functional integrity. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards  

Availability

The property of being accessible and usable upon demand. Extended Definition: In cybersecurity, applies to assets such as information or information systems. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009, NIST SP 800-53 Rev 4, 44 U.S.C., Sec 3542 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global Standards

Availability

Fraction of time that a system (e.g. safety instrumented system, atmospheric-relief system, or flare-relief system) is able to perform the designated function if required for use.

Source:API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards  

Availability

Property of being accessible and usable upon demand by an authorized entity. Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global Standards  

Availability

Probability that a system will operate on demand. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines

Availability

Ability of an item to be in a state to perform a required function under given conditions at a given instant of time or over a given time interval, assuming that the required external resources are provided. NOTE: For a more detailed description and interpretation of availability, see Annex C. Source: API STD 2000, Venting Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks, Sixth Edition, November 2009. Global Standards  

Availability

The ability, measured in terms of uptime percentage, of a system to perform its required function. Source: OGP Report No. 415, Asset integrity – the key to managing major incident risks, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, December 2008. Global Standards  

Availability

Ability of an item to be in a state to perform a required function under given conditions at a given instant of time, or in average over a given time interval, assuming that the required external resources are provided. Source: ISO 20815:2008, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Production assurance and reliability management. Global Standards  

Availability

Probability that an asset, under the combined influence of its reliability, maintainability, and security, will be able to fulfill its required function over a stated period of time, or at a given point in time.

Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National Standard  

Availability

Note that the definition of availability given in IEC 60050-191:1990, 3.1.1, can be misleading because it can lead one to think that “availability” and “reliability” are the same concepts. This is not true because the meaning of “over a given time interval” is not at all the same for the concepts of “availability” and “reliability”. Even if the definitions of “availability” and “reliability” seem very close, these concepts are completely different, specifically: availability: item working at a given instant (no matter what has happened before); reliability: item working continuously over a whole period of time. “Availability” characterizes a function that can be interrupted without any problem and “reliability,” a function that cannot be interrupted over a whole period of time. Source: API STD 689, Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, First Edition, July 2007. Global Standards

Avatar

Avatar

Definition(s)

Avatar

Representation of a person participating in the Cyberspace.
  • NOTE 1 An avatar can also be referred to as the person’s alter ego.
  • NOTE 2 An avatar can also be seen as an “object” representing the embodiment of the user.
Source: ISO/IEC 27032:2015, Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for cybersecurity, First Edition, July 2012. Global Standards
AVE

AVE

Definition(s)

AVE

Apparent volumetric expansion. Source: API SPEC 17E, Specification for Subsea Umbilicals, Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, October 2010. Global Standards
Average

Average

Definition(s)

Average

Average during one day and night. Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global Standards
Average Availability

Average Availability

Definition(s)

A(t1,t2)

Average Availability

3.1.13 〈measure〉 average value of the availability A(t) over a given interval [t ,t ] 1 2. average availability Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards
Average Failure Frequency

Average Failure Frequency

Definition(s)

Average Failure Frequency

w(t1,t2) , w T ( ), w average value of the time-dependent failure frequency over a given time intervalaverage failure frequency Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards
Average Failure Rate

Average Failure Rate

Definition(s)

Average Failure Rate

3.1.19 λ (t1t2 ), λ (T) average value of the time-dependent failure rate over a given time interval afr Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards
Average Hazardous Event Frequency

Average Hazardous Event Frequency

Definition(s)

Average Hazardous Event Frequency

average accident frequency Φ(t ,t ) 1 2 , Φ(T) , Φ average frequency as 3.1.23 related to of the hazardous event (or to the accident) Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards
Average Limit Load

Average Limit Load

Definition(s)

Average Limit Load

The numerical average of primary load which causes the limiting component to release the primary load in load limiting designs (reference Annex E). Source:API SPECIFICATION 7K, Drilling and Well Servicing Equipment, Sixth Edition, December 2015. Global Standards
Average Probability of Failure on Demand

Average Probability of Failure on Demand

Definition(s)

Average Probability of Failure on Demand PFDavg

3.1.16 average unavailability as per 3.1.12 in the functional safety standard terminology (e.g. IEC 61508[2]) Note 1 to entry: “Failure on demand” means here “failure likely to be observed when a demand occurs”. PFDavg encompasses both the failure occurred before the demand and the failure occurring due to the demand itself. Then this term needs not to be mixed up with the probability of a failure due to a demand (see 3.2.13). Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards
Average Unavailability

Average Unavailability

Definition(s)

Average Unavailability

3.1.14 average unavailability average unavailability2

Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global Standards
AWD

AWD

Definition(s)

AWD

Analysis while drilling. Source: NORSOK D-001, Drilling facilities, Rev. 3, December 2012. Global Standards
AWG

AWG

Definition(s)

AWG

American Wire Gauge. Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards
AWS

AWS

Definition(s)

AWS

American Welding Society/Specification Filler Number. Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards

AWS

American Welding Society. Source:API SPECIFICATION 19TT, Specification for Downhole Well Test Tools and Related Equipment, First Edition, October 2016. Global Standards Source: API RP 17A, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, Fourth Edition, Reaffirmed 2011. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16C, Specification for Choke and Kill Systems, First Edition, January 1993 (Reaffirmed 2001). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16RCD, Specification for Drill Through Equipment—Rotating Control Devices, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2005. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17D, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—Subsea Wellhead and Tree Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition May 2011 (Errata September 2011). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17F, Specification for Subsea Production Control Systems, Second Edition, December 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards Source: API RP 2FB, Recommended Practice for the Design of Offshore Facilities Against Fire and Blast Loading, First Edition, April 2006. Global Standards
AWV

AWV

Definition(s)

AWV

Annulus wing valve. Source: API SPEC 17D, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—Subsea Wellhead and Tree Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition May 2011 (Errata September 2011). Global Standards
Axial load-free testing

Axial load-free testing

Definition(s)

Axial load-free testing

Pressure-testing arrangement using a pipe-sealing device or mechanism such that internal pressure produces hoop and radial stresses only in the component wall. Source: ISO 14692-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials, Second Edition, August 2017. Global Standards
Axial-Pressure Load Diagram

Axial-Pressure Load Diagram

Definition(s)

Axial-Pressure Load Diagram

Plot of pressure versus axial load showing pipe and/or connection test load envelope or limit load extremes. Source: API RP 5C5, Recommended Practice on Procedures for Testing Casing and Tubing Connections, Third Edition, July 2003 (Reaffirmed August 2010). Global Standards  
B-Annulus

B-Annulus

Definition(s)

B-Annulus

Designation of an annulus between the production casing and the next outer casing
  • Note 1 to entry: The letter designation continues in sequence for each outer annulus space encountered between casing strings, up to and including the surface casing and conductor casing strings.
[SOURCE: API RP 90, modified] Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global Standards

B-Annulus

The annulus designation between the production casing and next outer casing. The letter designation continues in sequence for each and every outer annular space encountered between casing strings up to and including the surface casing and conductor casing strings. Source: API RP 90, Annular Casing Pressure Management for Offshore Wells, Upstream Segment. First Edition, August 2006. Global Standards  

B-Annulus

Annuli between the production casing and the previous casing string. Source: NORSOK D-010, Well integrity in drilling and well operations, Rev. 3, August 2004. Global Standards
BA

BA

Definition(s)

BA

Breathing Apparatus. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: ISO 13702:2015, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines, Second Edition, August 2015. Global Standards
Back Pressure

Back Pressure

Definition(s)

Back pressure

Pressure resulting from restrictions to fluid flow downstream.

Source: API Specification 16Q, Design, Selection, Operation, and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, Second Edition, April 2017. Global Standards  

Back Pressure

The pressure resulting from restriction of fluid flow downstream. Source: API RP 16Q, Recommended Practice for Design, Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems, First Edition, November 1993 (Reaffirmed August 2001). Global Standards Source: ISO 13624-1:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Drilling and production equipment – Part 1:Design and operation of marine drilling riser equipment. Global Standards

Backpressure

Pressure that exists at the outlet of a pressure-relief device or depressuring valve as a result of the pressure in the discharge system.
  • NOTE The backpressure is the sum of the superimposed and built-up backpressures.
Source:API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards

Backpressure (casing pressure, choke pressure)

The pressure existing at the surface on the casing side of the drill string/annulus flow system. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global Standards
Back Reflection

Back Reflection

Definition(s)

Back Reflection

Signal received from the back surface of a surface test object. Source: API SPEC 7-1, Specification for Rotary Drill Stem Elements, First Edition, March 2006 (Addendum April 2011). Global Standards
Back Up

Back Up

Definition(s)

Back up

Refers to the act of “backing up” or preventing rotation of one section of pipe or rods while another is screwed out of or into it. Also applied to screwing nuts on or off bolts. A backup wrench refers to any wrench being used to hold the pipe, rods, or bolt. Backup tongs refers to the pipe tongs suspended in the derrick and used to hold a section of pipe while another section is screwed out of or into it by use of other tongs. The backup man is the crew member who operates the backup tongs. The backup position refers to the workstation of the backup man. Source: API RP 54, Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, Third Edition, August 1999 (2007). Global Standards