Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
SSR
Definition(s)
SSR
Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996. Source: Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response on Offshore Installations, Offshore Installations (Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response) Regulations 1995, Approved Code of Practice and guidance (UK HSE L65), Second Edition, 1997. Regulatory GuidanceStability Instrument
Definition(s)
Stability Instrument
A stability instrument is an instrument installed on board a particular ship by means of which it can be ascertained that stability requirements specified for the ship in Stability Booklet are met in any operational loading condition. A stability instrument comprises hardware and software. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1229, Guidelines for the approval of stability instruments, 11 January 2007, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance Source: IMO resolution MSC.267(85), International Code on Intact Stability, 2008 (2008 IS Code), 4 December 2008, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory Guidance Source: IMO Resolution MSC.267(85), adoption of the International Code on Intact Stability, 2008 (2008 IS Code), 4 December 2008, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceStakeholder
Definition(s)
Stakeholder
A person or organization that is affected or can be affected by an organization's actions and policies. Source: API RP 96, Deepwater Well Design and Construction, First Edition, March 2013. Global StandardsStakeholder
An individual or organization having a right, share, claim or interest in a system. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1512, Guideline on Software Quality Assurance and Human-Centred Design for e-navigation, 8 June 2015, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceStakeholder
Person or organization that can affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by a decision or activity. NOTE A decision maker can be a stakeholder. Source: ISO Guide 73:2009(E/F), Risk Management – Vocabulary, First Edition, 2009. Global StandardsStakeholder
<risk management> person or organization that can affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by a decision or activity. [ISO Guide 73:2009] Source: ISO/IEC 27032:2015, Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for cybersecurity, First Edition, July 2012. Global StandardsStakeholder
<system> individual or organization having a right, share, claim or interest in a system or in its possession of characteristics that meet their needs and expectations [ISO/IEC 12207:2008] Source: ISO/IEC 27032:2015, Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for cybersecurity, First Edition, July 2012. Global StandardsStakeholder
Person or organization that can affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by a decision or activity. [SOURCE: ISO Guide 73:2009]. Source: ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary, Third Edition, January 2014. Global StandardsStand-By Vessel
Definition(s)
Stand-By Vessel
Like the Petroleum Act, the Working Environment Act will apply to facilities in the petroleum activities. The term facility is the same as is used in the Petroleum Act, cf. the definition in Section 1-6, litera d of the Petroleum Act. The Working Environment Act has a different, narrower application for vessels than the Petroleum Act, but in the determination of what constitutes a facility and what constitutes a vessel, the same criteria as follow from the petroleum legislation form the basis. Reference is here made to the delimitation in the Petroleum Act in connection with Section 1-4 cf. Section 1-6 litera c, which further limits what vessels can be considered supply and standby vessels, cf. Odelsting Proposition No. 43 (1995-1996), pages 27 and 28. The term includes, in addition to vessels that transport personnel and equipment, crane barges and other service vessels, vessels used to carry out manned underwater operations, pipe-laying vessels, vessels that carry out seismic surveys, etc. On the other hand, e.g. mobile drilling facilities, drilling or production vessels, flotels, etc. will clearly be covered by the term facility. As follows from the second subsection, however, certain restrictions have been set in the actual scope in relation to the Petroleum Act, which entails that the Working Environment Act will have a somewhat more limited application as regards the vessel function. Source: Guidelines Regarding the Framework Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory GuidanceStand-By Vessel
“Standby vessel” means any vessel that is so designated and meets the requirements of section 17.15. Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Occupational Health & Safety Requirements, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, December 2000. RegulationsStandard Fire Test
Definition(s)
Standard Fire Test
Standard Fire Test means the test in which specimens of the relevant bulkheads or decks, having a surface of approximately 4.65 square meters (50 square feet) and a height of 2.44 meters (8 feet) resembling as closely as possible the intended construction and including, where appropriate, at least one joint, are exposed in a test furnace to a series of temperature relationships approximately as follows: (1) At the end of 5 minutes, 538 °C. (1,000 °F.) (2) At the end of 10 minutes, 704 °C. (1,300 °F.) (3) At the end of 30 minutes, 843 °C. (1,550 °F.) (4) At the end of 60 minutes, 927 °C. (1,700 °F.). Source: Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, 46 CFR 107-109 (2013). RegulationsStandard Fire Test
Standard fire test means a test in which specimens are exposed in a test furnace to temperatures corresponding approximately to the standard time-temperature curve. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.307(88), International Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures, 2010 (2010 FTP Code), 3 December 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceStandard Fire Test
A standard fire test is one in which the specimens of the relevant bulkheads and decks are exposed in a test furnace to temperatures corresponding approximately to the standard time-temperature curve. The test methods shall be in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code. <Chapter II-2, Part A, regulation 3>. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.57(67), adoption of amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, 5 December 1996, International Maritime Organization. LegislationStandard Fire Test
“Standard fire test” means a test conducted in accordance with Regulation 3.2 of Chapter II-2 of International Maritime Organization International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea; essai standard de résistance au feu. Source: Canada Oil and Gas Installations Regulations, SOR/96-111, Canada, current to May 1, 2014. Regulations Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Installations Regulations, SOR/95-191, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. RegulationsStandard Fire Test
A standard fire test is a test in which specimens of the relevant bulkheads or decks are exposed in a test furnace to temperatures corresponding approximately to the standard time-temperature curve in accordance with the test method specified in the Fire Test Procedures Code. The specimen is to have an exposed surface of not less than 4,65 m2 and height (or length of deck) of 2,44 m resembling as closely as possible the intended construction and including where appropriate at least one joint. The standard time-temperature curve is defined by a smooth curve drawn through the following temperature points measured above the initial furnace temperature: At the end of the first 5 minutes - 576°C At the end of the first 10 minutes - 679°C At the end of the first 15 minutes - 738°C At the end of the first 30 minutes - 841°C At the end of the first 60 minutes - 945°C. Source: Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Mobile Offshore Units, Part 7, Safety Systems, Hazardous Areas and Fire, June 2013, Lloyd’s Register, Global StandardsStandard Orientation
Definition(s)
Standard Orientation <water mist nozzles>
in the case of nozzles with symmetrical heat-responsive elements supported by frame arms, standard orientation is with the air flow perpendicular to both the axis of the nozzle's inlet and the plane of the frame arms. In the case of non-symmetrical heat-responsive elements, standard orientation is with the air flow perpendicular to both the inlet axis and the plane of the frame arms which produces the shortest response time. Source: Resolution A.800(19), Revised Guidelines for Approval of Sprinkler Systems Equivalent to that Referred to in SOLAS Regulation 11-2/12, 23 November 1995, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceStandardized Cargo
Definition(s)
Standardized Cargo
Standardized cargo means cargo for which the ship is provided with an approved securing system based upon cargo units of specific types. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1353, Revised Guidelines for the preparation of the Cargo Securing Manual, 30 June 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceStanding or Stationed
Definition(s)
Standing or Stationed
The term ‘standing or stationed’ indicates a degree of permanence. A Guide to the Offshore Installations and Pipelines Works (Management and Administration) Regulations 1995, Guidance on Regulations (UK HSE L70), Second Edition, 2002. Regulatory GuidanceStates
Definition(s)
States
States means coastal, port or Member States as appropriate. Source: Resolution MEPC.207(62), 2011 Guidelines for the control and management of ships' biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species, 15 July 2011, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceStatic Error
Definition(s)
Static Error
Static error: error which is caused by any reason and which stays unchanged in value during the operation of the system. This error should be measured under static conditions. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.116(73), Recommendation on Performance Standards for Marine Transmitting Heading Devices (THDs), 1 December 2000, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceStatus
Definition(s)
Status
Status as mentioned in the second subsection, means, inter alia, the backlog of preventive maintenance and the outstanding corrective maintenance. Source: Guidelines Regarding the Activities Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory Guidance Source: Guidelines Regarding the Technical and Operational Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory GuidanceSTCW
Definition(s)
STCW
STCW means the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, as amended. Source: IMO resolution A.1021(26), Guidelines for ships operating in polar waters, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceSteering Gear Alarm
Definition(s)
Steering Gear Alarm
An alarm which indicates a malfunction or other abnormal condition of the steering gear system, e.g., overload alarm, phase failure alarm, no-voltage alarm and hydraulic oil tank low-level alarm. Source: IMO resolution A.1021(26), Code on Alarms and Indicators, 2009, 18 January 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceStoppage Of An Operation
Definition(s)
Stoppage Of An Operation
Formal prohibition against a ship to continue an operation due to an identified deficiency(ies) which, singly or together, render the continuation of such operation hazardous. Source: IMO resolution A.1052(27), Procedures for Port State Control, 2011, 201 December 2011, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceStorage Displacement Water
Definition(s)
Storage Displacement Water
Storage displacement water is water that is pumped into and out of oil storage chambers on certain types of production installations during oil production and offloading operations. Source: Offshore Waste Treatment Guidelines, The Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, and National Energy Board, Canada, December 15, 2010. Regulatory GuidanceStrategic Foresight
Definition(s)
Strategic Foresight
Range of activities associated with longer range planning and alternative futures analysis. Sample Usage: The organization’s strategic foresight initiative called for horizon scanning and analysis of the long-term implications of security policies. Annotation: Strategic foresight can be applied to activities such as scenario development, critical thinking and brainstorming about long-term trends, Delphi sessions, workshops, trend analysis and gaming (or "war-gaming"). Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory GuidanceStrategic Risk
Definition(s)
Strategic Risk
Risk that affects an entity’s vital interests or execution of chosen strategy, whether imposed by external threats or arising from flawed or poorly implemented strategy. Sample Usage: An analysis of the organization's strategic risk considered threats to carrying out its essential mission functions. Annotation:- Managing strategic risk is associated with the ability to recognize future trends, challenges, and threats and match these with appropriate operational concepts, capabilities, competencies, and capacity.
- Strategic risk can arise from three basic sources. First, strategic risk can arise from the actions of adversaries, from natural hazards or from non-adversarial human actions, such as accidents. These can be thought of as imposed risks. Second, strategic risk can be created by the unintended consequences of the strategies we adopt in response to imposed risks. These can be thought of as self-imposed risks. Finally, strategic risk can arise from obstacles to successful implementation of an adopted strategy. These obstacles can be either imposed (e.g., the actions of an adaptive adversary to counter a security measure or to exploit an unintended vulnerability created by a security measure) or self-imposed (e.g., failure to adequately resource, or to prematurely abandon, a strategy or course of action that would otherwise be beneficial.
Stringers
Definition(s)
Stringers
Stringers are the uprights or sides of a ladder. Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1352, amendments to the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing (CSS Code), 30 June 2010, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceStringer
Stringer means: .1 the frame of a ladder; or .2 the stiffened horizontal plating structure fitted on the side shell, transverse bulkheads and/or longitudinal bulkheads in the space. For the purpose of ballast tanks of less than 5 m width forming double side spaces, the horizontal plating structure is credited as a stringer and a longitudinal permanent means of access, if it provides a continuous passage of 600 mm or more in width past frames or stiffeners on the side shell or longitudinal bulkhead. Openings in stringer plating utilized as permanent means of access shall be arranged with guard rails or grid covers to provide safe passage on the stringer or safe access to each transverse web. Source: IMO Resolution MSC.158(78), amendments to the Technical provisions for means of access for inspections (Resolution MSC.133(76)), 20 May 2004, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceSub-Area
Definition(s)
Sub-Area
Sub-Area means a sub-division of a METAREA in which a number of countries have established a coordinated system for the promulgation of marine meteorological information. The delimitation of such areas is not related to and should not prejudice the delimitation of any boundaries between States. Source: IMO resolution A.1051(27), IMO/WMO Worldwide Met-Ocean Information and Warning Service ‒ Guidance Document, 20 December 2011, International Maritime Organization. Regulatory GuidanceSubject Matter Expert ω:
Definition(s)
Subject Matter Expert ω:
Individual with in-depth knowledge in a specific area or field. Sample Usage: A subject matter expert was consulted to inform team members on improvised nuclear devices. Annotation: Structured techniques for the elicitation of expert judgment are key tools for risk assessment. Subject matter experts are also used to supplement empirical data when needed, or to provide input on specialized subject areas for the purposes of designing and executing risk assessments. Frequently abbreviated as SME. Source: DHS Risk Lexicon, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010 Edition. September 2010 Regulatory GuidanceSubjective Probability
Definition(s)
Subjective Probability
Interpretation or estimate of probability as a personal judgment or ―degree of belief‖ about how likely a particular event is to occur, based on the state of knowledge and available evidence Sample Usage: Analysts use their knowledge of terrorist strategies, objectives, and capabilities in combination with evidence from operations to estimate a subjective probability of 10 percent for an attack to occur within the next five years. Annotation:- Like all probabilities, subjective probability is conventionally expressed on a scale from zero to one where zero indicates the event is impossible and one indicates the event has or certainly will occur.
- Within the subjective probability interpretation, it is possible to estimate probabilities of events (using experts or models) that have not previously occurred or that have only rarely occurred, such as acts of terrorism. However, because subjective probabilities incorporate historical or trial data when available, the subjective probability will approximate the frequentist probability as data becomes more plentiful.
- Subjective probability is currently one of the most common uses of probability among statisticians and the risk analysis community.
- Bayesian probability is colloquially used as a synonym for subjective probability. In statistical usage, Bayesian probabilistic inference is an approach to statistical inference that employs Bayes’ theorem to revise prior information using evidence.