Glossary
Browse the IADC Lexicon alphabetically or by category. Get comprehensive definitions of drilling industry terms.
Restricted Work Day Case
Definition(s)
Restricted work day case (RWDC)
Any work-related injury other than a fatality or lost work day case which results in a person being unfit for full performance of the regular job on any day after the occupational injury. Work performed might be: and assignment to a temporary job; part-time work at the regular job; working full-time in the regular job but not performing all the usual duties of the job. Where no meaningful restricted work is being performed, the incident should be recorded as a lost work day case (LWDC). This is a recordable incident. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsRWDC
Definition(s)
RWDC
Restricted work day case. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsRestricted work day case (RWDC)
Any work-related injury other than a fatality or lost work day case which results in a person being unfit for full performance of the regular job on any day after the occupational injury. Work performed might be: and assignment to a temporary job; part-time work at the regular job; working full-time in the regular job but not performing all the usual duties of the job. Where no meaningful restricted work is being performed, the incident should be recorded as a lost work day case (LWDC). This is a recordable incident. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsCatwalk (Derrick Walk or Mast Walk)
Definition(s)
Catwalk (Derrick Walk or Mast Walk)
A walkway extending from the derrick and/or mast to a point beyond the outer end of the drill pipe and casing storage rack at a well, the purpose of which is to facilitate the handling of such pipe between the rack and the derrick and/or mast. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. RegulationsReportable
Definition(s)
Recordable
For the purpose of the tables in this section, the word “reportable” means that a test shall be performed and documentation shall be provided to the purchaser of the equipment in accordance with 4.8 or 4.9.
Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsRecordable
A type of event or incident, including an LOPC or an occupational injury or illness, or other outcome which has been determined to meet or exceed definitions, criteria or thresholds for inclusion and classification in data provided to OGP (or other agencies or stakeholders). The broader term ‘reportable’ is often used to indicate the wider range of KPI data collected within the company for local or corporate use, of which only part will also be recordable. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsCathead, Automatic
Definition(s)
Cathead, Automatic
A clutch operated metal mechanical device consisting of a wheel having a flanged or flat surfaced rim or a spool shaped drum mounted on a shaft to which the end of a wire or fiber rope or chain is attached. The rotating cathead imparts a pulling power to the line attached to it. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. RegulationsRecordable
Definition(s)
Recordable
Test performed and the results documented. Source: API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-through Equipment, Fourth Edition, April 2017. Global StandardsRecordable
A type of event or incident, including an LOPC or an occupational injury or illness, or other outcome which has been determined to meet or exceed definitions, criteria or thresholds for inclusion and classification in data provided to OGP (or other agencies or stakeholders). The broader term ‘reportable’ is often used to indicate the wider range of KPI data collected within the company for local or corporate use, of which only part will also be recordable. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsPS
Definition(s)
PS
Process safety. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsPSER
Definition(s)
Process Safety Event Rate (PSER)
The number of process safety events per 1,000,000 (1 million) work hours (production and drilling work hours only). Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsProcess Safety Event Rate
Definition(s)
Process Safety Event Rate (PSER)
The number of process safety events per 1,000,000 (1 million) work hours (production and drilling work hours only). Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsPSE
Definition(s)
Process Safety Event (PSE)
For consistency with API RP 754 definitions, an incident is referred to as a Process Safety Event (PSE). Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsProcess Safety Event (PSE)
A Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) from a process that meets the Tier 1 or Tier 2 definitions in this guide. A PSE is a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) and is recordable For the purpose of recording a PSE: drilling facilities are considered to be part of a process when operations are ‘in-hole’; land or marine vessels (trucks and ships) are considered to be part of a process when physically connected to a production facility. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsProcess Safety Event
Definition(s)
Process Safety Event (PSE)
For consistency with API RP 754 definitions, an incident is referred to as a Process Safety Event (PSE). Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsProcess Safety Event (PSE)
A Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) from a process that meets the Tier 1 or Tier 2 definitions in this guide. A PSE is a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) and is recordable For the purpose of recording a PSE: drilling facilities are considered to be part of a process when operations are ‘in-hole’; land or marine vessels (trucks and ships) are considered to be part of a process when physically connected to a production facility. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsProcess Safety
Definition(s)
Process safety
Process safety is a disciplined framework for managing the integrity of operating systems and processes handling hazardous substances. It is achieved by applying good design principles, engineering, and operating and maintenance practices. It deals with the prevention and control of events that have the potential to release hazardous materials and energy. Such incidents can result in toxic exposures, fires or explosions, and could ultimately result in serious incidents including facilities, injuries, property damage, lost production or environmental damage. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsProcess safety
Process safety is a disciplined framework for managing the integrity of operating systems and processes handling hazardous substances by applying good design principles, engineering, and operating and maintenance practices. It deals with the prevention and control of events with the potential to release hazardous materials and energy. Such releases can result in toxic effects, fire, explosion, and could ultimately result in serious incidents including facilities, injuries, property damage, lost production and environmental damage. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsBreaking Line (Break-out Line, Make-up Line, Jerk Line, Snap Line)
Definition(s)
Breaking Line (Break-out Line, Make-up Line, Jerk Line, Snap Line)
A wire rope or fiber rope or chain, one end of which is secured to a tong handle and the other end attached to or wound on a mechanical device to impart a pulling power on the tong leverage arm or handle. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. Regulations
Primary Containment
Definition(s)
Primary containment
A tank, vessel, pipe, truck, rail car, or other equipment designed to keep a material within it, typically for purposes of storage, separation, processing or transfer of gases or liquids. The terms vessel and pipe are taken to include containment of reservoir fluids within the casing and wellhead valving to the surface. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsPrimary containment
A tank, vessel, pipe, truck, rail car, or other equipment designed to keep a material within it, typically for purposes of storage, separation, processing or transfer of gases or liquids. The terms vessel and pipe are taken to include containment of reservoir fluids within the casing and wellhead valving to the surface. Note that primary containment for a specified material may comprise a vessel or pipe that is inside another vessel that is also designed as primary containment for a different material; for example, a heating tube is primary containment for fuel gas or fuel oil, even though the tubes may be inside a firebox which is in turn within an oil-water separator. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsPressure Relief Device
Definition(s)
Pressure-relief device
Device actuated by inlet static pressure and designed to open during emergency or abnormal conditions to prevent a rise of internal fluid pressure in excess of a specified design value.- NOTE: The device may be a pressure-relief valve, a rupture disk device, or a buckling pin device.
Pressure Relief Device (PRD)
A device designed to open and relieve excess pressure (e.g. safety valve, thermal relief, rupture disk, rupture pin, deflagration vent, pressure/vacuum vents). Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsPressure Relief Device
A device for relieving pressure, such as a direct spring-loaded safety valve, rupture disk, or shear-pin set safety valve. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. RegulationsPRD
Definition(s)
PRD
Pressure relieving device. Source: API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, Fourth Edition, February 2016, with Addendum May 2017. Global StandardsPRD
Pressure Relief Device. Source: API STD 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, Sixth Edition, January 2014. Global Standards Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsPressure relief device (PRD)
A device designed to open and relieve excess pressure (e.g. safety valve, thermal relief, rupture disk, rupture pin, deflagration vent, pressure/vacuum vents). Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsOnshore Work
Definition(s)
Onshore work
All activities and operations that take place within a landmass, including those on swamps, rivers and lakes. Land-to-land aircraft operations are counted as onshore, even though flights may be over water. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsOffshore Work
Definition(s)
Offshore work
All activities and operations that take place at sea, including activities in bays, in major inland seas, such as the Caspian Sea, or in other inland seas directly connected to oceans. Events involving transportation of people and equipment form shore to the offshore location, either by vessel or helicopter, should be recorded as ‘offshore’. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsOfficially Declared
Definition(s)
Officially declared
A declaration by a recognized community official (e.g. fire, police, civil defense, emergency management) or delegate (e.g. Company official) authorised to order the community action (e.g. shelter-in-place, evacuation). Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsOECD
Definition(s)
OECD
Organization for Economic Coordination and Development. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsOECD
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Source: Guidelines Regarding the Activities Regulations, Norway, updated December 2012. Regulatory GuidanceOECD
OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Source: Mining Regulation of the Netherlands, WJZ 02063603, Netherlands,16 December 2002. RegulationsOccupational Injury
Definition(s)
Occupational injury
Any injury such as a cut, fracture, sprain, amputation, etc. which results from a work-related activity or from an exposure involving a single incident in the work environment, such as deafness from explosion, one-time chemical exposure, back disorder from a slip/trip, insect or snake bite. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsOccupational Illness
Definition(s)
Occupational illness
An occupational illness is any abnormal condition or disorder caused by prolonged or repeated exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. Occupational illnesses may be caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion or direct contact with a hazard, as well as exposure to physical and psychological hazards. The effects of ordinary workplace stress (i.e. inherent to job duties) are not considered to be a psychological hazard. Note: IRF (www.irfoffshoresafety.com/country/performance/scope.aspx); OSH (NL) 15.1 and OSH (NS) Element 2, Part 15, Section 15.1. Occupational illnesses are different from occupational injuries (refer to Section 6.4) in that occupational injuries are caused by instantaneous events in the work environment or events close in time. Cases resulting from anything other than instantaneous events are considered occupational illnesses. Occupational illnesses shall be reported via the written notification process described in Section 5.3.3. Note: OSH (NL) 15.4; OSH (NS) Element 2, Part 15, Section 15.4. Source: Incident Reporting and Investigation Guidelines, The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, November 30, 2012. Regulatory GuidanceOccupational illness
Any abnormal condition or disorder, other than one resulting from an occupational injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. Occupational illness may be caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion of, or direct contact with the hazard, as well as exposure to physical and psychological hazards. It will generally result from prolonged or repeated exposure. Refer to OGP/IPECA Report No. 393, Health Performance Indicators (2007). Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsBlind
Definition(s)
Blind
A device such as metal plates inserted in flanged joints, blind flanges, and caps or plugs installed on the ends of pipe lines, used to prevent liquids, gases, or vapors from passing through a pipe line or nozzle. Valves are not blinds. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. Regulations
Number of Fatalities
Definition(s)
Number of fatalities
The total number of Company’s employees and/or Contractor’s employees who died as a result of an incident. ‘Delayed’ deaths that occur after the incident are to be included if the deaths were a direct result of the incident. For example, if a fire killed one person outright, and a second died three weeks later from lung damage caused by the fire, both are reported. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsNumber of Employees
Definition(s)
Number of employees
Average number of full-time and part-time employees involved in exploration and production, calculated on a full-time basis, during the reporting year. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsBailer
Definition(s)
Bailer
A long cylindrical container, fitted with a valve at its lower end, used to remove water, sand, mud, or oil from a well. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. Regulations
Near-Miss
Definition(s)
Near miss
“Near-miss” means an event that would likely cause an event set out in paragraph (a) of the definition of “incident”, but does not due to particular circumstances (quasi-incident). Source: Canada Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Regulations, SOR/2009-315, February 2013. Regulations Source: Drilling and Production Guidelines, The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, March 31, 2011. Regulatory Guidance Source: Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Drilling and Production Regulations, SOR/2009-317, Canada, current to May 31, 2012. RegulationsNear miss
All incidents that, if under slightly different circumstances, would likely have had potential to result in the following on an installation, vessel or aircraft shall be reported as near misses: • An occupational injury/illness which could be classified as at least a lost/restricted workday injury • Unauthorized discharge or spill • Hydrocarbon release • Fire/explosion • Major impairment/damage to safety or environmentally critical equipment. Note: OSH (NL) 15.4, OSH (NS) Element 2, Part 15, Section 15.4; INST 70; DPR 1(1) definition of ”incident” and “near-miss”; DPR 76. Examples of near misses include, but are not limited to the following: • Missing or ineffective safety or environmentally critical barrier This would include, but not be limited to failures in personal protective equipment and failures in management system elements such as control of work, management of change, maintenance, competence assurance, etc. Note: A barrier is a technical, human or organizational safeguard that is put in place to prevent, mitigate or control health, safety or environmental risks. Barriers can be equipment, personnel or procedures identified during both major and on-site risk assessments which must be implemented to reduce risk to as low as reasonably practicable. This includes the design, maintenance and inspection of equipment, implementation of operating and maintenance procedures and training and competency of personnel. Barriers can also be those elements of a management system that are put in place to reduce risk by seeking to identify and improve deficiencies within a management system. • Dropped objects in areas where personnel could be present. • A large object drifting in an uncontrolled manner in dangerous proximity to an installation. • Free fall of elevating devices. Note: OSH (NL) Part 4; Section 15.4. • Unplanned musters in response to the emergency shutdown of a facility for false alarms. Source: Incident Reporting and Investigation Guidelines, The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board, Canada, November 30, 2012. Regulatory GuidanceNear miss
An event or chain of events that has not resulted in recordable injury, illness or physical damage or environmental damage but had the potential to do so in other circumstances. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsMWE
Definition(s)
MWE
Management and workforce engagement. Source: OGP Report No. 456, Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, November 2011. Global StandardsBail
Definition(s)
Bail
A cylindrical steel bar, similar to the handle or band of a bucket, only much larger, that supports the swivel and connects it to the hook. The links that attach the elevators to the hook may also be referred to as bails. Source: Petroleum Safety Orders--Drilling and Production, Definitions, California Code of Regulations, 8 CCR § 6505, December 2012. Regulations