Gas

Gas

Definition(s)

Gas

“Gas” means natural gas and includes all substances, other than oil, that are produced in association with natural gas. Source: Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. O-7, Canada, current to April 29, 2013. Legislation Source:  Canada Petroleum Resources Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 36 (2nd Supp.), current to April 29, 2013. Legislation Source: Drilling and Production Guidelines, The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, March 31, 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

Gas

“Gas” means natural gas and includes all substances, other than oil, that are produced in association with natural gas, but does not include coal-bed methane associated with the development or operation of a coal mine; gaz. Source: Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Resources Accord Implementation Act, S.C. 1988, c. 28, Canada, current to May 26, 2013. Legislation

Gas

"Gas" means and includes all natural gas and all other fluid hydrocarbons not hereinbelow defined as oil. Source: Control of Oil and Gas Resources, North Dakota Century Code, Title 38, Chapter 8, February 2013. Legislation  

Gas

"Gas" means any petroleum hydrocarbon existing in the gaseous phase.
  1. Casinghead gas means any gas or vapor, or both, indigenous to an oil stratum and produced from such stratum with oil.
  2. Dry gas or dry natural gas means any gas produced in which there are no appreciable hydrocarbon liquids recoverable by separation at the wellhead.
  3. Condensate gas means any gas which is produced with condensate as defined as "condensate".
Source: Corporation Commission, Oil and Gas Conservation, Oklahoma Administrative Code 165:10, February 2013. Regulations  

Gas

A fluid, such as air, that has neither independent shape nor volume, but tends to expand indefinitely. Source: CPetroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. Regulations  

Gas

“Gas” means all natural gas and all other fluid hydrocarbons not defined below as oil, including condensate. Source: Division of Mineral Resources Management - Oil and Gas, Ohio Administrative Code, Chapter 1501:9, January 2012. Regulations  

Gas

State of matter that has no definite shape or volume. Source: IADC UBO / MPD Glossary, December 2011. Global Standards  

Gas

“Gas” means all natural gas and all other fluid hydrocarbons not defined below as oil, including condensate. Source: National Energy Board Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. N-7, Canada, current to April 29, 2013. Legislation  

Gas

Person, Producer, Gas, and Products―shall have the meaning prescribed for each of said words as defined in R.S. 30:3. Source: Natural Resources, Office of Conservation – General Operations, Louisiana Administrative Code, Title 43, Part XIX, March 2013. Regulations  

Gas

The words POOL, PERSON, OWNER, PRODUCER, OIL, GAS, WASTE, CORRELATIVE RIGHTS and COMMON SOURCE OF SUPPLY are defined by the Act, and said definitions are hereby adopted in these Rules and Regulations. From C.R.S. 34-60-103 (2012): "Gas" means all natural gases and all hydrocarbons not defined in this section as oil. Source: Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, Practice and Procedure, Code of Colorado Regulations, 2 CCR 404-1, February 2013. Regulations  

Gas

“Gas”, also known as natural gas, means a combustible vapor composed chiefly of hydrocarbons occurring naturally in a pool the division has classified as a gas pool. Source: Oil and Gas, New Mexico Administrative Code Title 19, Chapter 15, January 2013. Regulations  

Gas

“Gas” means any substance which is gaseous at a temperature of 15°C and a pressure of 101.325 kPa (1013.25 mb). For the purposes of paragraphs (2) and (4), references to gas include any substance which consists wholly or mainly of gas. Source: The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (Application outside Great Britain) Order 2001, UK S.I. 2013/214, 2013. Regulations  

Gas

In this section “gas” means any substance which is or (if it were in a gaseous state) would be gas within the meaning of Part I of the Gas Act 1986. Source: UK Offshore Safety Act 1992, 1992 c. 15 (February 2013). Legislation  
Field

Field

Definition(s)

Field

“Field”
  1. means a general surface area underlain or appearing to be underlain by one or more pools, and
  2. includes the subsurface regions vertically beneath the general surface area referred to in paragraph (a); champ.
Source: Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Resources Accord Implementation Act, S.C. 1988, c. 28, Canada, current to May 26, 2013. Legislation

Field

  1. the general surface area or areas underlain or appearing to be underlain by one or more pools, or
  2. the subsurface regions vertically beneath the surface area or areas (champ).
Source: Canada Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Regulations, C.R.C., c. 1517, February 2013. Regulations Source: Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. O-7, Canada, current to April 29, 2013. Legislation   Field “Field” means a general surface area underlain or appearing to be underlain by one or more pools, and includes the subsurface regions vertically beneath the general surface area. Source: Drilling and Production Guidelines, The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, March 31, 2011. Regulatory Guidance

Field

"Field" means the general area underlaid by one or more pools. Source: Control of Oil and Gas Resources, North Dakota Century Code, Title 38, Chapter 8, February 2013. Legislation  

Field

"Field" means the general area underlaid by one or more common sources of supply. Source: Corporation Commission, Oil and Gas Conservation, Oklahoma Administrative Code 165:10, February 2013. Regulations  

Field

“Field” means the general area underlaid by one or more pools. Source: Division of Mineral Resources Management - Oil and Gas, Ohio Administrative Code, Chapter 1501:9, January 2012. Regulations  

Field

Field―the general area which is underlaid or appears to be underlaid by at least one pool or reservoir of oil as designated by monthly proration schedules issued by the Office of Conservation of the state of Louisiana. Source: Natural Resources, Office of Conservation – General Operations, Louisiana Administrative Code, Title 43, Part XIX, March 2013. Regulations  

Field

Field, Month, and Calendar Month―shall have the meaning prescribed for each of said words, respectively, in Part XIX, Subpart 3, §903 promulgated by the commissioner of conservation on December 16, 1940. Source: Natural Resources, Office of Conservation – General Operations, Louisiana Administrative Code, Title 43, Part XIX, March 2013. Regulations  

Field

FIELD shall mean the general area which is underlaid or appears to be underlaid by at least one pool; and “field”  shall include the underground reservoir or reservoirs containing oil or gas or both. The words “field”  and “pool”  mean the same thing when only one underground reservoir is involved; however, “field”  , unlike “pool”  , may relate to two or more pools. Source: Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, Practice and Procedure, Code of Colorado Regulations, 2 CCR 404-1, February 2013. Regulations  

Field

“Field” means the general area that at least one pool underlays or appears to underlay; and also includes the underground reservoir or reservoirs containing oil or gas.  The words field and pool mean the same thing when only one underground reservoir is involved; however, field unlike pool may relate to two or more pools. Source: Oil and Gas, New Mexico Administrative Code Title 19, Chapter 15, January 2013. Regulations  

Field

Field, in relation to a field development plan, means an area within the licence area that is subject to the plan. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Resource Management and Administration) Regulations 2011 (Select Legislative Instrument 2011 No. 54 as amended), Australia, prepared on 1 January 2012. Regulations  

Field

The term "field" is continued in the new regulations, inter alia to ensure delimitation of the areas that naturally form an entity for such co-ordination. Source: Guidelines Regarding the Activities Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory Guidance
Summary

Summary

Definition(s)

Summary

Summary: a brief and comprehensive presentation of facts or statements; an abstract, compendium, or epitome (The Macquarie Dictionary Online © 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Content and Level of Detail, N-04300-GN0106, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  
Specify

Specify

Definition(s)

Specify

Specify: to mention or name specifically or definitely; state in detail (The Macquarie Dictionary Online © 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Content and Level of Detail, N-04300-GN0106, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  
Provide For

Provide For

Definition(s)

Provide for

Provide for: to make arrangements for supplying means of (The Macquarie Dictionary Online © 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Content and Level of Detail, N-04300-GN0106, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  
Integrated

Integrated

Definition(s)

Integrated

Integrated: to make up or complete as a whole, as parts do (The Macquarie Dictionary Online © 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Content and Level of Detail, N-04300-GN0106, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance
Include

Include

Definition(s)

Include

Include: to contain, embrace, or comprise, as a whole does parts or any part or element; to contain as a subordinate element; involve as a factor (The Macquarie Dictionary Online © 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Content and Level of Detail, N-04300-GN0106, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance
Detail

Detail

Definition(s)

Detail

Detail: particulars collectively; minutiae; item by item (The Macquarie Dictionary Online © 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Content and Level of Detail, N-04300-GN0106, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance
Evidence

Evidence

Definition(s)

Evidence

Evidence: ground for belief; that which tends to prove or disprove something; proof (The Macquarie Dictionary Online © 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Content and Level of Detail, N-04300-GN0106, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance
Demonstrate

Demonstrate

Definition(s)

Demonstrate

Demonstrate means evidence of concrete actions undertaken for fulfilling requirements of these Rules. Source: Guidance Notes on Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules, 2008, Oil Industry Safety Directorate (India), 2012. Regulatory Guidance

Demonstrate

Demonstrate: to describe and explain with the help of specimens; to manifest or exhibit (The Macquarie Dictionary Online © 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Content and Level of Detail, N-04300-GN0106, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance
Consider

Consider

Definition(s)

Consider

Consider: to make allowance for; to regard with consideration or respect (The Macquarie Dictionary Online © 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Content and Level of Detail, N-04300-GN0106, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance
Comprehensive

Comprehensive

Definition(s)

Comprehensive

Comprehensive: inclusive; comprehending much; of large scope (The Macquarie Dictionary Online © 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Content and Level of Detail, N-04300-GN0106, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance
Appropriate

Appropriate

Definition(s)

Appropriate

Appropriate: suitable or fitting for a particular purpose, person, occasion, etc. (The Macquarie Dictionary Online © 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Content and Level of Detail, N-04300-GN0106, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  

Appropriate

In this regulation “appropriate” means appropriate having regard to the nature and magnitude of the risks to the safety and health of the employee created by the relevant work. Source: The Offshore Installations and Pipeline Works (Management and Administration) Regulations 1995, UK S.I. 1995/738, 1995. Regulations  

Appropriate

In this regulation “appropriate” means appropriate having regard to the nature and magnitude of the risks to the safety and health of the person referred to in paragraph (1). Source: The Borehole Sites and Operations Regulations 1995, UK S.I. 1995/2038, 1995. Regulations
Adequate

Adequate

Definition(s)

Adequate

Adequate: equal to the requirement or occasion; fully sufficient, suitable or fit (The Macquarie Dictionary Online © 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Content and Level of Detail, N-04300-GN0106, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  

Adequate

  1. in relation to ventilation, means where the concentration of the inflammable gas in gas-air mixture does not reach the lower inflammable limit, or
  2. where applied to provision of facilities for fire-fighting means the facilities so provided are in accordance with the prevalent recognized standards or codes safety.
Source: The Petroleum Rules, 2002, India, 13th March 2002. Regulations Source: The Petroleum Rules, 1976, India, 1976. Regulations
Systematic

Systematic

Definition(s)

Systematic

Systematic: having, showing, or involving a system, method, or plan (The Macquarie Dictionary Online © 2007). Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Content and Level of Detail, N-04300-GN0106, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  
Significant Cumulative Change

Significant Cumulative Change

Definition(s)

Significant cumulative change

In relation to overall level of risk of major accident events, means a change in the level of risk that is likely to change the basis on which the safety case was accepted. Note: The obligation is on the operator to establish what constitutes change in these contexts. If in doubt, operators are welcome to discuss prospective changes with NOPSEMA. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  
Significant Change

Significant Change

Definition(s)

Significant change

A significant change is likely to be one that changes the basis on which the safety case was accepted. In relation to a safety management system, "significant change" means a change to the whole of, or a major part of, the safety management system that would warrant a change to the description of the SMS in the safety case. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  
Decommissioning

Decommissioning

Definition(s)

Decommissioning

Decommissioning is the process followed by the owner/operator of an offshore oil and/or gas facility to plan for, gain approval, and then implement the removal, disposal, or reuse of the platform structure, equipment, and associated pipelines and wells. Source: API RP 2SIM, Structural Integrity Management of Fixed Offshore Structures, First Edition, November 2014. Global Standards

Decommissioning

A process followed to plan, gain approval for, and implement the removal, disposal, or reuse of the platform structure, equipment, and associated pipelines and wells. Source: API RP 2SIM, Structural Integrity Management of Fixed Offshore Structures, First Edition, November 2014. Global Standards

Decommissioning

Process of shutting down a platform and removing it from its current location at the end of its service life. Source: ISO 19900:2013, Petroleum and natural gas industries – General requirements for offshore structures. Global Standards

Decommissioning

In relation to a facility, means activities conducted to remove a facility from service. Note that for some facilities there may not be a decommissioning stage – e.g. construction or accommodation vessels. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  

Decommissioning

Activity to bring a lifting appliance out of operation after it has served its purpose. Source: Verification of Lifting Appliances for the Oil and Gas Industry, DNV-OSS-308, October 2010, Det Norske Veritas AS, Global Standards
SMS

SMS

Definition(s)

SMS

Security Management System .

Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global Standards

SMS

Safety Management System. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Risk Assessment, N-04300-GN0165, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response on Offshore Installations, Offshore Installations (Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response) Regulations 1995, Approved Code of Practice and guidance (UK HSE L65), Second Edition, 1997. Regulatory Guidance Source: A Guide to the Offshore Installations and Pipelines Works (Management and Administration) Regulations 1995, Guidance on Regulations (UK HSE L70), Second Edition, 2002. Regulatory Guidance Source: Safety Plan Guidelines, The Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, and National Energy Board, Canada, March 31, 2011. Regulatory Guidance
PTW

PTW

Definition(s)

PTW

Permit to Work. Source: API RP 2D, Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Cranes, Seventh Edition, December 2014. Global Standards Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Noise Management—Principles of Assessment and Control, N-09000-GN0401, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global Standards  
OHS

OHS

Definition(s)

OHS

Occupational Health and Safety. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance
OPGGS(S)

OPGGS(S)

Definition(s)

OPGGS(S)

Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Safety) Regulations 2009. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  
OPGGSA

OPGGSA

Definition(s)

OPGGSA

Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  
NOPSEMA

NOPSEMA

Definition(s)

NOPSEMA

National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority. Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance  

NOPSEMA

NOPSEMA means the National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation  

NOPSEMA

NOPSEMA means the National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority—see section 7. Source: Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006, Australia, amended 2012. Legislation
MAE

MAE

Definition(s)

MAE

Major Accident Event. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Safety Management Systems, N04300-GN1052, Australia, Revision 0, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance    
FSA

FSA

Definition(s)

FSA

Formal Safety Assessment. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC Guidelines Source: NOPSEMA Guidance note: Safety Case Lifecycle Management, N04300-GN0087, Australia, Revision 5, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: ALARP, N-04300-GN0166, Australia, Revision 4, December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: NOPSEMA Guidance Note: Control Measures and Performance Standards, N-04300 GN0271, Australia, Revision 3, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  

FSA

Value equal to the local peak alternating stress in a component (including welds) divided by the nominal alternating stress in the pipe wall at the location of the  component. NOTE This factor is used to account for the increase in the stresses caused by geometric stress amplifiers that occur in riser components. Source: ISO 13624-1:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Drilling and production equipment – Part 1:Design and operation of marine drilling riser equipment. Global Standards  
JTP

JTP

Definition(s)

Joint Technical Paper (JTP)

A document produced by the Joint Authority in response to a preliminary Field Development Plan. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance
Themed Audit

Themed Audit

Definition(s)

Themed audit

A particular form of inspection, described in the relevant regulatory process. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  
Submit

Submit

Definition(s)

Submit (a document)

Formally transmit a document to NOPSEMA for the purpose of assessment under one of the listed laws, leading to an enforcement decision concerning its acceptability. Any other documents provided to or obtained by NOPSEMA or its OHS inspectors are not regarded as submitted and are not assessed. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance  
SPAE

SPAE

Definition(s)

Significant pipeline accident event (SPAE)

Term previously used by the Petroleum (Submerged Lands) (Pipelines) Regulations 2001, but not defined there, with similar implications to major accident event. Now only mentioned in the “object” of those regulations and no longer used by NOPSEMA. Source: NOPSEMA Guideline – Glossary – Regulatory Operations, N-09000-GL0326, Australia, Revision 5, December 2011. Regulatory Guidance