Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Assessor
Definition(s)
Assessor
Person assigned by an accreditation body to perform, alone or as part of an assessment team, an assessment of a CAB. Source: ISO/IEC 17011:2004, Conformity assessment – General requirements for accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessment bodies. Global StandardsAssessor
Entity performing the site-specific assessment. Source: ISO 19905-1:202, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units – Part 1: Jack-ups. Global StandardsAsset
Definition(s)
RP 781 Security Plan
Assets may be categorized in many ways such as:- people,
- hazardous materials (used or produced),
- information,
- environment,
- equipment,
- facilities,
- activities/operations, and
- company reputation.
Asset
A person, structure, facility, information, and records, information technology systems and resources, material, process, relationships, or reputation that has value. Extended Definition: Anything useful that contributes to the success of something, such as an organizational mission; assets are things of value or properties to which value can be assigned. Adapted from: DHS Risk Lexicon. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsAsset
An identifiable resource with intrinsic financial value that is owned or controlled by the company and which provides benefits to its stakeholders. For the OMS, only tangible assets are relevant. A company may operate assets that are wholly owned or partly owned through joint ventures or other arrangements. Typically, an asset is a facility, or group of facilities, and may comprise land or sea acreage, buildings, plant, engineered structures, hardware or software, fixed or mobile equipment, vessels, aircraft: and road vehicles, terminals, pipelines, offices or retail outlets. Source: IOGP Report No. 510, Operating Management System Framework for controlling risk and delivering high performance in the oil and gas industry, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, June 2014. Global StandardsAsset
An asset is any person, environment, facility, material, information, business reputation, or activity that has a positive value to an owner. The asset may have value to a threat, as well as an owner, although the nature and magnitude of those values may differ.
Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsAsset
Anything that has value to an individual, an organization or a government.- NOTE Adapted from ISO/IEC 27000 to make provision for individuals and the separation of governments from organizations (4.37).
Asset
Person, structure, facility, information, material, or process that has value. Sample Usage: Some organizations use an asset inventory to plan protective security activities. Extended Definition: includes contracts, facilities, property, records, unobligated or unexpended balances of appropriations, and other funds or resources, personnel, intelligence, technology, or physical infrastructure, or anything useful that contributes to the success of something, such as an organizational mission; assets are things of value or properties to which value can be assigned; from an intelligence standpoint, includes any resource – person, group, relationship, instrument, installation, or supply – at the disposal of an intelligence organization for use in an operational or support role. Annotation: In some domains, capabilities and activities may be considered assets as well. In the context of the National Infrastructure Protection Plan, people are not considered assets. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory GuidanceAsset
Any person, facility, material, information, business reputation, or activity that has value to an operator.
Source: Canadian Standards Association, Z246.1-09, Security management for petroleum and natural gas industry systems, August 2009, Regional StandardsAsset
Facilities and associated infrastructure, e.g. structures, wells, pipelines, reservoirs, accommodation & support services. Source: OGP Report No. 415, Asset integrity – the key to managing major incident risks, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, December 2008. Global StandardsAsset
Physical or logical object owned by or under the custodial duties of an organization, having either a perceived or actual value to the organization.- NOTE: In the case of industrial automation and control systems the physical assets that have the largest directly measurable value may be the equipment under control.
Asset Category
Definition(s)
Asset Category
Assets may be categorized in many ways. Among these are:- People,
- Hazardous materials (used or produced),
- Information
- Environment
- Equipment
- Facilities
- Activities/operations
- Company reputation
Asset Integrity
Definition(s)
Asset integrity
The prevention of major incidents (see expanded definition on page 3) Source: OGP Report No. 415, Asset integrity – the key to managing major incident risks, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, December 2008. Global StandardsAsset integrity
Within this guide, asset integrity is related to the prevention of major incidents. It is an outcome of good design, construction and operating practices. It is achieved when facilities are structurally and mechanically sound and perform the processes and produce the products for which they were designed. The emphasis in this guide is on preventing unplanned hydrocarbon releases that may, either directly or via escalation, result in a major incident. Structural failure or marine events may also be initiating causes that escalate to become a major incident. This guide applies to such events but there may be additional considerations covered here. Broader aspects of asset integrity related to the prevention of environmental or commercial losses are not addressed. However, subject to appropriate prioritisation, the same tools can be applied for these risks. Source: OGP Report No. 415, Asset integrity – the key to managing major incident risks, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, December 2008. Global StandardsAsset integrity
Asset integrity is related to the prevention of major incidents. It is an outcome of good design, construction and operating practice. It is achieved when facilities are structurally and mechanically sound and perform the processes and produce the products for which they were designed. The emphasis in this guide is on preventing unplanned hydrocarbon and other hazardous releases that may – either directly or via escalation – result in a major incident. Structural failures may also be initiating causes that escalate to become a major incident. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsAsset integrity
Asset integrity is related to the prevention of major incidents. It is an outcome of good design, construction and operating practice. It is achieved when facilities are structurally and mechanically sound and perform the processes and produce the products for which they are designed. The emphasis in this guide is on preventing loss of primary containment (LOPC) that may, either directly or via escalation, result in a major incident. Apart from LOPC, there are other types of asset integrity event, such as structural failure, that could cause a major incident, but these are not covered by the guidance in this report. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsAsset Owner
Definition(s)
Asset Owner
In this context, the asset owner is the oilfield operator. Source: DNVGL-RP-G108, Cyber security in the oil and gas industry based on IEC 62443, DNV GL, September 2017. Global StandardsAssigned Protection Factor
Definition(s)
Assigned Protection Factor
Workplace level of respiratory protection that a respirator or class of respirators is expected to provide to a population of properly fitted and trained users. NOTE For example, an APF of 10 for a respirator means that a user could expect to inhale no more than one tenth of the airborne contaminant present. Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global StandardsAssist Gas
Definition(s)
Assist Gas
Flammable gas that is added to relief gas prior to the flare burner or at the point of combustion in order to raise the heating value.- NOTE In some designs, the assist gas can increase turbulence for improved combustion.
Assist Gas
Combustible gas that is added to relief gas prior to the flare burner or at the point of combustion in order to raise the heating value. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global StandardsAssociated Apparatus
Definition(s)
Associated Apparatus
Electrical apparatus which contains both intrinsically safe circuits and non-intrinsically safe circuits and is constructed so that the non-intrinsically safe circuits cannot adversely affect the intrinsically safe circuits. Source: IEC 60079-14:2013, Explosive atmospheres – Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection, Edition 5.0, November 2013. Global StandardsAssociated Apparatus
Apparatus used in intrinsically safe systems in which the circuits are not necessarily intrinsically safe themselves but affect the energy in the intrinsically safe circuits and are relied on to maintain intrinsic safety, see NEC Articles 504.4 and 505.8 for additional details.
Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsAssociated Energy-limited Apparatus
Definition(s)
Associated Energy-limited Apparatus
Electrical equipment which contains both energy-limited and non-energy-limited circuits and is constructed so that the non-energy-limited circuits cannot adversely affect the energy-limited circuits. Source: IEC 60079-14:2013, Explosive atmospheres – Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection, Edition 5.0, November 2013. Global StandardsAssumed Surface Temperature
Definition(s)
Assumed Surface Temperature (TAS)
Assumed temperature at surface used for calculating a pseudo-temperature gradient. Source: API RP 10B-2, Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements, First Edition, July 2005 (Reaffirmed: July 2010). Global StandardsASTM
Definition(s)
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 500, Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I, Division 1 and Division 2, Third Edition, December 2012, Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards Source: API RP 14G, Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and Control on Fixed Open-type Offshore Production Platforms: Upstream Segment, Fourth Edition, April 2007. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 13A, Specification for Drilling Fluids Materials, Eighteenth Edition, February 2010. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Third Edition, June 2004 (Errata/Supplement November 2004). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16C, Specification for Choke and Kill Systems, First Edition, January 1993 (Reaffirmed 2001). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16RCD, Specification for Drill Through Equipment—Rotating Control Devices, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2005. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17F, Specification for Subsea Production Control Systems, Second Edition, December 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global Standards Source: API RP 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders, First Edition, August 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 2FB, Recommended Practice for the Design of Offshore Facilities Against Fire and Blast Loading, First Edition, April 2006. Global Standards Source: Mining Regulation of the Netherlands, WJZ 02063603, Netherlands,16 December 2002. RegulationsASTM
ASTM International. Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global StandardsASTM
“ASTM” means ASTM International - an international standards developing organization that develops and publishes voluntary technical standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems and services. Source: Oil and Gas, New Mexico Administrative Code Title 19, Chapter 15, January 2013. RegulationsASTM
“ASTM” means ASTM international, formerly known as the American society for testing and materials. Source: Division of Mineral Resources Management - Oil and Gas, Ohio Administrative Code, Chapter 1501:9, January 2012. RegulationsASTM
"ASTM" means American Society for Testing and Materials. Source: State of Wyoming Occupational Safety and Health Rules and Regulations for Oil and Gas Well Drilling, Revised January 8, 2013. RegulationsASV
Definition(s)
ASV
Annulus Safety Valve. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global StandardsASV
Annulus Safety Valve - see also ASCSSV. Source: 117 OLF, Norwegian Oil and Gas Association recommended guidelines for Well Integrity, No. 117, Revision No. 4, June 2011. Global StandardsASV
Annulus swab valve. Source: API RP 17A, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, Fourth Edition, Reaffirmed 2011. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 17D, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—Subsea Wellhead and Tree Equipment, Upstream Segment, Second Edition May 2011 (Errata September 2011). Global StandardsAsymmetric Cryptography
Definition(s)
Asymmetric Cryptography
A branch of cryptography in which a cryptographic system or algorithms use two uniquely linked keys: a public key and a private key (a key pair). Adapted from: CNSSI 4009, FIPS 140-2, InCommon Glossary Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsAsymptotic Failure Rate
Definition(s)
Asymptotic Failure Rate
3.1.20 λ as limit, when it exists, of the failure rate λ(t) when t goes to infinity
Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global StandardsAtlantic Canada Offshore Petroleum Area
Definition(s)
Atlantic Canada Offshore Petroleum Area
Refers to the combined offshore area regulated by the Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and the Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board. Source: Atlantic Canada Offshore Petroleum Industry, Standard Practice for the Training and Qualifications of Personnel, 2013, Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, Global StandardsAtmosphere
Definition(s)
Atmosphere, explosive
A mixture with air, under atmospheric conditions, of flammable substances in the form of gas, vapor, mist, or dust in which, after ignition, combustion spreads throughout the unconsumed mixture. Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global StandardsAtmosphere, Explosive
Definition(s)
Atmosphere, Explosive
A mixture with air, under atmospheric conditions, of flammable substances in the form of gas, vapor, mist, or dust in which, after ignition, combustion spreads throughout the unconsumed mixture.
Source: API Recommended Practice 14FZ, Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 Locations, Second Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsAtmospheric Discharge
Definition(s)
Atmospheric Discharge
Release from pressure-relieving and depressuring devices to the atmosphere.
Source:API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global StandardsAtmospheric Discharge
Release of vapours and gases from pressure-relieving and depressuring devices to the atmosphere. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Fifth Edition, January 2007 (Addendum May 2008). Global StandardsAtmospheric Pressure Consistometer
Definition(s)
Atmospheric Pressure Consistometer
Device used for stirring and conditioning the cement slurry. NOTE The device is not intended to measure thickening time. Source: API SPEC 10A, Specification for Cements and Materials for Well Cementing, Twenty-fourth Edition, December 2010. Global StandardsAtmospheric zone
Definition(s)
Atmospheric zone
The external surfaces of the unit above the splash zone. Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global StandardsAtmospheric zone
That part of the external structure above the splash zone. Source: Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Mobile Offshore Units, Part 8, Corrosion Controls, June 2013, Lloyd’s Register, Global StandardsAttachment Weld
Definition(s)
Attachment Weld
Fillet or full penetration weld used for attachment of components to pipe or coupling. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Workover Risers, Second Edition, July 2006 (Reaffirmed April 2011). Global StandardsAttack
Definition(s)
Attack
Assault on a system that derives from an intelligent threat — i.e., an intelligent act that is a deliberate attempt (especially in the sense of a method or technique) to evade security services and violate the security policy of a system [11].- NOTE: There are different commonly recognized classes of attack:
- An "active attack" attempts to alter system resources or affect their operation. A "passive attack" attempts to learn or make use of information from the system but does not affect system resources.
- An "inside attack" is an attack initiated by an entity inside the security perimeter (an "insider") – i.e., an entity that is authorized to access system resources but uses them in a way not approved by those who granted the authorization. An "outside attack" is initiated from outside the perimeter, by an unauthorized or illegitimate user of the system (including an insider attacking from outside the security perimeter). Potential outside attackers range from amateur pranksters to organized criminals, international terrorists, and hostile governments.
Attack
Attempt to destroy, expose, alter, disable, steal or gain unauthorized access to or make unauthorized use of an asset. Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global StandardsAttack
Attempt to destroy, expose, alter, disable, steal or gain unauthorized access to or make unauthorized use of an asset. [ISO/IEC 27000:2009]. Source: ISO/IEC 27032:2015, Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for cybersecurity, First Edition, July 2012. Global StandardsAttack
An attempt to gain unauthorized access to system services, resources, or information, or an attempt to compromise system integrity. Extended Definition: The intentional act of attempting to bypass one or more security services or controls of an information system. From: NCSD Glossary. NTSSI 4009 (2000), CNSSI 4009 Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsAttack Method
Definition(s)
Attack Method
Manner and means, including the weapon and delivery method, a threat may use to cause harm on a target.
Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global StandardsAttack Method
Manner and means, including the weapon and delivery method, an adversary may use to cause harm on a target. Sample Usage: Analysts have identified weaponization of an aircraft as an attack method that terrorists may use. Annotation: Attack method and attack mode are synonymous. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory GuidanceAttack Method
The manner or technique and means an adversary may use in an assault on information or an information system. Adapted from: DHS Risk Lexicon, NCSD Glossary Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsAttack Method
The steps that an adversary takes or may take to plan, prepare for, and execute an attack. Adapted from: DHS Risk Lexicon, NCSD Glossary Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsAttack Mode
Definition(s)
Attack Mode
The steps that an adversary takes or may take to plan, prepare for, and execute an attack. Adapted from: DHS Risk Lexicon, NCSD Glossary Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsAttack Path
Definition(s)
Attack Path
Steps that a threat takes or may take to plan, prepare for, and execute an attack.
Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global Standards