Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Forge, Verb 〈Hammer〉
Definition(s)
Forge, Verb 〈Hammer〉
Plastically deform metal, usually hot, into desired shapes by the use of compressive force, with or without dies. Source: API SPEC 7-1, Specification for Rotary Drill Stem Elements, First Edition, March 2006 (Addendum April 2011). Global StandardsForging
Definition(s)
Forging
(1) Plastically deforming metal, usually hot, into desired shapes with compressive force, with or without dies. (2) A shaped metal part formed by the forging method. Source: API RP 7G, Recommended Practice for Drill Stem Design and Operating Limits, Upstream Segment, Sixteenth Edition, August 1998 (Addendum 2: September 2009). Global StandardsForging
(1) Plastically deforming metal, usually hot, into desired shapes with compressive force, with or without dies. (2) A shaped metal part formed by the forging method. Source: API SPEC 16C, Specification for Choke and Kill Systems, First Edition, January 1993 (Reaffirmed 2001). Global StandardsForging
(1) Plastically deforming metal, usually hot, into desired shapes with compressive force, with open or closed dies. (2) A shaped metal part formed by the forging method. Source: API SPEC 16RCD, Specification for Drill Through Equipment—Rotating Control Devices, Upstream Segment, First Edition, February 2005. Global StandardsForging, Noun
Definition(s)
Forging, (noun)
Shaped metal part formed by the forging method. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API STANDARD 16AR, Standard for Repair and Remanufacture of Drill-through Equipment, First Edition, April 2017. Global Standards Source: API SPEC 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Twentieth Edition, October 2010 (Addendum November 2012). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Third Edition, June 2004 (Errata/Supplement November 2004). Global StandardsForging, Noun 〈Product〉
Definition(s)
Forging, Noun 〈Product〉
Shaped metal part formed by the forging method. Source: API SPEC 7-1, Specification for Rotary Drill Stem Elements, First Edition, March 2006 (Addendum April 2011). Global StandardsForm
Definition(s)
Form
Essential shape of a product including all its component parts. Source: API SPEC 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Twentieth Edition, October 2010 (Addendum November 2012). Global Standards Source: API SPEC 14A, Specification for Subsurface Safety Valve Equipment, Eleventh Edition, October 2005 (Reaffirmed June 2012). Global StandardsForm
The essential shape of a product including its component parts. Source: API SPEC 16C, Specification for Choke and Kill Systems, First Edition, January 1993 (Reaffirmed 2001). Global StandardsForm
“Form” means form given in the First Schedule. Source: The Petroleum Rules, 1976, India, 1976. Regulations Source: The Petroleum Rules, 2002, India, 13th March 2002. RegulationsFormal Language
Definition(s)
Formal Language
set of words, semantics and logical rules with sound mathematical properties Note 1 to entry: Programming languages are an example of formal language with mathematical properties allowing them to be compiled into computer executable code. Note 2 to entry: Every reliability model has an underlying formal language behind the graphical elements (e.g. the Binary logic for Boolean models). Note 3 to entry: Specific formal languages have been developed to model the functioning and the dysfunctioning of industrial systems (e.g. AltaRica[11][12]). According to their powerfulness of modelling and their mathematical properties they can be compiled toward event trees, fault trees, Markov graphs, Petri nets, accident sequences, etc. Some of them can also be directly used for Monte Carlo simulation. Source: ISO/TR 12489:2013(E) Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems. Global StandardsFormation Breakdown
Definition(s)
Formation Breakdown
An event occurring when borehole pressure is of magnitude that the exposed formation accepts whole fluid from the borehole. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsFormation Competency
Definition(s)
Formation Competency (Formation Integrity)
The ability of the formation to withstand applied pressure. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsFormation Competency Test
Definition(s)
Formation Competency Test (Formation Integrity Test)
Application of pressure by superimposing a surface pressure on a fluid column in order to determine ability of a subsurface zone to withstand a certain hydrostatic pressure. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsFormation Fluids
Definition(s)
Formation Fluids
Fluids present within the pores, fractures, faults, vugs, caverns, or any other spaces of formations are called formation fluids whether or not they were naturally formed or injected therein. The physical state of formation fluids may be liquids or gases and include various types such as hydrocarbons, fresh or saline water, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc. Source: API STD 65 – Part 2, Isolating Potential Flow Zones During Well Construction, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, December 2010. Global StandardsFormation Fluids
Formation fluids as mentioned in the first subsection, also means hydrates and water under pressure. Source: Guidelines Regarding the Activities Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory GuidanceFormation Fracture Gradient
Definition(s)
Formation Fracture Gradient
The hydrostatic value expressed in psi/ft. that is required to initiate a fracture in a subsurface formation (geologic strata). Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global Standards Source: API RP 64, Recommended Practice for Diverter Systems Equipment and Operations, Second Edition, November 2001 (March 1, 2007). Global StandardsFormation Integrity
Definition(s)
Formation Integrity
See Formation Competency. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsFormation Integrity Test (FIT)
Definition(s)
Formation Integrity Test
Application of pressure by superimposing a surface pressure on a fluid column in order to determine ability of a subsurface zone to withstand a certain pressure. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global StandardsFormation Integrity Test
See Formation Competency Test. Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsFormation Pressure
Definition(s)
Formation Pressure (Pore Pressure)
Pressure exerted by fluids within the pores of the formation (see Pore Pressure). Source: API RP 59, Recommended Practice for Well Control Operations, Second Edition, May 2006. Global StandardsFormation Pressure
The pressure at the bottom of a well when shut-in at the wellhead. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsFormation Strength
Definition(s)
Formation Strength
Pressure that the formation can withstand. Source: ISO 16530-1:2017, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Well integrity – Part 1: Life cycle governance, First Edition, March 2017. Global StandardsFormation Tester
Definition(s)
Formation Tester
A tool run on wireline for the purpose of pressure measurement and the extraction and identification of formation fluid samples. Source: API RP 67, Recommended Practice for Oilfield Explosives Safety, Upstream Segment, Second Edition, May 2007. Global StandardsFormation Water
Definition(s)
Formation Water
Salt water underlying gas and oil in the formation. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global StandardsFOSV (Full-opening safety valve)
Definition(s)
FOSV
Full-opening safety valve. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global Standards Source: Deepwater Well Control Guidelines. IADC GuidelinesFoundation
Definition(s)
Foundation
Soil and spudcan supporting a jack-up leg. Source: ISO 19905-1:202, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units – Part 1: Jack-ups. Global StandardsFoundation
A device transferring loads from a heavy or loaded object to the vessel structure. Source: Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD Method, Det Norske Veritas, April 2011. Global StandardsFoundation Fixity
Definition(s)
Foundation Fixity
Also called spudcan-soil rotational stiffness, is the rotational restraint offered by the soil supporting the foundation.
Source: ABS Guidance Notes on Geotechnical Performance of Spudcan Foundations, January 2017. Global StandardsFoundation Fixity
Rotational restraint offered by the soil to the spudcan. Source: ISO 19905-1:202, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units – Part 1: Jack-ups. Global StandardsFoundation Stability
Definition(s)
Foundation Stability
Ability of the foundation to provide sufficient support to remain stable when subjected to actions and incremental deformation. Source: ISO 19905-1:202, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units – Part 1: Jack-ups. Global StandardsFoundation Utilization
Definition(s)
Foundation Utilization
Maximum value of the ratio of the generalized representation of the assessment action effect to the generalized representation of the assessment resistance in compatible units. NOTE 1 The utilization is the maximum absolute value of the ratio for each limit state and assessment situation being considered. NOTE 2 Only utilizations smaller than or equal to 1,0 satisfy the assessment criteria for a particular limit state. NOTE 3 The assessment action effect is the response to the factored actions. The assessment resistance is the representative resistance divided by the partial resistance factor. NOTE 4 For members and foundations subjected to combined forces, the internal force pattern and the resistance combine into an interaction equation. If the interaction equation governing the assessment check is, or can be, reduced to an inequality of the form U ≤ 1,0, then the utilization is equal to U. NOTE 5 Adapted from ISO 19902:2007, definition 3.56. Source: ISO 19905-1:202, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units – Part 1: Jack-ups. Global StandardsFp
Definition(s)
Fp
Pad eye total vertical load.
Source: API Standard 2CCU, Offshore Cargo Carrying Units, First Edition, August 2017. Global StandardsFPB
Definition(s)
FPB
Four-point bend. Source: API TR 1PER15K-1, Protocol for Verification and Validation of High-pressure High-temperature Equipment, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsFPS
Definition(s)
FPS
Floating production system. Source: API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems, Second Edition, September 2013. Global Standards Source: API RP 2FB, Recommended Practice for the Design of Offshore Facilities Against Fire and Blast Loading, First Edition, April 2006. Global Standards API RP 500, Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I, Division 1 and Division 2, Third Edition, December 2012, Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards Source: API RP 17A, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems—General Requirements and Recommendations, Fourth Edition, Reaffirmed 2011. Global Standards Source: API RP 17B, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe, Fourth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards Source: Deepwater Well Control Guidelines. IADC Guidelines Source: ISO 19901-7:2013, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Specific requirements for offshore structures – Part 7: Stationkeeping systems for floating offshore structures and mobile offshore units. Global StandardsFPSO
Definition(s)
FPSO
Floating Production Storage and Offloading System . Source: API RP 2FB, Recommended Practice for the Design of Offshore Facilities Against Fire and Blast Loading, First Edition, April 2006. Global StandardsFPSO
Floating production storage offloading. API RP 500, Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I, Division 1 and Division 2, Third Edition, December 2012, Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global StandardsFPSO
Floating Production Storage and Offloading.4, Source: API RP 17B, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe, Fourth Edition, July 2008. Global Standards Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory GuidanceFPSO
Floating Production, Storage and Offloading. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory GuidanceFPSO
Floating production, storage and offloading structure. Source: ISO 19901-7:2013, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Specific requirements for offshore structures – Part 7: Stationkeeping systems for floating offshore structures and mobile offshore units. Global StandardsFPU
Definition(s)
FPU
Floating production unit. API RP 500, Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I, Division 1 and Division 2, Third Edition, December 2012, Global Standards Source: API RP 14F, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class 1, Division 1 and Division 2 Locations, Fifth Edition, July 2008. Global StandardsFR
Definition(s)
FR
Federal Register. Source: API RP 49, Recommended Practice for Drilling and Well Servicing Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide, Third Edition, May 2001. Global Standardsfr
Reduction factor.
Source: ABS Guidance Notes on Geotechnical Performance of Spudcan Foundations, January 2017. Global Standards