Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Zone 21
Definition(s)
Zone 21
Area in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of dust in air is likely to occur, occasionally, in normal operation. Source: IEC 60079-14:2013, Explosive atmospheres – Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection, Edition 5.0, November 2013. Global StandardsZone 20
Definition(s)
Zone 20
Area in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of dust in air is present continuously, or for long periods or frequently. Source: IEC 60079-14:2013, Explosive atmospheres – Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection, Edition 5.0, November 2013. Global StandardsZones
Definition(s)
Zones
Hazardous areas classified into zones based upon the frequency of the occurrence and duration of an explosive atmosphere. Source: IEC 60079-14:2013, Explosive atmospheres – Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection, Edition 5.0, November 2013. Global StandardsMaximum Permissible Surface Temperature
Definition(s)
Maximum Permissible Surface Temperature
Highest temperature that a surface of electrical equipment is allowed to reach in practical service to avoid ignition. Source: IEC 60079-14:2013, Explosive atmospheres – Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection, Edition 5.0, November 2013. Global StandardsHybrid Mixture
Definition(s)
Hybrid Mixture
Mixture of a flammable gas or vapour with a combustible dust. Source: IEC 60079-14:2013, Explosive atmospheres – Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection, Edition 5.0, November 2013. Global StandardsGroup
Definition(s)
Group
Group of electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres> classification of electrical equipment related to the explosive atmosphere for which it is to be used Note 1 to entry: Electrical equipment for use in explosive atmospheres is divided into three groups:- Group I: electrical equipment for mines susceptible to firedamp;
- Group II (which can be divided into subgroups): electrical equipment for places with an explosive gas atmosphere, other than mines susceptible to firedamp;
- Group III (which can be divided into subgroups): electrical equipment for places with an explosive dust atmosphere.
Electrical Equipment and Power Systems
Definition(s)
Electrical Equipment and Power Systems
Electrical equipment and power systems include all plant and apparatus designed for the generation, conversion, storage, distribution, transformation or use of electricity. Source: International Association of Drilling Contractors, Appendix 2 to Health, Safety and Environment Case Guidelines for Offshore Drilling Contractors, Issue 3.3.2, February 2010. IADC. GuidelinesVerification Dossier
Definition(s)
Verification Dossier
Set of documents showing the compliance of electrical equipment and installations. Source: IEC 60079-14:2013, Explosive atmospheres – Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection, Edition 5.0, November 2013. Global StandardsCompetent Body
Definition(s)
Competent Body
Individual or organization which can demonstrate appropriate technical knowledge and relevant skills to make the necessary assessments of the safety aspect under consideration. Source: IEC 60079-14:2013, Explosive atmospheres – Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection, Edition 5.0, November 2013. Global StandardsZombie
Definition(s)
Zombie
Computer containing hidden software that enables the machine to be controlled remotely, usually to perform an attack on another computer.- NOTE Generally, a compromised machine is only one of many in a botnet, and will be used to perform malicious activities under remote direction.
Zombie
A computer connected to the Internet that has been surreptitiously / secretly compromised with malicious logic to perform activities under remote the command and control of a remote administrator. Extended Definition: A member of a larger collection of compromised computers known as a botnet. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsWorm
Definition(s)
Worm
A self-replicating, self-propagating, self-contained program that uses networking mechanisms to spread itself. From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsWorm
Computer program that can run independently, can propagate a complete working version of itself onto other hosts on a network, and may consume computer resources destructively [11]. Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National StandardWork Factor
Definition(s)
Work Factor
An estimate of the effort or time needed by a potential adversary, with specified expertise and resources, to overcome a protective measure. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsWhitelist
Definition(s)
Whitelist
A list of entities that are considered trustworthy and are granted access or privileges. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsWhite Team
Definition(s)
White Team
A group responsible for refereeing an engagement between a Red Team of mock attackers and a Blue Team of actual defenders of information systems. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsWeakness
Definition(s)
Weakness
A shortcoming or imperfection in software code, design, architecture, or deployment that, under proper conditions, could become a vulnerability or contribute to the introduction of vulnerabilities. Adapted from: ITU-T X.1520 CWE, FY 2013 CIO FISMA Reporting Metrics. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsVulnerability Assessment and Management
Definition(s)
Vulnerability Assessment and Management
In the NICE Workforce Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Conducts assessments of threats and vulnerabilities, determines deviations from acceptable configurations, enterprise or local policy, assesses the level of risk, and develops and/or recommends appropriate mitigation countermeasures in operational and non-operational situations. From: NICE Workforce Framework. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsVirus
Definition(s)
Virus
A computer program that can replicate itself, infect a computer without permission or knowledge of the user, and then spread or propagate to another computer. Adapted from: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsVirus
Self-replicating or self-reproducing program that spreads by inserting copies of itself into other executable code or documents.
Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National StandardUnauthorized Access
Definition(s)
Unauthorized Access
Any access that violates the stated security policy. From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsTrojan Horse
Definition(s)
Trojan Horse
Malware that appears to perform a desirable function. Source: ISO/IEC 27032:2015, Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for cybersecurity, First Edition, July 2012. Global StandardsTrojan Horse
A computer program that appears to have a useful function, but also has a hidden and potentially malicious function that evades security mechanisms, sometimes by exploiting legitimate authorizations of a system entity that invokes the program. From: CNSSI 4009. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsTrojan Horse
Computer program that appears to have a useful function, but also has a hidden and potentially malicious function that evades security mechanisms, sometimes by exploiting legitimate authorizations of a system entity that invokes the program [11]. Source: ANSI/ISA–99.00.01–2007, Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models, 29 October 2007. National StandardTraffic Light Protocol
Definition(s)
Traffic Light Protocol
A set of designations employing four colors (RED, AMBER, GREEN, and WHITE) used to ensure that sensitive information is shared with the correct audience. Adapted from: US-CERT. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsTicket
Definition(s)
Ticket
In access control, data that authenticates the identity of a client or a service and, together with a temporary encryption key (a session key), forms a credential. Adapted from: IETF RFC 4120 Kerberos V5, July 2005; Conrad, E., Misenauer, S., & Feldman, J. (2010). CISSP® Study Guide. Burlington, MA: Syngress. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsThreat Assessment
Definition(s)
Threat Assessment
A product or process of identifying or evaluating entities, actions, or occurrences that has or has indicated the potential to harm life, information, operations, or property. Source: API RP 781 Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas Industries.1st Ed. September 2016. Global StandardsThreat Assessment
The product or process of identifying or evaluating entities, actions, or occurrences, whether natural or manmade, that have or indicate the potential to harm life, information, operations, and/or property. From: DHS Risk Lexicon and adapted from: CNSSI 4009, NIST SP 800-53, Rev 4. Source: NICCS™ Portal Cybersecurity Lexicon, National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (https://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary) as of 11 November 2015, Global StandardsThreat Assessment
Product or process of identifying or evaluating entities, actions, or occurrences, whether natural or man-made, that has or indicates the potential to harm life, information, operations, and/or property.
Source:API STANDARD 780, Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries, First Edition, May 2013. Global Standards